The number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is progressively growing with more than 60,000 ESRD patients on renal replacement therapy in Korea. The mortality risk in ESRD patients is approximately 10 to 20-fold higher compared to the general population, which is mainly attributed to prevalent cardiovascular disease in these patients. However, the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients are different from the general population, and useful biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular mortality are not completely defined. The nationwide multicenter Clinical Research Center (CRC) for ESRD program was initiated in Korea not only to elucidate the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients but also to identify potential risk factors including various biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. A prospective cohort of 864 incident hemodialysis patients, from 34 dialysis centers of the CRC for ESRD in Korea, was followed up for 36 months, and the clinical outcome of these patients was reviewed. This article presents the recent data from the CRC for ESRD program, and, in addition, brief reviews on key risk factors and potential biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients.
Biomarkers ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cohort Studies ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Risk Factors

It is uncommon that two phenotypically different lymphomas develop in the same person, and especially in the skin. Composite lymphoma is defined as two distinctly demarcated types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or its association with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) within a single organ or tissue. Discordant lymphoma is defined as two types of NHL or the association of HL with NHL at different anatomic sites in the same person. Sequential lymphoma and simultaneous lymphoma are defined as two different types of lymphoma that occur in the same person at different times and at the same times, respectively. We herein report on two cases of sequential composite lymphomas that were limited to the skin. A 57-year-old woman who had had been diagnosed with HL at the face had been treated with chemotherapy for 1.5 years. 6 months later, the patient revisited the dermatologic clinic of our hospital for a one-month history of erythematous nodules on her chest and upper extremities. Punch biopsy was performed and the pathologic diagnosis was mantle cell lymphoma. She refused further treatment. A 68-year old woman, who had been diagnosed as having extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, had been treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for one year. After one year, she revisited dermatologic clinic of our hospital for a several-month history of erythematous nodules on her extremities. Punch biopsy from the lesion was performed and the pathologic diagnosis was cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the leg type. She was scheduled for chemotherapy (rituximab with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP)). To the best of our knowledge, our cases are the first such cases in the Korean dermatologic literature.
Biopsy ; Composite Lymphoma ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Extremities ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Leg ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Thorax ; Upper Extremity ; Vincristine

The purpose of this study was to investigate pregnancy, abortion and delivery rates among Korean teenagers. The subjects of this study were 11,433 teenagers aged 13-19 year in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju, Insheon, Taejeon and Ansan, Korea. Data were collected from Feb. 1994 to May 1995, 16 months, by schoolnurses or the researchers. The results showed pregnancy rate was 7.2 per 1,000 teenagers, the abortion rate was 4.3 per 1,000 teenagers, and delivery rate was 1.2 per 1,000 teenagers. In the pregnancy experience, the main factors related to teenage pregnancy were love or marriage engagement. In the abortion experience, 53.9% of teenagers had more than two abortion experiences, 38.1% midtrimester abortion, 22% complications after abortion. In the delivery experience, 64.3% of teenagers delivered with no prenatal care and 42.9% had a delay in realizing they were pregnant. Fifty percent were delivered by non-professionals in non-medical institutions.
Abortion, Induced ; Adolescent* ; Birth Rate ; Busan ; Daegu ; Daejeon ; Female ; Gwangju ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Love ; Marriage ; Pregnancy in Adolescence ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy* ; Prenatal Care ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of three chemotherapeutic agents both new and old, on a human neuroblastoma xenograft, designated TNB9, according to the standard Battelle Columbus Laboratories protocol. Cytogenetic and phenotypic analyses showed that TNB9 was one of the most malignant strains among human neuroblastoma xenografts. METHODS: When the estimated TNB9 tumor weight reached 100 to 200 mg, 28 nu/nu BALB/c tumor- bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. One of three drugs was administered intraperitoneally in a total of three doses at four-day intervals to the mice in each experimental group while the control group received injections of normal saline. The doses of these agents at each injection were equivalent to one-third of the LD50. The results were evaluated on the basis of the maximum inhibition rate and also by the degree of tumor regression. RESULTS: Maximum inhibition rates were as follows: mitomycin C, 95.6%; irinotecan (CPT-11), 72.5%; paclitaxel, 46.4%. Mitomycin C was graded as having effects, representing tumor regression. Irinotecan was also effective against TNB9, and none of the irinotecan treated mice lost weight, suggesting minimal toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of the chemotherapeutic sensitivity in vivo showed that irinotecan, mitomycin C were active agents whereas paclitaxel had minimal or marginal activity in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
Animals ; Cytogenetics ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mitomycin* ; Neuroblastoma* ; Paclitaxel* ; Tumor Burden

