No abstract available.
Ventilators, Mechanical*

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: Unlike other diseases, the management of sepsis has not been fully integrated in our daily practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether repeated training could improve compliance with a 6-h resuscitation bundle in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: Repeated education regarding a sepsis bundle was provided to the intensive care unit and emergency department residents, nurses, and faculties in a single university hospital. The educational program was led by a multidisciplinary team. A total of 175 adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were identified (88 before and 87 after the educational program). Hemodynamic resuscitation bundle and timely antibiotics administration were measured for all cases and mortality at 28 days after sepsis diagnosis was evaluated. RESULTS: The compliance rate for the sepsis resuscitation bundle before the educational program was poor (0%), and repeated training improved it to 80% (p < 0.001). The 28-day mortality was significantly lower in the intervention group (16% vs. 32%, p = 0.040). Within the intervention group, patients for whom the resuscitation bundle was successfully completed had a significantly lower 28-day mortality than other patients (11% vs. 41%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated education led by a multidisciplinary team and interdisciplinary communication improved the compliance rate of the 6-h resuscitation bundle in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. Compliance with the sepsis resuscitation bundle was associated with improved 28-day mortality in the study population.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Compliance ; Critical Pathways ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Mortality ; Resuscitation* ; Sepsis* ; Shock, Septic

No abstract available.
Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilators, Mechanical* ; Weaning*

The occurrence of bilateral phrenic nerve injury in infants and children, usually associated with birth trauma or cardiotnoracic surgery can present difficulty in bedside recognition. The resultant bilateral diaphragmatic pareais or paralysis usually presenting as respiratory distress of difficulty in weaning from a ventilator can aignificantly prolong and complicate the hospital course. We experienced the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis which developed after explothora-cotomy for removal of cystic hygroma in 10-month-old-age Patient. We recognized the diaphragmatic paralysis on 0ctober 16,1986 (postoperative 14 day) via fluoroscope and tracheoastomy was performed on postoperative 23 day. Electroconduction study was done twice on postoperative 19 and 40 day, in which at first neuropraxia ant later viability of phrenic nerve was revealed. The patient's spontaneous respiration was improved on postoperative 51 day and the SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) and CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) was applied, The patient was weaned from ventilator at postoperative 61 day and transferred with better condition after ICU 88 day to general ward.
Ants ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Paralysis ; Parturition ; Patients' Rooms ; Phrenic Nerve ; Respiration ; Respiratory Paralysis* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Weaning

Major fracture of the intrathoracic airway following ohest trauma is a potentially lethal injury which can be repaired sueceasfullr if the diagnosis is made early. Cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, hemoptyala, mediastinal emphysema or pneumathorax, and a Deterioration of the patient's Clinical condition out of proportion to the apparant closed chest injury should alert the clinician to the possibility of this entity. This report describes the patients who damitted to the intensive care unit for ventilator support and left main bronchus rupture was recognized after 21-trauma-way with the aid of bronchogram. Aeter then pneumonetomy was done and transferred to the general ward after weaing from the ventiltor support. from the above report it can he concluded that the bronchogram with the aid of fiberoptic bronchoscope is easentially necessary for the diagnosis of the major airwar injury.
Bronchi* ; Bronchoscopes ; Cough ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Patients' Rooms ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs* ; Rupture* ; Thoracic Injuries ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Pulse oximetry has rapidly become the primary means of assuring safety of anesthesia, postoperative patient transport, recovery, critical care and other patient care situations potentially involving ventilatory depression, airway obstruction, inadequate pulmonary function or hypoxia. However pulse oximetry may fail in the face of hypotension, low pulse pressure or vasoconstriction, and with motion and respiratory artifacts. The pulse oximeter should be limited to monitoring changes in arterial oxygenation and should not be used as a qualitative substitute for arterial blood analysis. Pulse oximetry will provide new therapeutic guidelines if being used with combination with direct blood gas analysis, capnometry and transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 monitoring.
Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia ; Anoxia ; Artifacts ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Oximetry* ; Oxygen ; Patient Care ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Vasoconstriction

When ventilatory support becomes necessary in patients with acute respiratory failure, there is an associated increase in complications. We reviewed the charts of acute respiratory failure patients with the ventilatory support retrospectively who were admitted to the General Intensive Care Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea for the 6 months period, from March through August, 1990. The data included incidence of complications, morbidity and mortality, and reasons for and the duration of the ventilatory support. Of 269 patients receiving the ventilatory support, 107 patients (39.8%) developed 159 complications including alveolar hyperventilation (56 times), premature extubation (20 times) and right bronchial intubation (16 times). A single complication was associated with mortality rate of 19.5%, while with two or more complications, mortality rate was 60%, giving an average mortality rate of 29% when the complications were identified. The highest incidence of complications was in patients with multiple organ failure (80%). The highest mortality rate (50%) occurred in patients with heart failure. Patients with the ventilatory support less than one day had 23% incidence of complications and 2.7% mortality, while those with support for more than one month, these figures were 90.0% and 40.0% respectively (p<0.05).
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Human ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Respiration, Artificial/*adverse effects/mortality ; Respiratory Insufficiency/*therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (PtcO2 and PtcCO2) measured with a heated electrode was compared with arterial owygen and carbon dioxide tension (PaO2 and PaCO2) in 5 groups of 37 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, Severance hospital, from October 1985 to February, 1986. The results were as follows 1) In the group I (6 neonate patients), the PtcO2 and PtcCO2 index was 0.89. 1.02. The relationship of the two method is given br the regreasion equation(in mmHg) : PaO2= 1.15 (PtcO2) +0.77(r: 0.86 P<0.001) PaCO2=0.87 (PtcCO2) +5.12(r: 0.91 P<0.001) 2) In the group 2(13 mpmsirgocal patients) the PtcO2 and PtCO2 index was 0.71, 1.03. The relationship of the two methods is given by the regression equation(in mmH7) : PaO2 = 1.42(7t707) -0.27 (r: 7.53 p<0.001) rac07=1.73 (7tc007) -7.43 (r: 0.74 p<0.001) 3) In the group 3(8 immediate postopen heart patients) PtCO2 index was 0.20, PtcCO2 index was 1.25. There was no correlation between PtcO2 and PaO2. The relationship of the two method is given by the regression equation(in mmHg) : PaCO2= 0.40(ftcCO2) +2l. 68(r: 0.60 p<0,005) 4) In the Group 4(9 postpen heart patient after extubation) PtCO2 & PtCO2 index was 0.60, 1.05, and the relationship of the two method is given by the regression equation (in mmHg): PaO2 =1.92 (PtcO2)+67.26 (r=0.68 P<0.001) 7aCO2=0.64 (PtcCO2)+14.87 (r=0.66 p<0.001) 5) In the group 5(COPD Patient) the Ptco2 and rtcc09 index was 0.84, 1.04. and th? relationship of the two method is given br the regression equation(in mmHg) PaO2 = 1,10 (PtcO2) +7.35 (r=0.81 p<0.001) PaCO2=0.52 (PtcCO2) +21.59 (r: 0.63 P<0.001) Continuous montiroing can reveal large fluctuations in PaO2 and PaCO2 which would be missed by the use of intermittent arterial samples. The transcutaneous electrode can be employed usefully in the neonate and hemodynamic-allr stable adult patient in Intensive Care Unit. However this method is not recommended to the patients in shock, immediate postoper-ative patient with peripheral vasoconstriction and poor perfusion.
Adult ; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous ; Carbon Dioxide ; Electrodes ; Heart ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Shock ; Vasoconstriction

No abstract available.
Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care*