No abstract available.
Dermoid Cyst*

BACKGROUND: The survival rate of children with neuroblastoma has been improved over 20 years, excluding the metastatic disease, in which it does not exceed 20% so far. New treatment modalities have been developed to improve the outcome in metastatic disease. Preoperative chemotherapy reduce the size, the vascularity and the adhesiveness, so increase the resectability of the primary tumor. This retrospective clinical study was designed to review the survival rate in neuroblastoma and to analyze the effect of preoperative chemotherapy in the view point of neoadjuvant therapy on long-term survival in advanced disease. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four cases were reviewed from 135 patients with neuroblastoma registered at the Department of Pediatrics in Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January, 1985 till December, 1995. The survival rate was reviewed according to the stage. The age, sex of the patients, the stage, anatomical site of the tumor, the level of serum ferritin and neuron-specific enolase were analyzed for the risk factors on survival. RESULTS: Ranges of age at diagnosis were from 1 month to 166 months with the median of 39 months. Five year survival rates and five year disease-free survival rates were 100%, 100% in stage 1(n=5), 90.9%, 90.9% in stage 2(n=13), 43.4%, 40.6% in stage 3(n=19), 27.1%, 19.8% in stage 4(n=95) and 100%, 100% in stage 4S(n=2), respectively. In stage 3, five year survival rate was 52.5% in group receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 28.6% in control group(P=0.02). Five year disease-free survival rate was also noted as 48.6%, 28.6% in each group(P=0.02). In stage 4, five year and ten year survival rates were 27.6%, 23.6% in group receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 26.9%, 0% in control group(P=0.02). Five year and ten year disease-free survival rates were 14.3%, 14.3% in group receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 20%, 0% in control group (P=0.11). In univariate analysis, the age, the stage, and the site of primary tumor appeared to affect the long-term survival. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and delayed primary surgery contribute for advance in survival in advanced neuroblastoma via increasing the resectability of the primary tumor.
Adhesiveness ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neuroblastoma ; Pediatrics ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Flow Cytometry* ; Immunophenotyping* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

The development of a safe method of transfer of the greater toe for thumb reconstruction, using dorsalis pedis artery and the great saphenous vein, suggested the possibility of one stage microvascular transfer of the second toe for reconstruction of surgery. Based upon our part experience with microsurgical experiments, limb transplantation and toe-to-thumb transplantation since 1975, we accomplished the second toe-to-index transplantation done in Korea on October 24, 1979, and succeeded in one stage second toe-to-index transplantation in two cases. Following results were obtained. I. Free second toe-to index transplantation on making a index is the most excellent method of index reconstruction with results in minimum functional and cosmetic impairment. 2. Technically, skin incision, isolation of blood vessels and flexor tendon in preparation for transplantation of second toe is more difficult than that of greater toe. 3. The specialized microsurgical training with skillful technique is essential for success.
Arteries ; Blood Vessels ; Extremities ; Korea ; Methods ; Microsurgery ; Saphenous Vein ; Skin ; Tendons ; Thumb ; Toes

The os subfibulare is a relatively uncommon bony anomaly of the foot. It is usually found between the malleolus and talus and ossifies during adolescence or preadolescence. It can be demonstrated on routine anteroposterior ankle film of the foot. In 4 patients presented, the abnormality caused pain and frequent episodes of ankle strain. The pain was relieved in all patients treated by excision of the accessory bone.
Adolescent ; Ankle ; Foot ; Humans ; Talus

An oculogyric crisis which was resolved after intravenous injection of diazepam 10 mg developed in a 16-year-old girl after an oral dose of 400 mg of albendazole. Although ocular side effects of albendazole are rare, it can induce an alarming oculogyric crisis in some sensitive subjects. The mechanism of the oculogyric crisis is unclear.
Adolescent ; Albendazole* ; Diazepam ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: To propose possible mechanisms of osteoporotic back pain and its management with antiosteoporotic drugs. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: No general conclusion has yet been reached regarding whether osteoporosis without fractures can cause pain. Instead, only treatments for back pain without osteoporotic spine fractures have been reviewed in the previous literature. Although key studies of antiosteoporotic drugs have not investigated their analgesic efficacy, plausible mechanisms have been suggested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analgesic effects of antiosteoporotic agents available in Korea were reviewed. RESULTS: Rather than the long-term use of conventional analgesics or narcotics, antiosteoporotic drugs would be more beneficial because they can enhance bone strength and have fewer side effects. Both anabolic and antiresorptive agents available in Korea have been proven to have an analgesic effect against osteoporotic back pain, with or without fractures. Anabolic agents depend on skeletal effects. Among antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates have both skeletal and extraskeletal mechanisms for analgesia. Calcitonin and selective estrogen receptor modulators mostly depend on extraskeletal effects. The order of analgesic strength for osteoporotic back pain is teriparatide > bisphosphonate > calcitonin. This implies that the analgesic effect of antiosteoporotic drugs primarily depends on their skeletal effects rather than on their extraskeletal effects. Moreover, because non-fracture osteoporotic pain has been recognized only in the spine, where fractures can occur without a sensible injury, pain may arise from undiscovered spine fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Antiosteoporotic drugs ameliorate osteoporotic back pain. Their analgesic strength is proportional to their fracture prevention efficacy.
Anabolic Agents ; Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Back Pain ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; Calcitonin ; Diphosphonates ; Korea ; Narcotics ; Osteoporosis ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Spine ; Teriparatide

In most cases of chromosomal anomaly of congenital cataract, the cause is known as Down's syndrome. We experienced a case of bilateral congenital cataract in Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). A 3 year-old female who had been born from 37 year-old mother was visited to our hospital, with clinical diagnosis of bilateral congenital cataract. Her face was pathognomonic to Down's syndrome. Chromosomal study of peripheral blood showed that the total number of chromosome was 47, and karyotype was 47, XX, +21. The lens showed nuclear opacity. Aspiration and Discission of the cataract on both eyes were performed uneventfully.
Adult ; Cataract* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mothers

PURPOSE: To describe radiologic differences between tuberculous pleural effusion and empyema on the basis of computed tomography(CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrosepectively CT findings of 50 patients with pathologically and grossly proved empyema. Twenty-two patients had empyema, and 28 patients had tuberculous pleurisy. RESULTS: CT findings known to be useful in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from empyema (1) contour and extent of pleural thickening, (2) mediastinal pleural involvement, (3)accumulation of extrapleural tissue and (4) change of ipsilateral thoraic volume of empyema. However, none of the above findings were helpful in the differential diagnosis of empyema. CONCLUSION: The differentation of tubrculous pleurisy from pyogenic empyema may be not possible with CT findings only.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Empyema* ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pleurisy ; Tuberculosis, Pleural

Twenty two eyes of twelve infants with threshold or prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity were treated by using the Argon laser through an indirect ophthalmoscopic delivery system. Eyes that had persistent plus disease were retreated to the missed areas. Mean follow-up period was 8.1 months. 20 of 22 eyes were regressed and all of prethreshold ROP were regressed. Our results suggest that argon laser photocoagulation is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of ROP and excellent results can be obtained by treating prethreshold zone I or posterior zone II ROP. And laser treatment is better tolerated by infant, accurate, easy, less destructive and not requires general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Argon* ; Cryotherapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Light Coagulation ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*