The authors experienced two cases of cervical epidural AVM resembling that of tumor. It is the purpose of this report to point out by means of two cases the problem involved in establishing the diagnosis. To our knowledge, our two cases of cervical epidural AVM is the first report in Korea.
Diagnosis ; Korea

Pancreatic hyperplastic nodules were experimentally produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single doses of intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide(4-HAQO), 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg per 1kg of body weight. Every ten rats were sacrificed after 1 day, 1 week and monthly until 6 months. Within the first week, pancreatic acini and islets were severely affected with necrosis and the adjacent acinar cells underwent vacuolization. But, pancreatic ductules remained relatively unaffected. The degrees of acinar cell degeneration were proportionally increased as with the increased doses of 4-HAQO administration. The levels of blood glucose and serum amylase were closely corresponding to the light microscopic features of the pancreas. Two months after administration of 4-HAQO, the nongranular acinar cells started to proliferate and their proportion of total acinar cells was 35%, whereas that of control group was 15%, after 3 months the proportion of nongranular cells was decreased. After 6 months, multiple hyperplastic nodules were discovered within the pancreatic acini of all 12 rats, and the largest one measured 500 micro in diameter. Each hyperplastic nodule was uniformly composed of larger cells in two folds of normal cells with hyperchromatic muclei and prominent nucleoli together with a few zymogen granules in their cytoplasms. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained abundant dilated endoplasmic reticulum and markedly decreased zymogen granules. Nuclear heterochromatin became finely dispersed with loss of marginal clumping. During the regeneration process, admixture of islet cells with membrance-bounded granules was identified among the clusters of regenerating acinar cells. On the basis of above findings, the induction of hyperplastic nodules in rat pancreas by 4-HAQO was confirmed, and its histogenesis may reflect a nodular hyperplasia of non-granular acinar cells with potential progress as a neoplastic lesion. And the evidence of the hypothesis that the pancreatic exocrine cells and endocrine cells are in same origin, was presented.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

Chronic anteromedial rotatory instability has not been demonstrated to have a satisfactory solution and we have experienced recurrence of the instability after operations. So the authors devised a new operative technique for the TCL (Tibial collateral ligament), that is, burying of the torn end of the ligament beneath the “ㄷ” shaped bony flap. It would better be called advancement and bony reinsertion operation. And we performed modifed MacIntosh tenodesis for the torn anterior cruciate ligament. The results were as follows: l. Of six knees, four (66.6%) rated “good”, two (33.3%) “fair”, and none (O%) “poor” (follow-up period; at least 6 months). 2. The technical problem of the advancement and bony reinsertion operation was discussed.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Tenodesis

PURPOSE: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion is an important treatment modality in children with hydrocephalus. VP shunt infection is a major complication and an important factor that determines the surgery outcome. This 15-year study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of VP shunt infections in pediatric patients treated at our center. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed in patients 18 years old or younger who underwent VP shunt insertion surgery from April 1995 to June 2010. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-seven VP shunt surgeries were performed in a total of 190 pediatric patients (83 females, 107 males). The median age of the patients was 2.4 years (range, 0.02-17.9 years). Having a malignant brain tumor was the most frequent cause for VP shunt insertion. The shunt infection rate was 6.7% (22/327) per 100 operations and 9.5% (18/190) per 100 patients, and the incidence rate was 0.45 infection cases per 100 shunt operations-year. The most common pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n=7) followed by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=1). Ten cases were treated with vancomycin and beta-lactam antibiotic (cephalosporin or carbapenem) combination therapy and 7 cases were treated with vancomycin monotherapy. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 26 days (range, 7 to 58 days). Surgical intervention was performed in 18 cases (18/22, 81.8%). CONCLUSION: Epidemiologic information regarding VP shunt infections in pediatric patients is valuable that will help guide proper antibiotic management. Additional studies on the risk factors for developing VP shunt infections are also warranted.
Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Methicillin Resistance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Vancomycin ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Recently, transsphenoidal approach is regarded as the principal method for the resection of pituitary tumor. The sublabial transseptal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is a classical one, but it has certain limitations and postoperative problems. So various modifications of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy have been proposed. The columellar flap is one of such modified approaches.
Hypophysectomy ; Pituitary Neoplasms

Since the pattern of the frequency distribution of a parasite within a host showed an overdispersed pattern, various statistical models such as Poisson, negative binomial and lognormal distributions have been applied on the population dynamics in host-parasite relations. The observed data on the number of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in a suitable intermediate host, Pseudorasbora parva which were collected from an endemic area, Juk-Rim River, Kim-Hae Goon, South Kyong-Sang Do were applied on the statistical models. The results obtained are as follows: By the calculation of the raw data, 258(94.9 percent) out of 272 fish showed positive to the metacercarial infection of C. sinensis. The mean number of metacercaria in a fish was 335.1. The standard deviation was 250.6 and the mode was observed between 250 and 299. The frequency distribution pattern of metacercariae of C. sinensis within the fish host in surveyed area was fitted to the lognormal distribution (0.05 parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; metacercaria ; Pseudorasbora parva ; frequency distribution ; host

No abstract available.
Humans

A case of Kimuras disease was presented. It seemed that this is the first reported case in Korean literature. The patient was 26 years old male having painless slowly growing tumor-like swelling on his left cheek for 5 months. Mild leukocytosis and marked eosinophilia (27%) were noted in routine laboratory tests. Histopathologically numerous well developed lymphoid follicular structures composed of closely packed lymphocytes and histiocytes were seen in the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Dense eosinophilic infiltrations in and around the follicles were peculiar picture. The literature was reviewed. Its relation to the similar descriptions in western literature under various diffe'rent headings was discussed;
Adult ; Cheek ; Dermis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Head ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Subcutaneous Fat

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False* ; Arteries* ; Fractures, Bone*

Although anterior fusion has several advantages in the management of fracture-dislocations of cervical spine than posterior methods, it has not been used in common. Because, it does not give sufficient stability to prevent the dislodgment of the graft and angular deformity and it requires prolonged rigid external immobilization. In order to promote the stability and to reduce the external support, authors have fixed with plate and screws in anterior spine fusion for various type of fracture-dislocations of cervical spine, and report the results of 29 consecutive cases. Minimum follow-up period was 6 months (Av. 12mos.). Two level fixation after anterior decompression by corpectomy was done in 7 cases. Ambulation was started from the day after operation with aid of orthosis, regardless of the neurological status. Bone union was observed in all, but one expired case, within 2–3 months. There was no failure in fixation and no worsening in neurology. Improvement of neurological status were observed in 17 patient during and follow up periods of treatment, among 23 patient with neurological symptoms on arrival. The observed complications of hoarseness(2 csses), dysphagia(2 cases) and Horner's syndrome(1 case) were improved later, but the patient with pneumonia was expired one month after operation. It is concluded that the procedure is a safe and better alternative for the fracture-dislocations including flexion injury between C2-T1, because it provides good stability, rapid union, short external support and possibility of neural decomprssion.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Neurology ; Orthotic Devices ; Pneumonia ; Spine ; Transplants ; Walking