No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No abstract available.
HLA Antigens* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Bacterial*

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

Since osseous healing in the fracture of the femoral neck is carried out by endosteal bone formation, the size of contact area of the fracture fragments and impaction are of prime importance. It is not uncommon to be faced with the problem of back out of the internal fixation devices during healing period. It seems unnecessary to emphasize the benefit of sliding to close the gap between the fracture fragments. We report a retrospective study of 25 cases of the femoral neck fractures treated by closed reduction and fixation with multiple Knowles pins, paying particular attention to the amount and duration of sliding back out of the fixation devices and relating these to the final results of fracture union. Our clinical study led us to the following conclusions; 1. The shortoning of the femoral neck over 3mm occurred in 16 cases(64%) out of 25 cases. The average amount of back out of Knowles pin is 6mm. 2. Most of the shortening occurred during the first 8 weeks after surgery and extrusion of the nail is frequent findings in unstable fractures and osteoporoses. 3. Backing out over 12 weeks after surgery was associated frequently with delayed union and non-union. 4. Collapse or shortening is nceessary to promote a bone to bone contact and bone healing.
Clinical Study ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Internal Fixators ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objectives: ：This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between affective empathy and burnout among social welfare workers. Methods: ：A total of 416 social welfare workers completed this survey. We administered the Korean version of the Questionnaire on Cognitive and Affective Empathy (2QCAE), the Korean version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Collected data were analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. Results: ：Affective empathy, measured by the 2QCAE, was significantly positively correlated with burnout, measured by the MBI-GS. CD-RISC scores were significantly negatively correlated with burnout. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that the relationship between affective empathy and burnout was moderated by resilience. Conclusion ：These findings underscore the need for programs to enhance the resilience of social welfare workers to reduce burnout at work.

Objectives: ：This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between affective empathy and burnout among social welfare workers. Methods: ：A total of 416 social welfare workers completed this survey. We administered the Korean version of the Questionnaire on Cognitive and Affective Empathy (2QCAE), the Korean version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Collected data were analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. Results: ：Affective empathy, measured by the 2QCAE, was significantly positively correlated with burnout, measured by the MBI-GS. CD-RISC scores were significantly negatively correlated with burnout. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that the relationship between affective empathy and burnout was moderated by resilience. Conclusion ：These findings underscore the need for programs to enhance the resilience of social welfare workers to reduce burnout at work.

The present study investigated risk factors for iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during late infancy, including feeding type and complementary feeding (CF) practice. Healthy term Korean infants (8–15 months) were weighed, and questionnaires regarding delivery, feeding, and weaning were completed by their caregivers. We also examined levels of hemoglobin, serum iron/total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Among 619 infants, ID and IDA were present in 174 infants (28.1%) and 87 infants (14.0%), respectively. The 288 infants with exclusively/mostly breastfeeding until late infancy (BFL) were most likely to exhibit ID (53.1%) and IDA (28.1%). The risk of ID was independently associated with BFL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 47.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.3–122.9), male sex (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9), fold weight gain (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5–4.6), and perceived inadequacy of red meat intake (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.7). In addition to the risk factors for ID, Cesarean section delivery (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2) and low parental CF-related knowledge (aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5–5.2) were risk factors for IDA. In conclusion, prolonged breastfeeding and perceived inadequacy of red meat intake may be among the important feeding-related risk factors of ID and IDA. Therefore, more meticulous education and monitoring of iron-rich food intake, such as red meat, with iron supplementation or iron status testing during late infancy if necessary, should be considered for breastfed Korean infants, especially for those with additional risk factors for ID or IDA.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Breast Feeding* ; Caregivers ; Cesarean Section ; Eating ; Education ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant* ; Iron* ; Male ; Methylcellulose ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Red Meat* ; Risk Factors ; Weaning ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to identify the effectiveness of continued breast feeding and maternal identity between rooming-in and not rooming-in groups of mothers in post partum care. METHOD: The subjects were selected by convenient sampling, with 95 women in childbirth completing a questionnaire. The data were collected on the 2nd day after delivery by questionnaire, and after the 4th and 8th weeks by telephone interview. Measures used in this study included general characteristics, breast feeding related characteristics, and the maternal identity scale revised by Koh(1996). The data were analyzed with the SPSS program, and the Chi-test and t-test were used to identify the effect on breast feeding and maternal identity. RESULTS:Continued breast feeding up to 4 weeks after deliverly was not statistically significant between rooming-in and not rooming-in group, but beyond 8 weeks of deliverly, it was significantly different in rooming-in group(p<.01). Maternal identity was significantly higher in rooming-in group than in not rooming-in group(p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers preferred rooming-in system because it helped breast feeding and baby care. Rooming-in system provides self confidence in taking care of baby, knowledge about breast feeding and stimulates early phase lactation. We recommend rooming-in system in hospitals to promote breast feeding and maternal identity. Nurses are encouraged to discuss prenatal breast feeding before delivery and rooming-in care should be planned individually for continuation of breast feeding and formation of maternal identity.
Breast Feeding* ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Lactation ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rooming-in Care