Hematemesis is not infrequent occurences in the neonatal period. Physician's first task is to determine whether this blood is maternal in origin or whether the infant is bleeding internally. Fetal blood indicates one of a variety of lesions and its source may be difficult to determine. The causes are esophagitis, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodernum, hemorrhagic disease and pulmonary hemorrhage etc. We have experienced a case of massive hematemesis that occured in a 1 day of life. we conducted 24 hour pH monitoring, upper gastrointestinal barium series, and endoscopy with biopsy. this case showed esophagitis due to gastroesohageal reflux and errosive gastritis by above procedures. If there is hematemesis during the neonatal period, the esophagitis and gastritis should be considered.
Barium ; Biopsy ; Endoscopy ; Esophagitis ; Esophagitis, Peptic* ; Fetal Blood ; Gastritis* ; Hematemesis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Stomach ; Ulcer

Ascending aortic injury after blunt chest trauma is an emergency condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. The authors report the case of a patient with traumatic ascending aortic injury who received ascending aorta replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass after failure of primary repair.

Patients with traumatic aortic rupture rarely reach the hospital alive. Even among those who arrive at the hospital alive, traumatic aortic rupture after high-speed motor vehicle accidents leads to a high in-hospital mortality rate and is associated with other major injuries. Here, we report a rare case of descending midthoracic aortic rupture with blunt diaphragmatic rupture. Successful management with emergency laparotomy after an immediate endovascular procedure resulted in a favorable prognosis in this case.

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is the rarest cancer of the female genital tract with an incidence of 1% all gynecologic tumors Moreover, adenocarcinoma in situ of fallopian tube accounts for approximately 1% of primary fallopian tube cancer. Ovarian cancer and primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube are similar in many aspects. Both carcinomas show an increase incidence among nulliparous women, are often of serous papillay histology, and they have not only a poor pronosis with stage and residual tumor size as important prognostic factors, but also respond to paclitaxel-based treatment. Nevertheless, presenting symptoms are variable and nonspecific, so pre-operative diagnosis of fallopian tube carcinoma is seldom made. We have experiened a case of primary adenocarcinoma in situ of fallopian tube and reported with brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Ovarian Neoplasms

We report herein a case of 35-years-old woman in whom portal hypertension (esophageal varix and splenomegaly) developed after 12 cycles of oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer. She was transferred for the evaluation of etiology of new-onset portal hypertension. The esophageal varix and splenomegaly were absent before the oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy. Thorough history taking and serological exam revealed no evidence of chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy was done and there was no cirrhotic nodule formation. Instead, perivenular fibrosis was noted. Considering new development of esophageal varices and splenomegaly after 12 cycles of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, we could conclude that portal hypertension in this patient were due to sinusoidal injury by oxaliplatin. Finally, we recommend regular follow-up with endoscopy and radiologic examination for checking the development of varices and for screening of varices and splenomegaly in patients with colo-rectal cancer who receive oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/chemically induced ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/chemically induced/*diagnosis ; Liver/pathology ; Organoplatinum Compounds/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/surgery ; Splenomegaly/chemically induced ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report herein a case of 35-years-old woman in whom portal hypertension (esophageal varix and splenomegaly) developed after 12 cycles of oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer. She was transferred for the evaluation of etiology of new-onset portal hypertension. The esophageal varix and splenomegaly were absent before the oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy. Thorough history taking and serological exam revealed no evidence of chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy was done and there was no cirrhotic nodule formation. Instead, perivenular fibrosis was noted. Considering new development of esophageal varices and splenomegaly after 12 cycles of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, we could conclude that portal hypertension in this patient were due to sinusoidal injury by oxaliplatin. Finally, we recommend regular follow-up with endoscopy and radiologic examination for checking the development of varices and for screening of varices and splenomegaly in patients with colo-rectal cancer who receive oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/chemically induced ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/chemically induced/*diagnosis ; Liver/pathology ; Organoplatinum Compounds/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/surgery ; Splenomegaly/chemically induced ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed