School bullying, the most prevalent type of school violence, is known to be related to various behavioral, emotional, and social problems both in victims and perpetrators. The purpose of the present study was to review available reports on school bullying in Korea and other countries, and author's two recently conducted epidemiological studies in a Korean community sample of elementary and middle school students. Among a total of 532 students of 4th to 6th graders of two elementary schools, 44.4% of students experienced school bullying. Children who were involved with school bullying reported impaired quality and satisfaction of friendship. Social immaturity, withdrawal, inattention-passivity, conduct problems, aggression, and male gender were associated with both victims and perpetrators of school bullying. In a 8-month prospective study of two middle schools, the prevalence of school bullying was similar to those in elementary schools (40.9~45.5%). Risks for chronic self-injurious/suicidal behaviors were significantly increased in chronic victims, perpetrators, and victim-perpetrators compared to those who were not involved with school bullying. Additionally, the male gender, first child, and extreme socioeconomic status were identified as environmental risk factors of school bullying. School bullying is very common among Korean elementary and middle school students. Both victims and perpetrators had more significant psychopathology than their counterparts. More active and scientifically tailored intervention and preventive programs are required to decrease school bullying and to provide appropriate assistance for promoting healthy development of Korean students.
Aggression ; Bullying* ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Friends ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Psychopathology ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Social Problems ; Violence

Recreational diving is an exciting and adventurous sport, but is also potentially hazardous. Despite its inherent hazards, an increasing number of people enjoy SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving; the number of diving-related accidents is therefore also likely to increase. Divers might face physical or psychological stresses from the unfamiliar or hostile underwater environment, which can lead to fatal accidents. To investigate deaths related to SCUBA diving, a forensic pathologist should understand the types and mechanisms of injuries and illnesses unique to SCUBA diving. Postmortem examination of diving fatalities is therefore a formidable task for most forensic pathologists because cases are sparse and the process requires an understanding of diving physiology, diving equipment, and the underwater environment. The primary aim of autopsies in SCUBA diving fatalities is to detect evidence of pulmonary barotrauma, intravascular gas, or pre-existing illnesses. Standard autopsy protocol for SCUBA diving-related deaths should include methods to detect intravascular gas and gas accumulation in the tissue or body cavity through plain radiographs or Computerized Tomography (CT) scans. Analysis of the gas components is also helpful for determining the origin of the gas. Here, the author proposes a practical method for performing an autopsy on a person who died while SCUBA diving.
Autopsy* ; Barotrauma ; Diving* ; Humans ; Methods ; Physiology ; Preexisting Condition Coverage ; Respiration ; Sports ; Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Rectal Prolapse*

Many modalities for the treatment of acne vulgaris have been introduced, but the results of the treatment were variable and unsatisfactory. In 1969, Kligman ct al reported that vitamin A acid was one of the mot effective raembers of the topical therapeutics for ance than any other topical remedies. But the undesirable side effects of vitamin A acid limit its use, and so we us instead of vitamin A acid for minimizing of possible side effects The results are as follows: 1. The total number of skin eruption progressively diminished after treatment with topical vitamin A acid derivatives and we found significant diminution on fourth week, and the effectiveness of the total patients was 73.7%. 2. The number of papules and closed comedories progressively diminished after treatment, but that of open corzelones slightly increased on first week of the treatment and diminished thereafter. 3. The number of pustules too few to evaluate with statistical analysis, but newly developed pustules noted speciaelly in first and second weeks wit.h unpredictable courses 4. The frequent, undesirable side effects were scale, buming & stinging and erythemas in order of frequeny, but other side effeccs auch as itching, tightness, pain, and pigmentation also noted in a few patients but the side effect.s were mild. So we considered the effectiveness of vitamin A acid derivatives were as good as those of vit,amin A acid, but the undesirable side effects of vitamin A acid. derivatives were less severe than those of vitamin A acirl.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Bites and Stings ; Erythema ; Humans ; Pigmentation ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Tretinoin* ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

A neurilemmoma or schwann cell tumor is a rare and distintive nerve sheath tumor. Neurilemmomas usually are solitary and affect woman more frequently than men withaut particular affinity for any age group. They occur commonly on the cranial nerve, with the most acoustic nerve. When peripheral neurilemmomas are found, they are seen to occur on nerves in the scalp, face, neck, extremities and also visceral organs. Clinically, they are rounded or ovoid with uniform texture and consistency varyingfrom soft to moderately firm in gray, pink or yellowish color and are accompanied with intermittent radiating pain along the course of a peripheral nerve. We present a case report in a 28 year old man who developed two coin size ovoid painful masses on the left extremity for 6 months and describe a brief review associated with the analysis of the statistics of 56 cases of neurilemmoma for the past 9 years' duration in our hospital.
Adult ; Cochlear Nerve ; Cranial Nerves ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma* ; Numismatics ; Peripheral Nerves ; Scalp

Monilethrix is a rare hereditary disorder of hair first described by Walter G. Smith in 1879, and usually transmitted as autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized hy bead like enlargement af the affected hair, alapecia resulting from ha.ir breakage and keratosis pila.l is. This 3 year old female child patient has been suffered from easy destrurtion of beaded scalp hair and follicular hyperkeratosis of the occipital region since infancy. Past hiatory was ncecontributory and the pe,digree of family showed autosomal dominant trait. Physical examinatior was not rernarkable except skin lesian and laboratory findings were within normal limit. Microscopic finding of the affected hair showed alternating constrictians and node. The scalp bivpsy findings showed mild hyperkeratosis, keratotic plug, mild cellular infiltration of papillary derrnia and perifollicular area.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Monilethrix* ; Scalp ; Skin

No abstract available.
Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Pancreas*