PURPOSE: Growth hormone(GH) has not only growth promoting effect but also various metabolic effects. We evaluated GH effects by anthrometric data, biochmical data, electrolytes and simple CT in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. METHODS: Nine children with Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS) were studied. The children were treated with GH(0.6U/kg/week) for 6 months. Before and after therapy we measured height, weight, waist, hip, and thigh. Blood sampling for eletrolytes, HgA1C, lipid profiles and other biochemistry were done in all patients before and after therapy. We also compared fat distribution with scan. RESULTS: Height standard deviation (SD) score increased from -0.7 to -0.5 and weight SD score decreased from 5.3 to 4.9. Body mass index(BMI) decreased from 28.2kg/m2 to 27.2kg/m2. But the changes in height, weight and BMI were not significant statistically. The waist/hip ratio decreased from 1.04 to 0.97(P<0.05), Thigh circumference had been decreased from 58.2+/-21.7cm to 49.9+/-6.9cm insignificantly. The visceral fat were decreased from 7,613+/-1,760 to 5,022+/-1,533 after GH therapy, and thigh muscle mass was increased from 6,358+/-1,616 to 7,175+/-2,155 (P<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased and HDL cholesterol increased after therapy although they were insignificant statistically. There were no differences in electrolytes, HgA1C, other biochemistry(Ca, P, protein, albumin, BUN, Cr) before and after therapy. CONCLUSION: In children with PWS, waist/hip ratio and fat mass were reduced and muscle mass was increased after GH therapy. There was tendency that total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased and HDL cholesterol increased after therapy. We confirmed that GH therapy had not only growth promoting effect but also metabolic effect on lipid and protein metabolism in children with PWS.
Biochemistry ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Electrolytes ; Growth Hormone* ; Hip ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Metabolism ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Thigh ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Health Occupations*

No abstract available.
Dendritic Cells, Follicular*

No abstract available.
Albuterol* ; Asthma* ; Gases* ; Inhalation*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Psoriasis*

A case of Dariers disease was presented and the literatures were reviewed. The patient was 20 year old male whose skin lesions revealed normal skin colored, dirty, scaly, keratotic papules with mild itching on face, anterior chest, back, abdomen, axillae, groins and flexural surfaces of extremities. They had a tendency to aggrevate in summer and improve in winter. Histopathologically, suprabasal lacunae, hyperkeratosis, papiIIomatosis, moderate degree of acanthosis and corps ronds in Iacuna were demonstrated in the epidermis. Dermal papillae surrounded with single layer of basal cells proliferated inta the lacunae. Upper dermis revealed mild nonspecific inflammatory cell infiltrates.
Abdomen ; Axilla ; Darier Disease* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Extremities ; Groin ; Humans ; Male ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Thorax ; Young Adult

This study was undertaken to observe the mutagenic occurrence in urine excreted after the ingestion of roast beef. Two healthy nonsmoker persons of both sex were selected for this test, employing two strains (TA98, TA100) of Salmonella typhimurium according to Ames' method. The mutagenic activity began to appear in urine of both sex three hours after ingestion of 300 g of roast beef, gradually increasing until 6 hours and declining thereafter.
Eating* ; Humans* ; Methods ; Red Meat* ; Salmonella typhimurium

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was done to compare factors influencing smartphone addiction in middle school boys and girls. METHODS: Participants were 390 middle school students (boys 198, girls 192) who were living in Seoul. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. RESULTS: Factors influencing smartphone addiction for boys were stress, the motivation to use smartphone as a tool of ostentation and fashion, depression, self-control, and teacher control over the use of smartphone. Factors influencing smartphone addiction for girls were stress, the motivation to use smartphone as a tool of ostentation and fashion. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is necessary to consider gender characteristics in order to develop effective management programs for smartphone addiction in middle school students.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Motivation ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of weight-bearing exercise(WBE) on bone metabolism. METHOD: WBE was performed for 12 weeks by healthy college women. Bone-related parameters were measured four times during this period by evaluating the immunoradiometric assay and enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral densities(BMDs) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after the WBE program. Data was analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, x2-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULT: Osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, increased more in the experimental group than in the control group based on the interaction between time and group(F=3.29 p=.024). Little difference between the two groups was found for the other parameters: urinary deoxypyridinoline, insulin-like growth factorI, parathormone, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus without showing any time interaction between the groups. The femoral trochanter BMD rose in the experimental group while that of the control group fell, showing a significant difference for BMD(t=3.06 p=.005). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for changes in BMD of the forearm, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral ward's triangle. CONCLUSION: These findings supported the WBE is beneficial for increasing bone formation in college women and long-term application is needed to substantiate the effects of WBE as a intervention in promotion of bone-health.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; *Bone Density ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Osteocalcin/blood

BACKGROUND: It is well known that neuronal degeneration can occur after a brief deprivation of energy source. To investigate whether glial astrocyte can induce a phenomenon of delayed cell death after transient energy loss and to see how different are the effects of nifedipine, lidocaine, carnosine and hypothermia on delayed toxicity in astrocyte. METHODS: Human astrocytoma cells (U1242MG) were used in this study. To assess the astrocyte survival during post-ischemic period after transient histotoxic hypoxia, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5, diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used. Compared to MTT test, tryphan blue test was also used to demonstrate membrane damage of affected cells. Studies on intracellular calcium dynamics during ischemic and post-ischemic period were carried out with fluo-3 and flow cytometry system. RESULTS: The percentage survival of astrocyte during post-ischemic period was decreasing with time. Calcium channel blocker nifedipine, sodium and calcium channel blocker lidocaine and free radical scavenger carnosine could not prevent post-ischemic cell damage. But, hypothermia was only an effective method in ameliorating post-ischemic cell death. Intracellular calcium increase during ischemia and post-ischemia was dependent on extracellular calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS: Only hypothermia was effective in reducing astrocyte death during post-ischemia after transient energy depletion. Intracellular calcium alterations during post-ischemia was from extracellular space.
Anoxia* ; Astrocytes* ; Astrocytoma ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Carnosine ; Cell Death ; Extracellular Space ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Ischemia ; Lidocaine ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Nifedipine ; Sodium