The objectives of this study were to examine the changes of birth weight and relationship of birth weight with maternal age and parity. The study population included 13,634 single live births out of 14,346 births delivered at a general hospital in Busan between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1986. Data were obtained from the delivery record. In 1979 the mean birth weight of male was 3,074 gm and that of female to 2,985 gm. In 1986 birth weight of male was increased to 3,266 gm and that of female to 3,210 gm. Low birth weight (< or = 2,500 gm) incidence rate was 7.2% in 1977 and it was increased gradually to 10.4% in 1980 but decreased thereafter to 6.5% in 1986. Incidence rate of overweight infant (4,001 gm < or =) was 3.9% for 10 years and it ranged from 2.9% to 4.6% but no particular changing pattern was observed. The percentage of mothers who had history of induced abortion was decreased from 51.6% in 1979 to 45.1% in 1986. Also, stillbirth rate was decreased from 2.6% in 1977 to 1.5% in 1986. The proportion of the first and second births was increased from 85.4% in 1977 to 96.0% in 1986 and the proportion of mothers of 25-34 years increased from 72.1% in 1977 to 84.7% in 1986. The incidence rates of low birth weight and over weight infant are lower in the first and second births of 25-34 years old mothers than other parities and age groups. In creased mean birth weight and decreased low birth weight incidence rate indicate that the health status of newborn infants has been improved and substantial portion of these changes can be attributed to increase in family planning practice rate and delayed marriage. There is no evidence, however, for increasing incidence rate of overweight infant.
Abortion, Induced ; Birth Weight* ; Busan ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Marriage ; Maternal Age* ; Mothers ; Overweight ; Parity* ; Parturition* ; Stillbirth

This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Photophobia ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

OBJECTIVEs: Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 770 women with primary (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210) to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of amenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 770 women with primary amenorrhea (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210), chromosomal analysis were performed. RESULTS: 1) The most prevalent age group is 16-20 years of age group with primary amenorrhea and 26-30 years of age group with secondary amenorrhea. 2) Out of 560 cases of primary amenorrhea, 343 cases (61.3%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 217 cases (38.7%) had the abnormal chromosome constitution including 46,XY. 3) In 217 cases of abnormal chromosome of primary amenorrhea, 57 cases (26.3%) had 45,X and 34 cases (15.8%) had the 46,XY, 24 cases (11.0%) had 45,X/46,X,i (Xq), 23 cases (10.6%) had 45,X/46,X,+mar and 14 cases (6.6%) had 45,X/46,XY. 4) Out of 210 cases of secondary amenorrhea, 181 cases (86.2%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 29 cases (13.8%) had 45,X/46,XX. CONCLUSION: High percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was diagnosed in primary amenorrhea and most of them were sex chromosome anomalies. In secondary amenorrhea, the prevalence was lower than primary amenorrhea, so a preselection of patients with secondary amenorrhea for cytogenetic investigations seems to be necessary.
Amenorrhea* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sex Chromosomes

Between sept. 1982 and June 1985, the authors have performed arthroscopic debridement on 32 knees of 30 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Operative procedures including lavage, partial meniscectomy, excision of shelf, partial or total synovectomy of the anterior compartment, debridement of the articular cartilage, removal of loose bodies and multiple drilling of the articular cartilage were variously combined case by case. The follow-up period was between 18 and 52 months, with on average of 30.6 months. Clinical results were evaluated with the modified method of Sprague, III and were classified “Excellent”. “Good”, “Fair” and “Poor”. The data were analyzed by Fishers exact test to clarify the relationship between clinical results and various preoperative factors. The results were as follows: l. Of the total 32 knees, results were “excellent” in 17(53.1%), “good” in 9(28.1%), “fair” in 3 (9.4%) and “poor” in 3(9.4%) knees respectively. Satisfactory results, including “excellent” and good, were achieved in more than 3/4 cases(81.2%) . 2. Of the 3 “poor” cases, 2 cases seemed to be affected by major depression and the other one case had no specific cause to be considered. 3. The unsatisfactory cases, including “fair” and “poor” cases, commonly had degenerative changes of patellofemoral joint arthroscopically although the correlation between it and the results were not significantly proved statistically(P>0.05). 4. The correlation between amount of effusion, degree of degeneration of articular cartilage and amount of fibrinoid debris were not significantly proved statistically(P>0.05). 5. The correlation between clinical results and amout of effusion. degreq or site of degeneration of articular cartilage, degree of flexion contracture, meniscal tear, synovectomy, debridement of articular cartilage and number of operative procedures could not be significanly proved statistically. In conclusion, arthroscopic treatment of the primary osteoarthritis of the knee shows relatively satisfactory results in most cases with fewcomplications and a short rehabilitation period, and the procedure could be recommended as a process inbetween conservative treatment and definitive treatment such as total knee replacement. But any specific relationship between clinical results and various preoperative factors could not be proved statistically. The clinical results seemed to be attected by individual unknown factors and further precise analysis and long term follow-up will be necessary to clarify them.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage, Articular ; Contracture ; Debridement ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Rehabilitation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tears ; Therapeutic Irrigation

