No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

No abstract available.
Colon*

No abstract available.
HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

PURPOSE: Emotional and behavioral disturbances have been reported in severe short stature children. The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial problems in children with Growth hormone deficiency(GHD), comparing with their normal height siblings. METHODS: Twenty three children with GHD(17 boys and 6 girls, mean age:13.1+/-2.8 yrs) were included. Their normal height siblings(8 boys and 2 girls, mean age:12.3+/-2.9 yrs) were included as control group. Parents of all participating children completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Patients 10 years and older completed the Youth Self Report. RESULTS: 1)Internalizing problem scores(somatic complaints, anxiety, depression, social incompetence) were higher in GHD compared to control group(49.0+/-15.0 vs 43.2+/-6.2, P<0.05). Externalizing problem scores and social competences were not different between GHD and control group. 2) Total problem scores in GHD were not different by sex. 3)Total problem scores were not different between idiopathic GHD and organic GHD. 4)Attention problems(r=0.45, P<0.05), delinquent behavior(r=0.49, P=0.01) and aggressive behavior(r=0.51, P<0.01) increased by age. 5)Height SDS negatively correlated with social problem(r=-0.47, P<0.05) and delinquent behavior(r=-0.61, P<0.01). Height SDS also negatively correlated with somatic complaints(r=-0.75, P<0.01), anxiety and depression(r=-0.66, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Internalized problems such as somatic complaints, anxiety and depression were higher in GHD than control group. Behavioral problem scores were increased by age and behavioral problem scores were correlated with height deficit. When we treat GHD children, appropriate medical and psychological counseling should be included.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Counseling ; Depression ; Female ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Parents ; Self Report ; Siblings

We conducted a retrospective study of 41 cases of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with radical nephrectomy by our department between January 1987 and December 1993. The prognostic pathological parameters considered were tumor extension (pT stage), nuclear grading, histological grading, cell type, histologic growth pattern and tumor size. In the univariate analysis by log-rank test, three parameters showed prognostic significance, including pT stage, nuclear grading and tumor size. However, in the multivariate analysis using Cox's regressional hazard model, only two parameters including pT stage (p<0.001), nuclear grade (p<0.05) were found to have significantly independent prognostic value. But, nuclear grade considered in a given stage provided no significant influence (p>0.05). We think that nuclear grading cannot predict the outcome of patients at the same surgical stage. These results suggest that pathological stage of RCC may be the most important prognostic factor and the nuclear grade of tumor may provide additional important prognostic information.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephrectomy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Infection Control*

It has been proven that the newborn screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism are very important for its early detection and the early treatment of congenital It has been proven that the newborn screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism are very important for its early detection and the early treatment of congenital hypothyroidism can ameliorate and possibly reverse its consequences. Treatment with L-thyroxine is started in case of suspicious hypothyroidism at the first visit. Serum concentration of total and free thyroxine become normal within 1week after start of therapy but TSH values become normal from 2 months to 6 months after L-thyroxine therapy. The possible explanations for prolonged TSH elevation in congenital hypothyroidism are poor compliance for therapy, an inadequate dose of L-thyroxine, elevated threshold for thyrotropin suppression and two novel mutations in the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor gene in a child with resistance to TSH. Authors have experienced two cases of prolonged TSH elevation with normal T3 and T4 levels till 18months and 27 months of age after optimal L-thyroxine therapy and literature were reviewed.
Child ; Compliance ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

Postrenal failure caused by obstruction of a single functioning kidney or by bilateral ureteral obstruction due to malignant neoplasms or stones is the most common indication for percutaneous nephrostomy. Recently the development of improved X-ray techniques such as image intensifier, ultrasonography and C-T guided puncture equipment provided a safe and effective method for percutaneous nephrostomy. We report 10 patients(11 kidneys) underwent percutaneous nephrostomy due to postrenal failure secondary to malignant neoplasms and stones. Renal function returned to normal in 7 patients of the 10 patients. The levels of BUN and creatinine decreased in 2 to 16 days and stabilized at normal levels. But in 3 patients, the levels of BUN and creatinine markedly decreased(BUN : over 30 mg %, creatinine : over 3 mg %), but did not reach the normal levels, Complications of the percutaneous nephrostomy were present in 5 patients, in which there were two frequent obstructions of the catheter, one mild bleeding, one catheter displacement and one high fever.
Catheters ; Creatinine ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Punctures ; Renal Insufficiency ; Ultrasonography ; Ureteral Obstruction

The association of abnormalities of the optic nerves, optic chiasm, and optic tracts with anomalies of the midline structures in the brain-an absent septum pellucidum etc was reported and called "septo-optic dysplasia". Also, it was noted that septo-optic dysplasia could be associated with hypopituitary dwarfism. It occurs more commonly in first born children and children born to young or diabetic mothers. We report a case of septo-optic dysplasia with literature, who had complained of severe visual impairment associated with nystagmus, bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, absent septum pellucidum, and normal range of hormone studies.
Child ; Dwarfism ; Humans ; Mothers ; Optic Chiasm ; Optic Nerve ; Reference Values ; Septo-Optic Dysplasia* ; Septum Pellucidum ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Pathways

OBJECTIVES: To develop reliable tools for measuring communication skills in schizophrenia, the present study proposed the concept of communication intelligence, consisting of conversational competence, emotional competence, and empathic competence, and explored its neurobiological underpinnings using regional gray matter volume with healthy people. METHODS: Communicative intelligence scores were obtained from 126 healthy young participants. Correlation analyses between regional volume distributions and communication intelligence subcomponents were conducted using voxel-based morphometry of structural MRI. RESULTS: The significant positive correlations between the regional gray matter volumes with conversational competence were found mainly at the ventromedial frontal gyrus while the negative correlations between the bilateral middle frontal gyrus. With emotional competence, the volume of right superior temporal gyrus was positively and that of bilateral insula was negatively correlated. With empathic competence, the volume of the left middle frontal gyrus was positively and that of the insula was negatively correlated. CONCLUSION: Each of the subcomponents of communicative intelligence scores showed distinctive neurobiological underpinnings. The regions for the subcomponents, which constitute a common network for social cognition and emotion, are highly associated with the regions of the schizophrenia pathology. In conclusion, communicative intelligence scales have neurobiological basis to evaluate social skills of patients with schizophrenia.
Cognition ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Competency ; Pathology ; Schizophrenia ; Weights and Measures