No abstract available.
Leprosy*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadotropins* ; Mice* ; Oocytes*

Although there are many reports on the splenic (systemic) T cell response after Toxoplasma gondii infection, little information is available regarding the local T cell responses of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) following peroral infection with bradyzoites. Mice were infected with 40 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, and then sacrificed at days 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 postinfection (PI). The cellular composition and T cell responses of PEC and IEL were analyzed. The total number of PEC and IEL per mouse increased after infection, but the ratio of increase was higher in IEL. Lymphocytes were the major component of both PEC and IEL. The relative percentages of PEC macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly at day 1 and 4 PI, whereas those of IEL did not change significantly. The percentage of PEC NK1.1 and gamma delta T cells peaked at day 4 PI (p < 0.0001), and CD4 and CD8 alpha T cells increased continuously after infection. The percentages of IEL CD8 alpha and gamma delta T cells decreased slightly at first, and then increased. CD4 and NK1.1 T cells of IEL did not change significantly after infection. IFN-gamma-producing PEC NK1.1 T cells increased significantly from day 1 PI, but the other T cell subsets produced IFN-gamma abundantly thereafter. The proportion of IEL IFN-gamma-producing CD8 alpha and gamma delta T cells increased significantly after infection, while IEL NK1.1 T cells had similar IFN-gamma production patterns. Taken together, CD4 T cells were the major phenotype and the important IFN-gamma-producing T cell subsets in PEC after oral infection with T. gondii, whereas CD8 alpha T cells had these roles in IEL. These results suggest that PEC and IEL comprise different cell differentials and T cell responses, and according to infection route these factors may contribute to the different cellular immune responses.
Acute Disease ; Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; Interferon Type II/*biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Toxoplasmosis/*immunology

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether deep vein thrombosis (DVT) predominantly occurred on a particular side in the pelvic and lower extremity veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 259 consecutive patients with leg swelling, 65 were confirmed to have DVT in the pelvis and lower extremities, and enrolled in this study. The serum levels of initial D-dimer, antithrombin III, tissue plasminogen activator, factor VIII, proteins C and S, anticardiolipin antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM and lupus anticoagulant were measured and analyzed retrospectively. Lower extremity venous system was divided into 11 anatomic segments on each side, and thrombotic involvement in each segment was recorded to determine the laterality of thrombotic involvement for each patient. The presence of thrombus in a specific vein was assigned using a Thrombus Scoring System (TSS) score of 1. Predominant direction was determined based on the TpSS score for each side. RESULTS: Left-side predominat DVT (57%) was most frequent. Patients with both-side equivalent DVT had the highest total TSS score (P=0.022). The predominant side was significantly different between men (right 44.1%) and women (left 74.2%) (P=0.022). Patients with both-side equivalent DVT had the highest mean age (69.3+/-9.9 years) as well as the highest mean levels of initial D-dimer (13.8+/-20.7 microg/mL) and anticardiolipin antibody IgM (13.4+/-22.8 MPL) indicating increased coagulability. CONCLUSION: In the current study, left-side predominant DVT is most frequent in pelvis and lower extremities, and this phenomenon is more apparent in women. And both-side equivalent DVT is associated with the most advanced age and hypercoagulability.
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; Antithrombin III ; Factor VIII ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Leg ; Lower Extremity* ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ; Male ; Pelvis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombophilia ; Thrombosis ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Veins* ; Venous Thrombosis*

Methods of internal fixation for displaced intercondylar eminence fractures of tibia are percutaneous pinning, pull-out knot with wire or nylon and screw fixation. We tried experimental tensile test on four different fixation methods with 60 fresh pig knees. The results were as follows. 1. In our experimental study, the maximum tensile strength(M.T.S.) was recorded average 73.49N in the group of percutaneous pinning, 133.01N in Ethilon used group, 198.01N in wire used group and 275.05N in screw fixed group. 2. The group of percutaneous pinning with K-wires showed the lowest value of M.T.S., therefore, this method of fixation must be discarded. 3. The M.T.S of pull-out knot tie was about twice as high as that of percutaneous pinning. But the method of knotting should be improved because of the failure around the knot. 4. The group of screw fixation showed the highest value of M.T.S., but this method of fixation has some problems, like as arthrotomy or difficulty of removal of hardware.
Knee ; Nylons ; Tibia*

No abstract available.
Pancreas*

Weber-Christian disease is a relapsing, febrile, nodular, nonsuppurative inflammation of the subcutaneous fat tissue. Many authors reported these cases which illustrate the great variability of the clinical manifestation, such as acute or chronic, fulminating or transient, febrile or non febrile, systemic or cutaneous. Two of our cases have had recurrent painful subeutaneous nodules without fever for several years. Biopsy showed a nonspecific inflammatory panniculitis with lymphocytes chiefly, and small amount of histiocytes and foamy cells. It should be suggested Weber-Christian disease when subcutaneous nodules appear recurrently same areas of the whole body surface except anterior aspects of tibia even if no fever as systemic manifestation. Treatment with steroid and chloroquine diphosphete produced good improvement.
Biopsy ; Chloroquine ; Fever ; Histiocytes ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Panniculitis ; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative* ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Tibia

