We report a case of cerebriform intradermal nevus. a cause of cutis verticis gyrata that clinically they resembled neurofibroma and revealed histopathologic finding consistent with intradermal nevus. The patient was a 6 year-old boy, who had a 17x18cm, soft, convoluted. pigmented mass over the parietal and occipital regions. The lesion had been present since birth and had been slowly increasing in size with convolution.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibroma ; Nevus, Intradermal* ; Parturition ; Rabeprazole

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure sexual satisfaction in Korean adults. METHOD: Development of items for the instrument was done by a collecting, reorganizing, reducing and selecting process based on the literature. A total of 19 items were selected in this process. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 19 items, questionnaires were given to an expert group consisting of 18 professionals (7 men and 11 women). Eighteen items having a response of 70% in 'very good' item or 'good' item were included as items for the instrument. With these 18 items, a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and reliability and validity tests of the scale were done. The subjects for the test were 1,127 Korean adults living in 11 areas in Korea. Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2000 to Feb. 28, 2001 and analyzed with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Chronbach alpha and corrected item-total correlation were obtained to verify internal consistency, and principal component analysis with the varimax rotation was used to identify structure validity of the developed tool. RESULT: Reliability of the scale was .9503 and corrected item-total correlations of the items were distributed from .5208 to .7899. As a result of the factor analysis, the items were categorized into three factors. The cumulative variance of the three factors was 67.1%, and all of the variances of the factors were above 5%. Because factor 1 (8 items) indicated a special feeling of psychological satisfaction with sexual activity, it was named 'psychological factor'. Factor 2 (8 items) indicated a feeling of satisfaction in the interaction with sexual partner through communication and variation, therefore it was named 'interactional factor'. Factor 3 (2 items) was about the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse and indicated physical dimensions of satisfaction, so it was named 'physical factor'. The average score for sexual satisfaction of the 1,127 subjects was 65.32 (+/-12.71), and histogram of the score showed a normal distribution with skewness -.425. CONCLUSION: Finally, a Korean Sexual Satisfaction Scale(KSSS) was accepted as a 5 point Likert scale with 18 items after the statistical test for reliability and validity. In conclusion, KSSS is a useful instrument which is valid and reliable can be used to understand the sexuality of Korean adults.
Adult ; Coitus ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Sexuality

PURPOSE: Ultrasound is most effective study for evaluating thyroid nodules. In this review, we discuss that sonographic findings to differentiate benign from malignant nodules and suggest recommendations for indications of fine needle aspiration biopsy and thyroid nodule management. METHODS: Sonographic scans of 206 thyroid nodules in 164 patients were candidated for this study. We evaluated sonographic findings by shape, calcification, margin, and echogenicity, retrospectively. Sonographic findings that suggested malignancy included microcalcifications, a speculated margin, marked hypoechogenicity and a shape that was taller than wide. The final diagnosis of lesion as benign (n=180) or malignant (n=26) was confirmed by fine needle aspiration biopsy and follow-up (>6 months). We demonstrated the difference of the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. RESULTS: Of 206 thyroid nodules, 26 were malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy based on our sonographic classification method were 84.6%, 73.9%, 31.9%, 97.0% and 75.2%. CONCLUSION: Sonography can be helpful for making the differentiation between and malignant nodules. So, when well trained surgeon find thyroid nodules on sonography, we can make correct diagnosis of malignant nodules.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Ultrasonography*

For estimation of regional myocardial blood flow with O-15 water PET, a few modifications considering partial volume effect based on single compartment model have been proposed. In this study, we attempted to quantify the degree of heterogeneity and to show the effect of tissue flow heterogeneity on partition coefficient(lamda) and to find the relation between perfusable tissue index(PTI) and (lamda) by computer simulation using two modified models. We simulated tissue curves for the regions with homogeous and heterogenous blood flow over a various flow range(0.2-4.0ml/g/min).Simulated heterogeneous tissue composed of 4 subregions of the same or different size of block which have different homogeneous flow and different degree of slope of distribution of blood flow. We measured the index representing heterogeneity of distribution of blood flow for each heterogeneous tissue by the constitution heterogeneity(CH). For model I, we assumed that tissue recovery coefficient (FMME) was the product of partial volume effect(FMMF) and PTI. Using model I, PTI, flow, and FMM were estimated. For model II, we assumed that partition coefficient was another variable which could represent tissue characteristics of heterogeneity of flow distribution. Using model II PTI, flow and (lamda) were estimated. For the simulated tissue with homogeneous flow, both models gave exactly the same estimates of three parameters. For the simulated tissue with heterogeneous flow distribution, in model I, flow and FMM were correctly estimated as CH was increased moderately. In model II, flow and (lamda) were decreased curvi-linearly as CH was increased. The degree of underestimation of (lamda) obtained using model II, was correlated with CH. The degree of underestimation of flow was dependent on the degree of underestimation of (lamda). PTI was somewhat overestimated and did not change according to CH. We conclude that estimated (lamda) reflect the degree of tissue heterogeneity of flow distribution. We could use the degree of underestimation of (lamda) to find the characteristic heterogeneity of tissue flow and use (lamda) to recover the underestimated flow.
Computer Simulation ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Electrons* ; Myocardium* ; Population Characteristics* ; Positron-Emission Tomography*

No abstract available.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Lymphoma*

