To develop a novel polyamino acid-based nanohydrogel drug delivery system for dexamethasone to enhance its delivery efficiency to the inner ear.

Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Genetic Markers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Urothelium/pathology*

Objective:To compare the efficacy of different suture techniques under arthroscopy in rotator cuff injury.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 117 patients who received arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery from August 2020 to February 2023 in Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu Province. According to different suture techniques, they were divided into single-row group (56 cases, single-row suture method) and double-row group (61 cases, double-row suture method). The perioperative indicators, surgical complications, shoulder range of motion, pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS), shoulder joint score (Constant-Murley score, CMS) and re-tear rate were compared between the two groups. Chi-square test was used for between-group comparison of enumeration data. Quantitative data that conforms to a normal distribution were represented as xˉ±s, and t-test or one-way ANOVA were used. LSD-t test was used for pairwise comparisons.Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the range of motion, pain score, and CMS score of the shoulder joint before and after treatment. Results:The surgical time in single-row group (78.58±17.25) min was shorter than that in double-row group (88.14±18.51)min, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.88, P=0.005). After surgery, the ranges of motions of flexion, abduction and inward rotation of the body side of the two groups were increased gradually, and the ranges of motions in double-row group (anterior flexion: (89.67±6.93)° at 6 months postoperatively; (135.18±12.52)° at 12 months postoperatively), (abduction: (122.52±7.32)° at 6 months postoperatively; (160.87±8.31)° at 12 months postoperatively), (lateral internal rotation:(73.35±4.45)° at 6 months postoperatively; (80.82±6.27)° at 12 months postoperatively) were higher than those in single-row group (anterior flexion: (82.01±6.35)° at 6 months postoperatively; (125.21±10.41)° at 12 months postoperatively), (abduction: (115.23±6.84)° at 6 months postoperatively; (151.41±7.54)° at 12 months postoperatively), (lateral internal rotation: (68.32±4.21)° at 6 months postoperatively; (75.32±5.12)° at 12 months postoperatively), the differences were statistically significant (flexion: 6 months after surgery, t=6.37, 12 months after surgery, t=4.66; abduction: 6 months after surgery, t=5.68, 12 months after surgery, t=6.43; inward rotation: 6 months after surgery, t=6.41, 12 months after surgery, t=5.17; all P<0.001). The VAS score in the two groups was decreased significantly after surgery while the CMS was increased significantly, and there were statistically significant differences in double-row group (VAS: (3.53±0.74) points at 3 months postoperatively; (2.76±0.54) points at 6 months postoperatively; (1.87±0.38) points at 12 months postoperatively), (CMS: (66.06±5.52) points at 3 months postoperatively; (74.17±4.44) points at 6 months postoperatively; (83.87±4.38) points at 12 months postoperatively) at different time points after surgery compared to single-row group (VAS: (4.02±0.80) points at 3 months postoperatively; (2.99±0.58) points at 6 months postoperatively; (2.25±0.41) points at 12 months postoperatively), (CMS: (63.21±5.95) points at 3 months postoperatively; (71.69±4.63) points at 6 months postoperatively; (80.25±3.25) points at 12 months postoperatively), the differences were statistically significant (VAS: 3 months after surgery, t=3.44, 6 months after surgery, t=2.22, 12 months after surgery, t=5.20 ; CMS: 3 months after surgery, t=2.69, 6 months after surgery, t=2.96, 12 months after surgery, t=5.04; P values were <0.001, 0.028, <0.001,0.008, 0.004, and <0.001, respectively). The re-tear rate was significantly lower in double-row group (3.28%，2/61) than that in single-row group (14.29%，8/56), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (adjusted χ2=3.23, P=0.070). Conclusion:Rotator cuff surgery can effectively restore shoulder function in patients with rotator cuff injury. Single-row suture method has simpler operation and shorter surgical time, but double-row suture method has a better fixation effect and is more conducive to prognosis.