Hemorrhagic shock is one of the most common causes of death in patients with multiple trauma and therefore rapid control of bleeding is the main strategy to save these patients. Resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been applied in several trauma cases and because of the effectiveness of this procedure it has been adopted in the trauma field. Herein, we report the first successful case of REBOA in Korea performed on a 46-year-old man with hemorrhagic shock after a fall from a height of 14-stories. The patient visited our hospital emergency room with hypovolemic shock, we performed Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta under bed side blind technique. His vital sign was stabilized after procedure, then we could performed endovascular bleeding control. The patient was discharged on his 33rd in-hospital day without invasive procedure and major scar.
Aorta* ; Balloon Occlusion* ; Cause of Death ; Cicatrix ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; Shock* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Vital Signs

Baby walkers have been a major cause of injuries in young children. The main purpose of this study is to identify the pattern of injuries associated with baby walker. The data were collected from May 13 to June 15, 1998 from 438 mothers who have used or are using baby walkers for their children aged average 6 month old(range 1-33 month). It was founded that 19.2%(84 infants) of these children had walker-related accidents. The types of injuries included 'falling down'(52.4%), 'tiping over'(21.4%), 'being crashed into the wall'(17.9%), and burns(1.2%). These injuries predominantly involved the head and neck region(88%). The majority of injuries were minor, and most injuries occurred at home with the mother present. The most common reason to use the baby walker was to keep the infant happy and occupied. Although many parents used walker to promote walking, there was no supportive evidence that walkers helped babies learn to walk sooner. In conclusion, injuries among infants who use walkers are minor, but common. Also, baby walkers may cause a fatal injury to some infants. Therefore, child safety warning label policies, anticipatory safety guidance and quality control of infant walkers are needed to prevent injuries associated with a infant walker.
Child ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Equipment* ; Mothers ; Neck ; Parents ; Quality Control ; Walkers ; Walking

Most histories of senile dementia begin with Alois Alzheimer's description in 1906 of the first case of Alzheimer's disease. However, the history of senile dementia is quite rich, dating back to the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers and physicians, so the history of dementia is probably as old as mankind itself. Although senile dementia has been recognized as a condition of aged individuals since at least the time of Pythagoras in the 7th century B.C., because it was dismissed as an inevitable feature of aging, it remained largely an uninvestigated disorder until the 19th century. An introduction of a scientific approach to clinical observation and the systematized classification of mental disorders in the mid-19th century that senile dementia began to be differentiated from other dementias, and was established as its own defined class of mental disorder. The identification of Alzheimer's disease at the onset of the 20th century was a turning point for the understanding of senile dementia, and the concepts and histological findings presented by the early researchers of Alzheimer's disease remain relevant still today. Here the author traces the history of the evolution of our current conceptualization of Alzheimer's disease from the Greek-Roman concept of age-associated dementia.
Aged ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia ; Humans ; Mental Disorders

Lhermitte-Duclos disease of the cerebellum manifests itself as a slowly growing mass formed by abnormal neurons that appear more malformative than tumoral. Although most cases show satisfactory clinical evolution, several cases, not recognized in life, died abruptly, usually from respiratory arrest. We recently experienced a 19 year old male, who died suddenly during alcohol drinking. At autopsy, the cerebellum revealed thickening of the folia over two limited areas. Microscopically, the lesion was characterized by proliferation of abnormal neuronal cells with excessive myelination of their axons, disappearance of Purkinie cells and greatly reduced white mater. Theories regarding the pathogenesis of Lhermitte-Duclos disease were reviewed and discussed.

No abstract available.