No abstract available.
Creatinine* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

This study was undertaken on 120 healthy primary school children (male 60, female 60), who live in a fishing village, Geo-Mun island, Chulla-Namdo, in order to investigate normal value of red blood cell. Ages of the children were ranged from six years to twelve years. The author cheked the number of red blood cell, hemoglobin level, hematcrit, mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC). MCV, MCH, and MCHC were calulated by formula of Wintrobe. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The mean value of RBC count was 4,500,000/mm3(range : 3,470,000-5,850,000/mm3) 2. The mean value of hemoglobin level was 12.5gm/dl(range: 11.0~14.0gm/dl). 3. The mean value of hematcrit was 37.0%(range: 32~42%). 4. The mean value of MCV was 83.5 cub. micron(range 71.0~105.3 cub. micron.) 5. The mean value of MCH was 28.3rr(range: 22.2~39.7rr). 6. The mean value of MCHC was 33.8gm/100ml (range: 32.4~35.9/100 ml).
Child* ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes* ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Values*

No abstract available.
Epilepsies, Partial* ; Paragonimiasis*

No abstract available.
Birth Weight* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy

Recently, water birth - labor and/or delivery under warm water - is acceptable and natural to many foreign countries as a method of gentle birth. Although some limitations after water birth were reported, a recent international conference explored many of the issuses and indicated the potential scale and the advantages for its inclusion among the options for labor and delivery under water. We experienced a case of water birth who underwent labor and delivery under water. She delivered normal healthy female baby without conventional episiotomy. No obstetrical ans fetal complications were observed during entire procedure of water birth. So, we report this case with brief review of the literatures.
Episiotomy ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition*

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans ; Male* ; Mesothelioma*

OBJECTIVE: Although marker chromosome is defined as an abnormal chromosome in which no part can be identified, derivative chromosomes with structural abnormalities of unknown origin are also called as marker chromosomes conventionally. The clinical significance of a marker chromosome is determined according to the origin of marker chromosome. In this study reverse painting fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) methods were employed to elucidate the origin of marker chromosomes in 5 clinical cases. METHODS: Reverse painting probes were generated from five copies of each marker chromosomes microdissected with micromanipulator, amplified with DOP-PCR, and labeled with fluorochromes. The probes were hybridized to normal metaphases. For CGH, normal control and patients' DNA were directly labeled with spectrum-red-dUTP and spectrum-green-dUTP by CGH nick translation kit, and hybridized to normal reference metaphases. The CGH images were captured with a computer controlled fluorescence microscope equipped with a CCD camera and analyzed by Cytovision workstation. RESULTS: Five marker chromosomes were identified as follows (1) derivative chromosome 15 inducing partial trisomy of 15pter->q21, (2) isochromosome of 18p causing 18p tetrasomy, (3) short arm of chromosome 5 causing 5p trisomy (4) small accessory chromosome originated from centromeric region of chromosome Xq11->q12 (5) der(17) with inverted duplication of the short arm of chromosome 17. In all cases the origin of each marker chromosomes were identified successfully with reverse painting FISH, and these results were concordant with the CGH profiles. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that combined reverse painting FISH and CGH is a rapid, convinient and powerful tool to identify the origin of marker chromosomes and derivative chromosomes caused by various chromosome abnormalities such as translocation, duplication, deletion.
Arm ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization* ; DNA ; Fluorescence* ; Fluorescent Dyes ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Isochromosomes ; Metaphase ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Tetrasomy ; Trisomy

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Pulmonary*

Currently, there are a few reports on viral coinfection that causes an acute watery diarrhea in Korean children. So, to evaluate the features of coinfectious viral agents in children with acute watery diarrhea, we enrolled 155 children with acute watery diarrhea from July 2005 to June 2006. Fecal samples were collected and evaluated for various viral infections such as rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. The mean (+/-standard deviation) age of the children was 2.71+/-2.37 yr. The detection rate of viral agents was most common in children between the ages of 1 and 3 yr. Rotavirus was detected in 63 children (41.3%), norovirus in 56 (36.2%), adenovirus in 11 (7.1%), and astrovirus in 1 (0.6%). Regarding rotavirus, there were 38 (60.3%) cases with monoinfection and 25 (39.7%) with coinfection. For norovirus, there were 33 (58.9%) cases with monoinfection and 23 (41.1%) with coinfection. Coinfection with rotavirus and norovirus was most common, and occurred in 20/155 cases (12.9%) including coinfection with adenovirus. So, rotavirus and norovirus were the most common coinfectious viral agents in our study population with acute watery diarrhea.
Acute Disease ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology ; Astroviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea/epidemiology/*virology ; Feces/virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Norovirus/isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, school violence has been increasing and this situation is complicated by various factors. The objective of this study is to explore the distribution of the participants' roles and to examine the psychopathology associated with these roles among middle school students. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 490 middle school students completed the Participant Role Questionnaire (PRQ) for classifying the participants' roles in a bullying situation. The Korean-Youth Self Report (K-YSR), Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and Parent Adolescent Communication Inventory (PACI) were also included to evaluate the psychopathology of the students. RESULTS: The distribution rates of the bully, assistant, reinforcer, defender and outsider groups were 4.1%, 3.1%, 5.3%, 53.7%, and 32.0%, respectively. Among the syndrome scales of K-YSR, almost each items' and the total scores (p=0.049), RCMAS (p=0.000), PACI (p=0.000), and RSE (p=0.000) were significantly different among all group. The average scores on the K-YSR and RCMAS were the highest in the assistant and reinforcer groups. CONCLUSION: The assistant and reinforcer groups showed more severe psychopathologies. This means that they suffered from more difficulties than the other groups. Therefore, they need more intensive therapeutic interventions. Except for the defender group, who prevented bullying, the outsider group was the largest group. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that can change outsiders to defenders should be employed for the prevention of bullying in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Bullying* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Manifest Anxiety Scale ; Parents ; Psychopathology* ; Self Report ; Violence ; Weights and Measures