The objectives of this study were to examine the changes of birth weight and relationship of birth weight with maternal age and parity. The study population included 13,634 single live births out of 14,346 births delivered at a general hospital in Busan between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1986. Data were obtained from the delivery record. In 1979 the mean birth weight of male was 3,074 gm and that of female to 2,985 gm. In 1986 birth weight of male was increased to 3,266 gm and that of female to 3,210 gm. Low birth weight (< or = 2,500 gm) incidence rate was 7.2% in 1977 and it was increased gradually to 10.4% in 1980 but decreased thereafter to 6.5% in 1986. Incidence rate of overweight infant (4,001 gm < or =) was 3.9% for 10 years and it ranged from 2.9% to 4.6% but no particular changing pattern was observed. The percentage of mothers who had history of induced abortion was decreased from 51.6% in 1979 to 45.1% in 1986. Also, stillbirth rate was decreased from 2.6% in 1977 to 1.5% in 1986. The proportion of the first and second births was increased from 85.4% in 1977 to 96.0% in 1986 and the proportion of mothers of 25-34 years increased from 72.1% in 1977 to 84.7% in 1986. The incidence rates of low birth weight and over weight infant are lower in the first and second births of 25-34 years old mothers than other parities and age groups. In creased mean birth weight and decreased low birth weight incidence rate indicate that the health status of newborn infants has been improved and substantial portion of these changes can be attributed to increase in family planning practice rate and delayed marriage. There is no evidence, however, for increasing incidence rate of overweight infant.
Abortion, Induced ; Birth Weight* ; Busan ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Marriage ; Maternal Age* ; Mothers ; Overweight ; Parity* ; Parturition* ; Stillbirth

No abstract available.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Photophobia ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVEs: Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 770 women with primary (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210) to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of amenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 770 women with primary amenorrhea (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210), chromosomal analysis were performed. RESULTS: 1) The most prevalent age group is 16-20 years of age group with primary amenorrhea and 26-30 years of age group with secondary amenorrhea. 2) Out of 560 cases of primary amenorrhea, 343 cases (61.3%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 217 cases (38.7%) had the abnormal chromosome constitution including 46,XY. 3) In 217 cases of abnormal chromosome of primary amenorrhea, 57 cases (26.3%) had 45,X and 34 cases (15.8%) had the 46,XY, 24 cases (11.0%) had 45,X/46,X,i (Xq), 23 cases (10.6%) had 45,X/46,X,+mar and 14 cases (6.6%) had 45,X/46,XY. 4) Out of 210 cases of secondary amenorrhea, 181 cases (86.2%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 29 cases (13.8%) had 45,X/46,XX. CONCLUSION: High percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was diagnosed in primary amenorrhea and most of them were sex chromosome anomalies. In secondary amenorrhea, the prevalence was lower than primary amenorrhea, so a preselection of patients with secondary amenorrhea for cytogenetic investigations seems to be necessary.
Amenorrhea* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sex Chromosomes

Between sept. 1982 and June 1985, the authors have performed arthroscopic debridement on 32 knees of 30 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Operative procedures including lavage, partial meniscectomy, excision of shelf, partial or total synovectomy of the anterior compartment, debridement of the articular cartilage, removal of loose bodies and multiple drilling of the articular cartilage were variously combined case by case. The follow-up period was between 18 and 52 months, with on average of 30.6 months. Clinical results were evaluated with the modified method of Sprague, III and were classified “Excellent”. “Good”, “Fair” and “Poor”. The data were analyzed by Fishers exact test to clarify the relationship between clinical results and various preoperative factors. The results were as follows: l. Of the total 32 knees, results were “excellent” in 17(53.1%), “good” in 9(28.1%), “fair” in 3 (9.4%) and “poor” in 3(9.4%) knees respectively. Satisfactory results, including “excellent” and good, were achieved in more than 3/4 cases(81.2%) . 2. Of the 3 “poor” cases, 2 cases seemed to be affected by major depression and the other one case had no specific cause to be considered. 3. The unsatisfactory cases, including “fair” and “poor” cases, commonly had degenerative changes of patellofemoral joint arthroscopically although the correlation between it and the results were not significantly proved statistically(P>0.05). 4. The correlation between amount of effusion, degree of degeneration of articular cartilage and amount of fibrinoid debris were not significantly proved statistically(P>0.05). 5. The correlation between clinical results and amout of effusion. degreq or site of degeneration of articular cartilage, degree of flexion contracture, meniscal tear, synovectomy, debridement of articular cartilage and number of operative procedures could not be significanly proved statistically. In conclusion, arthroscopic treatment of the primary osteoarthritis of the knee shows relatively satisfactory results in most cases with fewcomplications and a short rehabilitation period, and the procedure could be recommended as a process inbetween conservative treatment and definitive treatment such as total knee replacement. But any specific relationship between clinical results and various preoperative factors could not be proved statistically. The clinical results seemed to be attected by individual unknown factors and further precise analysis and long term follow-up will be necessary to clarify them.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage, Articular ; Contracture ; Debridement ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Rehabilitation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tears ; Therapeutic Irrigation