Re-188 is useful candidate for therapeutic radionuclide because it has a physical half life of 17 hours, contains beta ernissions suitable for therapy(maximum energy 2.12MeV) and emits a garnma ray that is suitable for quantitative diagnostic scanning(155keV). To use He-188 as a radionuclide compound of angioplasty balloon radiotherapy, we investigated the labelling method and biodistribution of Re-188- DTPA. We postulated that labeled Re-188-DTPA is preferable because it would be excreted via urinary system more easily than other compounds. To label Re-188 with DTI'A, 1ml of 222MBqI(6mCi) of Re-188 was added to DTPA solution(DTPA 20mg, SnC4 2HsO 10mg, pH 3.5) and boiled at 100C for 120min in water bath. pH was adjuted to 5 with 2.3Fo sodium acetate. I.abeling efficiency was measured using TLC-SG(acetone, saline). We evaluated biodistribution of Re-188-DTPA in sacrificed mice at 10 and 60 minutes after injection. We acquired images of kidneys, and drew tirne-activity r.urves in normal dogs and rats and calculated Trnax and Tl/2 in rats. The labelling efficiency was 95.7Yo on average. Labelling of Re-188-DTPA was stable(90% after 5hours) in vitro at room temperature. According to time-activity curves of dogs and rats, it took 15 to 20 minutes after injection for Re-188-DTPA to be washed out through kidneys. In conclusion, Re-188-DTPA was successfully labeled, Re-188-DTPA was stable in vitro and was excreted early via kidneys in animals. We could recornmend Re-188-DTPA as radionuclide of potential use in angioplasty balloon radiotherapy.
Angioplasty ; Animals ; Baths ; Dogs ; Half-Life ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney ; Mice ; Pentetic Acid ; Radiotherapy ; Rats ; Sodium Acetate ; Water

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Despite multiple approaches of treatments for salivary duct carcinoma, there has been a need for more successful treatment methods because of its poor prognosis. Treatment options like immunotherapy using new technologies have been attempted. Based on recent study results indicating that targeting programmed death receptors are effective in treating various cancers, this study aimed to identify the frequency of PD-L1 expression and its impact on survival rate in salivary duct carcinoma.MATERIALS #SPCHAR_X0026; METHODS: We studied 33 patients with salivary gland cancer who were available for histologic specimens. We examined the expression of PD-L1 in the tissues and analyzed the association with the survival rate and the association with various clinical parameters.RESULTS: According to this study and review of similar studies, we discovered that the expression of PD-L1 in salivary duct carcinoma was lower than other types of cancers. The impact of PD-L1 on survival rate also showed inconsistency in salivary duct carcinoma.CONCLUSION: Immunotherapy by PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade in salivary duct carcinoma needs further evaluation for clinical application.
Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Death Domain ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in closing extraction spaces between maxillary first premolar and second premolar extractions using 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: Maxillary artificial teeth were selected according to Wheeler's dental anatomy. The size and shape of each tooth, bracket and archwire were made from captured real images by a 3D laser scanner and FEA was performed with a 10-noded tetrahedron. A 10 degrees gable bend was placed behind the bull loop on a 0.017" x 0.025" archwire. The extraction space was then closed through 12 repeated activating processes for each 2 mm of space. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that the retraction of anterior teeth was less for the second premolar extraction than for the first premolar extraction. The anterior teeth showed a controlled tipping movement with slight extrusion, and the posterior teeth showed a mesial-in rotational movement. For the second premolar extraction, buccal movement of posterior teeth was highly increased.
Bicuspid* ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Tooth ; Tooth, Artificial

Lymphocyte-rich effusions represent benign reactive process or neoplastic condition. Involvement of lymphoproliferative disease in body cavity is not uncommon, and it often causes diagnostic challenge. In this review, we suggest a practical diagnostic approach toward lymphocyte-rich effusions, share representative cases, and discuss the utility of ancillary tests. Cytomorphologic features favoring neoplastic condition include high cellularity, cellular atypia/pleomorphism, monomorphic cell population, and frequent apoptosis, whereas lack of atypia, polymorphic cell population, and predominance of small T cells usually represent benign reactive process. Involvement of non-hematolymphoid malignant cells in body fluid should be ruled out first, followed by categorization of the samples into either small/medium-sized cell dominant or large-sized cell dominant fluid. Small/medium-sized cell dominant effusions require ancillary tests when either cellular atypia or history/clinical suspicion of lymphoproliferative disease is present. Large-sized cell dominant effusions usually suggest neoplastic condition, however, in the settings of initial presentation or low overall cellularity, ancillary studies are helpful for more clarification. Ancillary tests including immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, clonality test, and next-generation sequencing can be performed using cytologic preparations. Throughout the diagnostic process, proper review of clinical history, cytomorphologic examination, and application of adequate ancillary tests are key elements for successful diagnosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the independent prognostic factors for overall and disease-free survival in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. METHODS: Sixty-seven medical records were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients had presented with localized soft tissue sarcoma and had been treated with conservative surgery, followed by additional therapy or surgery. All were treated at the Yeungnam University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2006. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate factors affecting overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS: The median age of the study sample was 50 (range, 15~70) years. Twenty patients (30%) had liposarcoma and nine (13%) had leiomyosarcoma. Seventeen patients (25%) had a tumor measuring greater than 10 cm. Nineteen patients (28%) had positive resection margins. The median overall survival was 62.7 months (95% CI: 25.7~99.4) and the median disease-free survival was 36.1 months (95% CI: 17.9~54.2). Factors that significantly affected the median overall survival were a tumor size greater than 10 cm and performance status. Positive resection margins and tumor site were independent prognostic factors associated with diseasefree survival. Other factors, such as histopathology, gender, age, and tumor grade, did not have prognostic value. Additionally, the chosen modality of treatment after surgery was not an independent predictor of the median overall or disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size, positive resection margins, tumor site, and performance status were statistically significant independent predictors of poor prognosis.
Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Liposarcoma ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma