PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preventive child abuse program development. METHOD: Data were collected on 105 high-risk families of child abuse intervention was obtained from their main child rearer who raised the child under 18 years, olds during 10 months period from May, 2000 to March 2001. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. Child abuse occurred in the subject's home, in the case of mild child abuse, 'throwing an object at the child' had the highest percentage 39.1%, in severe child abuse, 'rod, stick, belt, broom beating or using a variety of objects such as' had the highest percentage 49.5%, and in very severe child abuse, 'hospitalized by belting' had the highest percentage 3.8%. 2. The degree of child abuse potential showed high risk child abuse score with a mean of 213.3. The degree of beliefs in corporal punishment showed that subjects perceived corporal punishment of children positively with a mean of 32.2. 3. With respect to the child abuse potential, there were significant correlations with the subjects' age (r=.294, p=.002), education level (r=-.442, p=.000), and family income (r=-.355, p=.000). CONCLUSION: From this study not only child abuse occurrence but also child abuse potential were severely increased in poor livelihood families. Therefore to the high risk group, individual preventive approach must be applied.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Cytisus ; Education ; Humans ; Only Child ; Program Development ; Punishment

This study was conducted to investigate the validity of using a cameraphone for a dietary intake survey method. The subjects were 28 female college students. After eating a standard lunch meal which consisted of plain rice, seaweed soup, bulgogi, cucumber salad, roasted anchovy and kimchi, the quantity of dietary intake, calorie intake & nutrients intake were analyzed by weighed method, diet record method and cameraphone method by dietitian with & without cameraphone analysis training. There were no significant differences in the quantity of 6 foods intake between weighted method and cameraphone method by dietitians with camera phone analysis training. However, the quantity of seaweed soup, bulgogi & cucumber salad intake analyzed by diet record method was significantly lower than the weighed method. And the quantity of seaweed soup, bulgogi, cucumber salad, roasted anchovy and kimchi intake analyzed by the cameraphone method by dietitians without cameraphone analysis training was significantly lower than the weighed method. There were no significant differences in the calorie intake and nutrients intake between the weighted method and camera phone method by dietitians with camera-phone analysis training. However, protein, calcium, iron, phosphorous, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin E and cholesterol intake analyzed by diet record method was significantly lower than the weighed method. And fat and Vitamin B2 intake analyzed by the camera phone method by dietitians without cameraphone analysis training was significantly lower than the weighed method. Therefore, this study suggests that the use of the camerephone may be a valid and convenient method for evaluating a dietary intake survey. However, systematic and standard education is necessary about the size and volume of dishes and angle of photo for more accurate results.
Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Diet Records ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Riboflavin ; Seaweed ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells that originate in the cervix uteri. It is the second most prevalent cancer among women. It can have several causes; an infection with some type of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer. Over 100 types of HPVs have been identified, and more than 40 types of HPVs are typically transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anogenital region. Among these, a number of HPVs types, containing types 16 and 18, are classified as "high-risk" HPVs that can cause cervical cancer. The HPVs vaccine prevents infection with certain species of HPVs associated with the development of cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers. Two HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: quadrivalent HPVs vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine that use virus-like particles as a vaccine antigen. This review discusses the current status of HPVs vaccines on the global market, clinical trials, and the future of HPVs vaccine development.
Cervix Uteri ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Vaccines* ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depressive disorders and factors associated in long-term cancer survivors. METHODS: A total of 702 long-term cancer survivors over 5-years in remission were recruited in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in Korea. Self-report using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and the Fatigue Severity Scale assessed depression and fatigue, respectively. Demographic characteristics, cancer-related clinical characteristics, comorbidity, health behaviors, and physical symptoms were assessed through the review of medical records or a structured self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: We identified 26.1% of patients who had a depressed mood or displayed a loss of interest. The most prevalent primary site of cancer was the stomach (65.2%), followed by lung, breast, colorectal, and thyroid cancer. We also found that 5.7% of subjects experienced double or triple primary cancers. Larger proportion among depressive group (89.1%) complained at least one physical problem than among non-depressive group (53.2%). Physical symptoms including sleep problems, dry mouth, indigestion, pain, decreased appetite, and febrile sense were more frequent in the depressive group than in the non-depressive group. The Fatigue Severity Scale scores were higher in the depressive group than in the non-depressive group (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the highest tertile level of fatigue (odds ratio, 7.31; 95% confidence interval, 3.81-14.02) was associated with the increased risk of depression. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that careful concern about depression is necessary in long-term cancer survivors. Fatigue may be a surrogate sign for depression, and warrants further evaluation.
Appetite ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Dyspepsia ; Fatigue ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Mouth ; Prevalence ; Stomach ; Survivors* ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of the Fall Assessment Scale-Korean version (FAS-K) and to find the most appropriate cutoff score to screen high-risk fall groups in adult patients in general hospitals in Korea. Methods: We performed a prospective evaluation study in medical and surgical ward patients at two major general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from Nov. 1, 2018 to Feb. 28, 2019, nurses performed 651 observation series. The researcher measured the fall risk assessment score by applying FAS-K, MFS (Morse Fall Scale), and JHFRAT (Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment tool) to the patients twice a week between 10 am and 12 noon. Data were analyzed using Pearson's corelation coefficients, and the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the three tools. Results: The FAS-K was positively correlated with the MFS (r=.70, p<.001) and the JHFRAT (r=.82, p<.001). According to the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the FAS-K, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative prediction values were 85.3%, 49.4%, 8.5%, and 98.4%, respectively, when the FAS-K score was 4. Therefore, the cut-off score of the FAS-K to identify groups with high fall risk was 4. Conclusion The FAS-K is a valid tool for measuring fall risk in adult inpatients.In addition, the FAS-K score, 4, can be used to identify high-risk fall groups and know specific points in time to provide active interventions to prevent falls.