The authors experienced 2 cases of bacterial intracranial aneurysm, the mortality of which has been reported to by very high and the management of which is controversial. Some authors have recommended observation with serial angiography during antimicrobial therapy and surgery for aneurysms that enlarge or remain patent. Others have argued for promt surgical removal. Bothof our patients had multiple aneurysms and were treated with appropriate, high-dose antibiotics, but intracerebral homorrhage(ICH) occurred during antibiotiecs treatment in both cases and they underwnet emergent operation, but both died.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Mortality

Behcet's disease is characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcers and ocular and cutaneous inflammatory lesions. Cardiovascular involvement, which may be artrial or venous, is rare but carries a particularly poor prognosis. One of the known vascular complications of Behcet's disease is aneurysm formation or venous thrombosis. We recently experienced a Behect's disease with multiple arterial aneurysms and thrombosis and report this case with review of literatures.
Aneurysm* ; Prognosis ; Thrombosis* ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis ; Venous Thrombosis

No abstract available.

Neonatal and obstetrical problems related to the low birth weight infants were evaluated by a retrospective review of the medical records of the 186 low birth weight infants born at Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 years and 8 months from May 1, 1983 to February 28, 1987. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of the low birth weight infants was 4.98% among 3,803 live births. 2. Male to female ratio was 1.02:1. 3. The incidence of the low birth weight infants was lowest in mothers of 25 to 29 years, increased in mothers of 19 years of less and 30 to 39 years significantly. 4. There was no difference in the incidence of low birth weight infants between primiparous and multiparous mothers. 5. Common obstetrical complications associated with low weight infants were multiple pregnancy, toxemia and premature rupture of membrane in order of frequency. 6. Common neonatal problems in low birth weight infants were jaundice, idiopathic respiratory, distress syndrome, asphyxia and metabolic derangement such as hypocalcemia and hypoglycemia in order of frequency.
Asphyxia ; Clinical Study* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Live Birth ; Male ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Toxemia

A case of Wegener's granulomatosis is described, with special attention focused on the typical histologic findings and involvement of both middle ear and lung. The patient is a 37-year-old man presented with four-month history of cough and sputum. He had a past history of surgery of both ears because of otitis media followed by left facial palsy. Chest radiographs showed variable sized ill defined nodules in both lower lobes with internal airspace consolidation. Histologic preparations of the open lung biopsy specimens demonstrated a diffusely scattered palisading micro and macrogranulomas with central focus of neutrophils and necrotic collagen surrounded by histiocytes, histiocytic giant cells. Fibrinoid necrosis involved blood vessels and lung parenchyma. Chronic inflammation, diffuse granulation tissue formation and irregular fibrosis are also found in the lung parenchyma. The histologic findings of middle ear which was previously biopsied showed scattered palisading ill defined microgranulomas mixed with fibrotic tissue.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Collagen ; Cough ; Ear ; Ear, Middle* ; Facial Paralysis ; Fibrosis ; Giant Cells ; Granulation Tissue ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung* ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Otitis Media ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sputum ; Vasculitis ; Wegener Granulomatosis*