No abstract available.
Albuterol* ; Asthma* ; Gases* ; Inhalation*

Drowning is one of the most common causes accidental death worldwide, but its diagnosis remains a challenging task in forensic pathology. Several authors have suggested that diatom analysis be conducted via an enzymatic digestion method that uses proteinase K to provide objective evidence for drowning; we employed this method in our study because of its superior applicability as compared to the conventional disorganization methods. The purpose of this study was to examine the reclaiming ratio of diatoms from experimentally drowned animal organs, which could be influenced by diatom morphology. The authors injected 3 diatoms species (Cyclotella striata, Navicula incerta, and Pleurosigma angulatum) into a rat's airway and compared the detection rate to investigate the factors that influence the sensitivity of diatom analysis. The results are as follows: (1) Average reclaiming ratio in the lungs was 81.07 for Navicula incerta, 48.26 for Cyclotella striata, and 5.35 for Pleurosigma angulatum. (2) The detection rates from the closed organs in 15 experimental animals were highest in the kidney (73%, 11/15), followed by the heart (67%, 10/15), brain (60%, 9/15), and liver (53%, 8/15). (3) Two Cyclotella striata was detected in the kidney of postmortem control group which suggest the possibility of contamination during laboratory procedure. In conclusion, the authors propose that diatom size could be a significant influencing factor for diatom extraction from the organs of drowned bodies; therefore, the results of diatom analysis must be interpreted after considering the diatom population of the drowning medium at the scene and the possibility of contamination during the laboratory procedure.
Animal Structures ; Animals ; Brain ; Diatoms ; Digestion ; Drowning ; Endopeptidase K ; Forensic Pathology ; Heart ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung

No abstract available.
Angiomyoma*

The peptic ulcer is the most common cause of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We evaluated the efficacy of the sclerotherapy by endoscopic injection of ethanol for the bleeding peptic ulcer patients. We also evaluated the need of the sclerotherapy on the bleeding peptic ulcer according to the bleeding stigmata on the ulcer base. We classified the bleeding stigmata on the ulcer base with 4 group: active bleeding(21/345, 6%), visible vessel(122/345, 35%), red spot(97/345, 28%), no stigmata(105/345, 31%). The patients who manifested hernatemesis, melena, or both initially, were diagnosed as benign gastric ulcer(BGU, 179 patients) and duodenal ulcer(BDU, 166 patients). The median age was 57 year-old in the BGU patients and 37 year-old in the BDU patients. The sclerotherapy was performed to the 109 patients(58 BGU and 51 BDU patients), 96 patients(96/109, 89%) show permanent hemostasis. The hemostasis rate was 77% with active bleeding in the BGU patients, 75% with active bleeding in the BDU patients. There was no significant difference between sclerotherapy and observation group with visible vessel and red spot on the ulcer base of the bleeding peptic ulcer patients. Conclusively, the endoscopic sclerotherapy was very useful and effective treatment method for the bleeding peptic ulcer, but we suggested that all the bleeding peptic ulcer patients should not have done the sclerotherapy.
Adult ; Christianity ; Ethanol* ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Melena ; Middle Aged ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Ulcer

Consecutive twelve patients' twelve eyes with complicated pars planitis underwent pars plana vitrectomy at our center in the period from January 1988 to December 1990. Patients' ages ranged from 24 to 60(mean 39.9)years and all were male. Nine patients had histories of topical or systemic steroid therapy and at the time of surgery, all eyes were quiet from active inflammation. With various degrees of vitreal opacities, five eyes had macular pucker or membrane only and in other seven eyes, retinal detachments of either tractional or tractional-rhegmatogenous origin were arisen. In the later group, macular hole was associated in two eyes. Surgical procedures combined were membrane peeling(five eyes), scleral buckling(ten eyes), fluid/air-gas exchange(eight eyes), lensectomy(two eyes) and photocoagulation(two eyes). During the follow-up period ranged from four to twenty-one(mean 7.75)months after first operations, the uveitis recurred or continued to be activated in four eyes and as a complication, retinal detachment occurred in two eyes which had macular pucker only preoperatively. One refused reoperation and the other was reattached successfully by second operation. Final visual acuities were improved in eight eyes, stationary in one and worsen in three. The causes of worsen vision were retinal detachment, macular edema and macular slanting by buckle respectively. Preoperatively, the majority of eyes(10 eyes: 84%) had less than 0.09 vision and postoperative vision turned over better than 0.09 in 7 eyes(59%). Although we did not confirm extinguished therapeutic effects of vitrectomy on the pars planitis perse, our results revealed some positve role of surgical intervention in the complicated pars planitis.