PURPOSE: Data comparing the clinical benefits of medical treatment with those of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in an elderly population with angina pectoris are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of elective PCI versus optimal medical treatment (OMT) in elderly patients (between 75 and 84 years old) with angina pectoris. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven patients with significant coronary artery stenosis were randomly assigned to either the PCI group (n=90) or the OMT group (n=87). The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse events in the 1-year follow-up period that included cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and stroke. RESULTS: Major adverse events occurred in 5 patients (5.6%) of the PCI group and in 17 patents (19.5%) of the OMT group (p=0.015). There were no significant differences between the PCI group and the OMT group in cardiac death [hazard ratio (HR) for the PCI group 0.454; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.041-5.019, p=0.520], myocardial infarction (HR 0.399; 95% CI 0.039-4.050, p=0.437), or stroke (HR 0.919; 95% CI 0.057-14.709, p=0.952). However, the PCI group showed a significant preventive effect of the composite of major adverse events (HR 0.288; 95% CI 0.106-0.785, p=0.015) and against the need for coronary revascularization (HR 0.157; 95% CI 0.035-0.703, p=0.016). CONCLUSION: Elective PCI reduced major adverse events and was found to be an effective treatment modality in elderly patients with angina pectoris and significant coronary artery stenosis, compared to OMT.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angina Pectoris/mortality/*therapy ; Coronary Stenosis/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control/*therapy ; *Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome

We report here on a case of a 22-year-old girl with a suprasellar mass that was originally diagnosed as lymphocytic hypophysitis, but it eventually turned out to be a germinoma. She initially underwent partial tumor removal and the tissue diagnosis was suggestive of lymphocytic hypophysitis. 46 months later, she presented with a lateral visual field defect and decreased visual acuity of her right eye. The serum and cerebrospinal beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured. The beta-hCG level was elevated in both, whereas the alpha-fetoprotein level was detectable in neither. The serum anti-pituitary antibody-1 level was negative. She was reoperated and the permanent section biopsies were compatible with pure germinoma. There was no evidence of meningeal metastasis on her whole spine MRI. She was treated with chemotherapy.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Germinoma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Spine ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields ; Young Adult

We report here on a rare case of adrenal paragonimiasis that presented with an adrenal incidentaloma. A 52-year-old male presented with fatigue and weight loss. The laboratory findings revealed eosinophilia (8.5%) and an increased eosinophil count (910/microL). The computed tomography scan showed 6.5 x 5 cm sized multilocular cystic mass in the right adrenal gland, which was non-functioning, and cystic lesions with variable sizes were also noted in the abdominal cavity. On the surgical field, whitish patches were spread out in the peritoneum, the omentum, the dome of the liver and the diaphragm. The right adrenal gland was replaced by a cystic mass filled with mucopurulent creamy materials. The pathologic findings revealed numerous eggs of Paragonimus spp. Also, the ELISA was positive for IgG paragonimus antibody. The adrenal gland can become infected by various microbial pathogens, including parasites, although it is relatively uncommon. However, in the case of a cystic adrenal mass with accompanying eosinophilia in an endemic area, clinicians should consider the possibility of parasitic infection.
Abdominal Cavity ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; Adrenal Glands ; Diaphragm ; Eggs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; Ovum ; Paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus ; Parasites ; Peritoneum ; Weight Loss

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare group of heritable mechanobullous disorders that are characterized by blistering and scarring of the skin and mucosae and these lesions are induced by minor trauma, DEB is also associated with nail dystrophy. DEB can be inherited either in an autosomal recessive or dominant fashion. Regardless of the mode of inheritance, DEB is caused by defects of the ultrastructural entity known as the anchoring fibril, which results in separation of the sublamina densa. Recessive DEB (RDEB) is classified into Hallopeau-Siemens and non- Hallopeau-Siemens. We herein report on a case of non- Hallopeau-Siemens RDEB and there was no family history of this malady, and we present the clinical, histological and electron microscopy findings.
Blister ; Cicatrix ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mucous Membrane ; Nails ; Skin ; Wills

A pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine secreting tumor, which is often overlooked when cardiovascular complications, such as acute heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and dilated cardiomyopathy, presented as the initial clinical manifestations. Failure to identify a pheochromocytoma in these situations may be fatal. We report the case of 32-year-old female, who presented with cardiogenic shock. Echocardiography revealed severe global hypokinesia of the dilated left ventricle, with the exception of the apex. Computed tomography of the aorta showed a well-enhanced left adrenal mass, 3.5cm in diameter. A 24 hour urine collection study for catecholamines and a 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine(MIBG) scan were suggestive of the diagnosis of a single adrenal pheochromocytoma. The patient stabilized after shock management, and recovered with intensive medical treatment. Follow-up echocardiography revealed normalized cardiac function and chamber dimensions. Thereafter, the adrenal mass was successfully removed using laparaoscopic surgery, without complications
Adult ; Angina Pectoris ; Aorta ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Catecholamines ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Shock ; Shock, Cardiogenic* ; Urine Specimen Collection