OBJECTIVES: To examine emotional and psychological characteristics associated with suicide attempts in depressed patients. METHODS: A sample of 37 inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder or depressive disorder NOS was divided into two groups : lifetime suicide attempters(N=15 ; 40.54%), non-attempters(N=22 ; 59.46%). Beck Depression Scale(BDI), Beck Anxiety Scale(BAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HARS), and MMPI-2 were used to evaluate symptoms severity and psychological characteristics. RESULTS: Suicide attempters scored higher on the BDI though there were no group differences on the HDRS and on the both anxiety scales. Also they showed higher scores on the F, Fb, Pa, RC1, DEP, HEA, PK, AAS among MMPI-2 subscales. Our findings suggest that suicide attempters among depressed patients undergo more severe subjective distress and difficulties in adjustment than non-attempters. Also they were more hostile to others and showed lower trust. Lastly, they showed more somatic complaints and substance related problems. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that suicide attempters among depressed patients have distinct emotional and psychological characteristics. MMPI-2 would be helpful to assess suicidal risk of depressed patients.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Pyrrolidines ; Suicide ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Hamartoma*

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on flipped learning effects applied to university students. Methods: The random effect model was applied to 21 papers to calculate the effect size. To verify the moderation effect, a meta regression analysis and meta ANOVA were performed. Publication bias was verified through a funnel plot, and then an Egger's regression test was conducted. Results: The overall average effect size was .69 (95% CI: .51-.87), showing a median effect size, which was statistically significant. The outcome variables were in the order of learning motivation (Hedges’ g=.83), self-directed learning (Hedges’ g=.78), learning achievement (Hedges’ g=.66), and efficacy (Hedges’ g=.50), which were statistically significant. Conclusion Flipped learning was found to be statistically significant in improving self-directed learning, learning motivation, efficacy, and learning achievement amng university students. It is suggestd that this method be actively applied in university education.

No abstract available.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome*

Immunohistochemical staining on paraffin sections for S-100 protein improved diagnostic accuracy for melanocytic tumor. But specificity of S-100 protein in the diagnosis of melanocytic tumor is very low, because S-100 protein was also expressed in neurogenic tumor and salivary gland tumor. To investigate a specific tumor marker for the malignant melanoma, immunohistochemical staining for HMB-45 and S-100 protein was performed on the paraffin sections of 25 cases of malignant melanoma and 46 cases of nevi. Positive reaction for HMB-45 and S-100 protein was diffusely identified in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Positive ratio for HMB-45 was 100% in malignant melanoma, 92% in junctional component of compound nevus and 0% in intradermal nevus. Positive ratio for S-100 protein was 92% in malignant melanoma, 100% in compound nevus and 100% in intradermal nevus. The sensitivity and specificity for HMB-45 in malignant melanoma were 100%, but those for S-100 protein were 92% in sensitivity and 86.7% in specificity. These results indicate that HMB-45 has a high sensitivity and specificity for malignant melanoma cells and it can be quite useful for the histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma.
Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Markers, Biological

No abstract available.
46, XX Disorders of Sex Development* ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Female* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the CT features and pathogenesis of the electric brain injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 3 patients injured by high-voltage electricity. We evaluated the findings early and delayed periods in each patients. RESULTS: The early CT findings were diffuse brain edema, scalp swelling, and focal hemorrhagic contusion. The findings of delayed period were cerebral infarction, pneumocephalus, brain abscess, and pneumatocele. CONCLUSION: CT was useful to correlate the pathogenesis and variable features of electric brain injuries.
Brain Abscess ; Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Contusions ; Electric Injuries* ; Electricity ; Humans ; Pneumocephalus ; Scalp ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy usually occurs in young or middle-aged adults and is usually bilateral. This syndrome is characterized by the acute onset of multiple, flat, yellow-white lesion of the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium and by the rapid loss of vision. These lesions resolve spontaneously, leaving extensive degeneration of pigment epithelium within a few weeks and visual acuity spontaneously improves in most cases. In the acute stage, fluorescein angiographic appearance of condition is characterized by placoid lesions blocking transmission of choroidal fluorescence in the initial phase, which are gradually stained and fluorescence faintly in the late phase. Older lesions represent residual defects in the pigment epithelium and appear as transmission defect without late staining or leakage of dye. Authors experienced and treated a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in 19-years old male patient, and had a good visual improvement.
Adult ; Choroid ; Epithelium ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

We surveyed the causes of blindness among the 6692 eye patients of 3 hospitals(Seoul, Chunan, Kumi) in 1984. Blindness is defined as visual acuity of 0.1(20/200) or less in better eye with best correction. The representation of the diagnosis of the ocular diseases is based on the examination of the ophthalmologists. The estimated number of blindness is 259(6.74%)in Seoul, 106(8.92%) in Chunan, 70(4.21%) in Kumi with total of 435(6.5%) among the 6692 eye patients. The leading causes of blindness for individual districts are cataract(28.19%), retinal and vitreous diseases(20.46%), trauma (15.06%), diseases of optic nerve(10.81%), corneal diseases(8.10%) in Seoul; cataract(35.81%), corneal diseases(18.87%), global diseases(13.21%), trauma(10.38%), retinal and vitreous diseases(6.60%) in Chunan; and cataract(34.29%), corneal diseases(14.21%), trauma (12.86%), global diseases(8.57%), retinal and vitreous diseases(8.50%) in Kumi. Rates of the blind eyes for the age groups are; 1.2%(under the age of 5), 4.1%(6~9), 10.3%(10~19), 30.8%(20~39), 23.5%(40~59), and 30.1%(above 60). Important causes of blindness in each age group are trauma(43.48%), optic nerve diseases(13.04%), and global diseases(13.04%) for below the age of 10, trauma(28.89%), retinal diseases(17.78%), and optic nerve diseases(13.33%) in 10~19 age group, corneal diseases(19.40%). cataract(18.66%), and retinal diseases(16.42%) in 20~39 age group, cataract(28.43%), retinal diseases(18.63%), and corneal diseases(10.78%) in 40~59 age group and cataract(59.54%), retinal diseases(9.92%), and glaucoma(8.40%) for above 60. There are no significant differences between male and female, right eyes and left eyes in the causes of the blind eyes, and also we make some comparisons with different statistics of domestic and foreign countries.
Blindness* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Retinaldehyde ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity

The 447 cases of skin tumors were studied at the departments of dermatology and surgical pathology, National Medical Center in Seoul during the period of 18 years and 8 months from January, 1959 to August, 1977. The results were as follows: 1) the total number of specimens surveyed in the study was 447, among which benign tumors accoungted for 234 cases and malignant tumors for 213. 2) Male to female ratio for benign tumors was 1.2:1 and for malignant tumors 2.2:1. 3) Among the 234 cases of benign tumors, 67 cases were epidermal cyst. 53 cases of hemangioma and 34 cases of pigmented neni. 4) Among the 2 cases of malignant melanoma. 5) The peak age incidence for benign tumors were below the 2nd decade, The peak ago incidence for malignant tumors were 50th decade. 6) the sites of predilection of the epidermal cysts were trunk, face and neck. The sites of predilection of the hemangiomas and pigmented nevi were face. 7) The sites of peredilection of the squamaous cell carcinomas were penis(27.1%), lower extremities(25.7%) and face(21.5%) The sites of predilection of the basal cell carcinomas were face(83.3%) 8) The ratio of squamous cell carcinoma ws basal cell careinoma was 4:1. 9) The accuracy of clinical dianosis were 42.7% for benign tumors and 79.3% for malignant tumors.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Melanoma ; Neck ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Pathology, Surgical ; Seoul ; Skin*