PURPOSE: Growth hormone(GH) has not only growth promoting effect but also various metabolic effects. We evaluated GH effects by anthrometric data, biochmical data, electrolytes and simple CT in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. METHODS: Nine children with Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS) were studied. The children were treated with GH(0.6U/kg/week) for 6 months. Before and after therapy we measured height, weight, waist, hip, and thigh. Blood sampling for eletrolytes, HgA1C, lipid profiles and other biochemistry were done in all patients before and after therapy. We also compared fat distribution with scan. RESULTS: Height standard deviation (SD) score increased from -0.7 to -0.5 and weight SD score decreased from 5.3 to 4.9. Body mass index(BMI) decreased from 28.2kg/m2 to 27.2kg/m2. But the changes in height, weight and BMI were not significant statistically. The waist/hip ratio decreased from 1.04 to 0.97(P<0.05), Thigh circumference had been decreased from 58.2+/-21.7cm to 49.9+/-6.9cm insignificantly. The visceral fat were decreased from 7,613+/-1,760 to 5,022+/-1,533 after GH therapy, and thigh muscle mass was increased from 6,358+/-1,616 to 7,175+/-2,155 (P<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased and HDL cholesterol increased after therapy although they were insignificant statistically. There were no differences in electrolytes, HgA1C, other biochemistry(Ca, P, protein, albumin, BUN, Cr) before and after therapy. CONCLUSION: In children with PWS, waist/hip ratio and fat mass were reduced and muscle mass was increased after GH therapy. There was tendency that total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased and HDL cholesterol increased after therapy. We confirmed that GH therapy had not only growth promoting effect but also metabolic effect on lipid and protein metabolism in children with PWS.
Biochemistry ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Electrolytes ; Growth Hormone* ; Hip ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Metabolism ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Thigh ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

Background & Objective: EGB 761 is a standardized natural extract used to treat impaired cerebral perfusion and nutrition (cerebrovascular insufficiency) in Korea. Although several animal studies have been conducted, few studies have investigated the clinical effects of EGB 761 in acute stroke. This study assessed the clinical benefit of intravenous EGB 761 in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This retrospective study examined a prospectively collected stroke database. We evaluated 232 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours of symptom onset. All patients were treated with antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents. We compared baseline characteristics between the EGB 761-treated and non-treated groups. The functional outcome measure was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 90 days after stroke onset. Results: Of the 232 patients, 170 received EGB 761 during the first 3 days after arrival in the emergency department. We found no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups, with the exception of atrial fibrillation (p=0.032). After adjusting for baseline factors, intravenous administration of EGB 761 was associated with an improved 90-day functional outcome (mRS ≤2) compared with the control group (odds ratio, 2.56; p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed a clinical benefit of intravenous EGB 761 in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Stroke

Werniche's encephalopathy is clinically characterized by the acute onset of global confusion, ataxia, gaze paresis, and nystagmus. It result from a deficiency in thiamine, an essential coenzyme in intermediate carbohydrate metabolism. The prompt use of thiamine prevents progression of the disease and reverses those lesions that have not yet progressed to the point of fixed structural change. We experienced a case of Wemiches encephalopathy associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, which happens to the patient who are injected only dextrose without thiamine. Therefore, we emphasize the need of thiamine replacement in hyperemesis gravidarum.
Ataxia ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum ; Paresis ; Pregnancy ; Thiamine