Chronic anteromedial rotatory instability has not been demonstrated to have a satisfactory solution and we have experienced recurrence of the instability after operations. So the authors devised a new operative technique for the TCL (Tibial collateral ligament), that is, burying of the torn end of the ligament beneath the “ㄷ” shaped bony flap. It would better be called advancement and bony reinsertion operation. And we performed modifed MacIntosh tenodesis for the torn anterior cruciate ligament. The results were as follows: l. Of six knees, four (66.6%) rated “good”, two (33.3%) “fair”, and none (O%) “poor” (follow-up period; at least 6 months). 2. The technical problem of the advancement and bony reinsertion operation was discussed.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Tenodesis

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Myelin Basic Protein* ; Myelin Sheath* ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein* ; Oligodendroglia*

No abstract available.
Pancreas*

BACKGROUND: The positive reactions of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) show varying degrees in the tissue of all sweat gland neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. The CEA secreted from sweat glands presents a high value, compared with that of serum. OBJECTIVE: The study was to evaluate the sweat CEA value in relation to serum CEA value by sex, smoking status and blood type in healthy subjects. METHOD: Fifty-two healthy subjects(M : 43, F :9) aged 21-30, participated in the study. 2ml sweat was collected from the face and chest after intense exercises and 3ml blood was collected from their antecubital veins. Roche Core CEA enzyme immunoassay was used for the measurement of sweat and serum CEA. RESULTS: Sweat CEA values were 102.0+4100.5ng/ml in males and 70.6+458.5ng/ml in females, with their mean valueof 96.6+/-94.9ng/ml. Sweat CEA values were 108.3+/-103.5ng/ml in 27 smokers and 83.9+/-84.8ng/ml in 25 nonsmokers(p>0.05, t-test). Sweat CEA values were higher among the males and the smokers. Serum CEA values were 2.5+/-1.7ng/ml in males and 1.6+/-0.8ng/ml in females, with its mean value of 2.4+/-1.6ng/ml. There was no difference between serum values of smokers and nonsmokers. Sweat CEA values were about 40 times higher than those of serum, with no correlation of sweat and serum CEA(correlation coefficient=-0.16, P>0.05). In the blood type study, sweat CEA values were 123.1+/-131.8ng/ml in A type and 66.1+/-55.0ng/ml in B type(P>0.05), whereas serum CEA values were higher in AB type and lower in O type(P<0.05, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: Sweat CEA values are extraordinarily high in contradistinction to serum. Sweat CEA values are not affected by sex, smoking status and blood type. There seems to be no association between CEA values of sweat and serum.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; Thorax ; Veins

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical charateristics, surgical treatment and outcome of carcinoid tumors of the rectum. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of all patients treated for rectal carcinoid tumors at Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center between Jan 1989 and April 1998. Thirteen patients with rectal carcinoids tumors were treated. Follow-up data, histopathological information and surgical procedures were obtained from case notes. RESULTS: There were 10 men and 3 women. The ages ranged from 28 to 60 years (mean 41.1 years for all, 43.8 years for men and 32 years for women). Eight patients (61.5%) had no symptoms. Of the five patients, four complained of rectal bleeding (30.8%), and one complained of defecational difficulty (7.7%). Size of rectal carcinoid tumor was less than 1 cm in 7 patients (53.8%), between 1 cm and 2 cm in 2 patients (15.4%), in four patients (30.8%) larger than 2 cm. Three patients were treated in Abdominoperineal resection. Two patients underwent stapled low anterior resection. The remaining 8 patients underwent conservative resection (3 colonoscopic polypectomy and electrocauterization, 2 colonoscopic snaring biopsy, 2 transanal resection and one Mason's operation). The depth of invasion was contained within sutmucosa in 3 patients. Liver metastasis was found in 2 patients. Average follow-up time was 35.6 months. Two patients died of mutiple mestastasis (liver, bone, peritoneum) 9 and 30months later. CONCLUSION: We concluded that tumors smaller than 1 cm could be managed by local treatment whereas larger than 2 cm should be managed by radical treatment.
Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; SNARE Proteins