The eye is a common target organ of the allergy, and allergic conjunctivitis is the most common of eye diseases. Clinical manifestations of allergic conjunctivitis are acute bilateral red, itchy, and watery eyes. The presence of conjuncitival eosinophilia may be consided to be a diagnostic indicator of allergic conjunctivitis. ECP is a quantifiable toxic product secreted by activated cosinc phils. VCAM-1 promotes adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium in vitro and may promote imflammation in vivo. The objective of this study is to measure eosinophil count, ECP and sVCAM-1 levels of tears and sera in patients with acute allergic conjunctivitis and normal subjects and to assess the correlation of these mediators with the severity of the disease and the clinical usefulness. Seventeen subjects were selected on the basis of clinical manifestations, history, skin prick test, total IgE. A microcapillary tube was used to collect the tears from the inner canthus, conjunctival epithelia were obtained for eosinophil count by scraping the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The level of ECP was measured by CAP system (Kabi-Pharmacia, Sweden), sVCAM-1 was measured by ELISA (R&D, USA). Serum IgE and eosinophil count were in creased in 10 patients, allergic skin prick test were positive in 11 subjects (D.p: 9, D.f: 8), eosinophilia in conjunctival epithelium were present in 11 subjects (4 patients: > 3/HPF, 7 patients: 1-3/HPF). ECP in tears were increased in patients significantly (12.0+8.0 vs 3.9+3.8 ng/ml, p=0.01), but not in serum (52.5+43.1 vs 28.3+25.9 ng/ml). There is no significant correlation between eosinophil count and ECP in serum and tears (p>0.05, r-=0.19). Serum sVCA-M-1 level is significant different between patients and controls (1916.5+756.0 vs 1147.2+146.1 micro gram/ml, p=0.01), sVCAM-1 is significantly correlated to eosinophil count (p=0.01, r=0.56) and ECP (p<0.05, r=0.65). In conclusion, eosinophil and ECP in tears may be very important role in allergic conjunctivitis and are useful indicators of the disease. The elevation of sVCAM-1 in serum may be interpreted simply as marker of the presence of non-specific inflammation.
Cell Adhesion* ; Child* ; Conjunctiva ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic* ; Endothelium ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Epithelium ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Skin ; Tears* ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Two hundred and eighty six cases of the fracture of the tibial shaft treated at Orthopedic Department of the Chosun University Hospital during the period from January 1974 to December, 1978. The following results were obtained. 1. Most common cases of the tibial shaft fractures were traffic accidents (66.1%). 2. The incidence of trauma was high in the young man, most frequent in the 2nd and 3rd decade (43.0%). 3. The evaluation was done according to the classification of Ellis. Among 286 cases of the fractures of tibial shaft, 139 being mild severity, 70 moderate severity and 77 major severity. 4. The group of mild severity at the fracture of upper 1/3 of tibial shaft was shown the best prognosis and the average healing period was 9.3 weeks. 5. The wound infections in the open fractures of tibial shaft were revealed 37 cases (35%) and 8 cases of chronic osteomyelitis (8%). 6. Of 54 cases, we experienced 38 cases of delayed union (13.3%), 16 cases of non-union (5.6%) and the highest rate of delayed or non-union was shown in the group of major severity at the fracture of lower 1/3 of tibiai shaft. 7. The open reduction by the compression plating reduced the time of healing period and delayed the time of healing period by the intramedullary nailing.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Incidence ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Prognosis ; Wound Infection

There is a great difference of opinion regarding the treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus. Many authors suggested that there are essentially four basic methods of treatment, but the choice of treatment depends on the surgeons preference, the type of fracture, and the age of the patient. We obtained the following results in 11 cases of calcaneal fractures involving subtalar joint which were treated by axial fixation at our hospital from 1977 to 1981. 1. The favourable results were obtained in 5 cases of 6 feet of tongue type fractures and in 3 cases of 5 feet of joint depression fractures. 2. Even if the joint depression type fracture which is not severely comminuted, the treatment with axial fixation is thought to be good method. 3. Axial fixation must be tried in three faces of reduction which are reestablishment of Bohler angle and subtalar joint and reduction of lateral bulging of calcaneus. The results were more excellent in which reduction is achieved near anatomical position.
Calcaneus ; Clinical Study ; Depression ; Foot ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Methods ; Subtalar Joint ; Surgeons ; Tongue