sodium hyaluronate in beagle dogs. METHODS:In group 1, hGH(Eutropin, r-hGH) 0.29mg/kg was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs everyday for 7 days. In group 2, 1mg/kg in sustained- release formulation using sodium hyaluronate(SR-hGH), was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs. In group 3, 2mg/kg of the same formulation(SR-hGH) was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs. Blood samplings were done for the measurement of GH and IGF-1 concentrations with ELISA kit(Diagnostic Systems laboratories, Inc., USA) RESULTS:GH concentration in group 1 was below 0.5ng/ml before injection and elevated to 98.1+/-15.7 at 1 hr, 124.2+/-15 at 2 hr, 57.8+/-18.1 at 4 hr, 23.8+/-4.8 at 6hr, 10.8+/-3.7 at 8 hr, 2.8+/-1.6 at 10 hr, 1.0+/-0.7 at 12 hr, and 0.5+/-0.1ng/ml at 24hr after injection. Peak GH concentration was observed in 2 hr and thereafter decreased progressively and returned to basal level at 10 hr after injection. From the 2nd day GH concentration was measured only at 6 hr after daily GH injection, indicating the values of 20.9+/-8.7, 16.2+/-14.9, 23.1+/-8.5, 34.3+/-9.9, 16.1+/-7.0, and 21.8+/-13.0ng/ml at 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th 6th, and 7th day, respectively. GH concentrations in group 2(SR- hGH 1mg/kg) were 136.7+/-22.8 at 1hr, 149.3+/-29.9 at 2hr, 110.6+/-17.8 at 4hr, 103.7+/-18.2 at 6hr, 108.3+/-21.0 at 8hr, 91.4+/-21.4 at 10hr, 79.6+/-15.9 at 12hr, 23.7+/-8.3 at 24hr, 5.5+/-1.5 at 30hr, 0.7+/-0.2 at 48hr, 1.4+/-1.4 at 54hr, and 0.5+/-0.1ng/ml at 72hr after injection. GH concentration was elevated above the basal level for 72hr with the peak at 2hr after injection of SR-hGH of 1mg/kg. GH concentrations in group 3(SR-hGH 2.0mg/kg) were 196.7+/-45.2 at 1hr, 219.4+/-39.8 at 2hr, 198.1+/-38.0 at 4hr, 196.0+/-31.4 at 6hr, 179.2+/-28.3 at 8hr, 151.8+/-19.5 at 10hr, 141.3+/-23.1 at 12hr, 72.9+/-14.7 at 24hr, 43.7+/-14.2 at 30hr, 3.8+/-1.6 at 48hr, 1.6+/-0.5 at 54hr, 0.8+/-0.5 at 72hr, 0.5+/-0.1 at 78hr, and 0.5+/-0.2ng/ml at 120hr. Peak GH concentration occurred at 2hr after injection and remained high concentration till 72hr and returned to basal level thereafter. IGF-1 concentrations in group 1 changed from 190.5+/-68.1ng/ml before injection, to 326.4+/-96.2, 346.4+/-79, 391.4+/-86.9, 417.0+/-96.1, 422.1+/-92.0, 429.9+/-86.4, and 478.0+/-90.2ng/ml at 12hr, 30hr, 54hr, 78hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively. IGF-1 concentrations in group 2 were 128.5+/-37.0 ng/ml before and 268.0+/-64.2, 307.6+/-63.1, 374.8+/-55.3, 335.5+/-39.4, 301.9+/-44.8, 288.5+/-42.5, 272.8+/-51.8, 273.9+/-46.0, 251.1+/-40.9, and 239.2+/-45.0ng/ml at 24hr, 30hr, 48hr, 54hr, 72hr, 78hr, 96hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively after injection. Peak IGF-1 concentration was measured at 48hr and remained in high concentration till 150hr after injection. IGF-1 concentrations in group 3 were 116.0+/-68.9ng/ml before and 365.5+/-118.6, 400.0+/-135.1, 463.6+/-138, 450.2+/-140.0, 337.2+/-122.4, 301.4+/-113.4, 236.3+/-89.1, 226.3+/-75.5, 148.9+/-55.2, and 129.8 48.4ng/ml at 24hr, 30hr, 48hr, 54hr, 72hr, 78hr, 96hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively after injection. Peak IGF-1 concentration was at 48hr and remained in high concentration till 150 hr after injection. There was no significant difference in IGF-I conc between group I and group 3. CONCLUSION: Sustained-release form(1mg or 2mg/kg) of hGH with sodium hyaluronate released GH for 72 hours with the peak level at 2 hours and higher concentration of IGF-I above baseline maintained for 150 hour after injection with peak level at 48 hour. There was no difference in IGF-1 concentration between SR-hGH 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg injection. So sustained release form 1mg/kg will be more effective for GH therapy as weekly injection mode. More extensive study is needed to permit for new therapeutic application.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Growth Hormone* ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Sodium

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally used to identify highly degraded forensic samples, particularly when the extracted DNA is not sufficient for nuclear DNA analysis. However, direct sequencing, the most widely used mtDNA analysis method, is laborious and time-consuming, and precludes the simultaneous analysis of many samples. Here, we describe a rapid and simple screening method for mtDNA analysis in Koreans using single base extension (SBE) methods. Sixteen highly polymorphic mtDNA SNPs from the control region were selected, and a multiplex SBE system was constructed to analyze them. Because the developed system consists of two duplex PCRs, which produce small amplicons with fewer than 270 bp, it works well with highly degraded samples such as old skeletal remains. Using this multiplex SBE system, 145 different haplotypes were expected to be observed from 593 unrelated Koreans. Seventy-three haplotypes were expected to be observed only once, and the most frequent haplotype was expected to occur 80 times. Since the mean number of pairwise differences was estimated to be 4.55, the developed system could be useful to exclude samples that do not match evidence and reference samples. Therefore, the multiplex SBE system used in this study will be a useful tool to analyze many samples simultaneously and to efficiently screen out non-matching mtDNA sequences in forensic casework.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*

Angiosarcomas are rare tumors that are derived from vascular endothelial cells. They may occur in various sites, including the skin, breast, visceral organs and deep soft tissues. The pleura usually a metastatic site from angiosarcomas. However, thirty one cases of primary pleural angiosarcomas have been reported worldwide. Here, we report a 61-year-old man with a primary angiosarcoma of the pleura with a brief review of the literature.
Breast ; Endothelial Cells ; Hemangiosarcoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pleura* ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise patterns and the factors affecting exercise duration in pregnant women. METHODS: The survey was conducted to assess walking and exercise duration in 146 pregnant participants, who live in Gyeongsang area. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression using the SPSS Win 23.0 program. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 31 years, and more than 87% of them were primigravida. The differences in the mean walking duration, the daily exercise duration, and the exercise days of participants before and during pregnancy were not statistically significant, but the exercise duration during pregnancy was decreased compared to that before pregnancy. The factors affecting weekly exercise duration were diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, concern about weight gain during pregnancy, and monthly income. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that development of an educational program to teach proper exercise practices during pregnancy is recommended.
Diabetes, Gestational ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Walking ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
46, XX Disorders of Sex Development* ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Female* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*