Objective:To study the genotyping and regional distribution characteristics of Yersinia pestis by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Gansu Province. Methods:A total of 52 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from Himalaya Marmot plague foci and Spermophilus alaschanicus plague foci in Gansu Province from 1962 to 2017 were selected for culture and extraction of DNA. The genomic DNA of Yersinia pestis was sequenced by the second generation of Illumina PE150 to identify the SNP sites. The species characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Gansu Province was determined by the Kimura-2-parameter model of neighbor joining of Mega 10.0 software based on the SNP sites. The molecular evolutionary tree of the groups was determined by Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model of maximum likelihood method according to the SNP sites. Results:A total of 103 SNP sites were identified in 52 strains of Yersinia pestis in Gansu Province, including 28 intergenic loci, 43 non-synonymous mutations, 31 synonymous mutations and 1 nonsense mutation. The 52 strains of Yersinia pestis were divided into 2 biotypes and 3 groups, which were ancient type (1.IN2, 3.ANT) and medieval type (2.MED). Among them, 35 strains belonged to 1.IN2 group, 13 strains belonged to 3.ANT group, and 4 strains belonged to 2.MED group. The 1.IN2 group was further divided into 5 subgroups: the groups of Yuerhong Town and Dangchengwan Town in Subei County, the groups of Mati Town and Dahe Town in Sunan County, and the group of Xiahe County. The 3.ANT group was further divided into 2 subgroups: the groups of Hongliuwan Town in Aksay County and Machang in Dangchengwan Town of Subei County. Conclusion:The SNP method can be used to genotype Yersinia pestis from different plague foci in Gansu Province, which has certain regional characteristics.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) significantly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Blocking the development of CAG and GIM would help to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. It was revealed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori could reverse gastric mucosa atrophy. Recent studies reported that GIM could be reversed to a certain extent. Clinical studies demonstrated that Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule exhibited significant reversal effects on GIM. The present study systemically reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of CAG and clinical application of Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule, and established the specialist instruction that would guide the reversal treatment of CAG and GIM.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) significantly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Blocking the development of CAG and GIM would help to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. It was revealed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori could reverse gastric mucosa atrophy. Recent studies reported that GIM could also be reversed to a certain extent. Clinical studies demonstrated that Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule exhibited significant reversal effect on GIM. The present study systemically reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of CAG and clinical application of Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule, and established the specialist instruction that would guide the reversal treatment of CAG and GIM.

Objective:To understand the plague epidemic characteristics in the natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province, and to provide scientific basis for innovative prevention and control of the plague in combination with local conditions. Methods:A retrospective study was used to collect the monitoring data of the natural foci of plague in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2018 (from the epidemic surveillance files of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gansu Province and direct network reporting information). Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the plague epidemic characteristics of natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2018, including the distribution of host animals, pathogenic and serological testing of the plague bacteria, and the epidemic characteristics of human plague. Results:From 2011 to 2018, the total average marmot density in the natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province was 0.21/hm 2, of which Tianzhu County had the highest average marmot density of 0.58/hm 2, and Jiayuguan City had the lowest average marmot density of 0.01/hm 2. A total of 381 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated in the foci, of which 4 were isolated from human corpses, 298 were host animals, and 79 were infectious vectors. Among them, the top 3 counties (cities) of isolated strains were Aksai County (38.85%, 148 strains), Subei County (31.50%, 120 strains) and Yumen City (16.27%, 62 strains). A total of 6 860 marmot serum, 1 769 dog serum were tested, the F1 antibody positive rates were 2.70% (185/6 860), 8.42% (149/1 769); and the F1 antigen positive rate of 814 animal materials was 4.30% (35/814), respectively. There were 4 times of human plague, 4 cases occurred and 4 cases died; 3 times occurred in Subei County and 1 time in Yumen City. The onset months were July, September, November and December. Active contact with infected animals such as shepherd dogs was the main route of infection, and migrant herders were the key occupation population. Conclusions:The animal epidemic situation in the natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province is active, and the plague presents different epidemic states in different regions. The prevention and control measures should be taken according to local conditions and guided by classification to strictly prevent the occurrence and transmission of the plague.

Objective To investigate the relationship between fleas density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and host density as well as meteorological factors.Methods The densities of fleas of Spermophilus alaschanicue and meteorological temperature,precipitation,relative humidity data in the same period from 1977 to 2014 in plague natural foci of Spermophilus alaschanicue of Gansu Province were collected.In order to further establish the multiple linear regression and the stepwise regression analysis model,SAS 9.3 software was used to explore the linear correlation analysis between fleas index number,density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and meteorological factors.Results The average body flea index positively correlated with the density of Spermophilus alaschanicue (r =0.34,P ＜ 0.05),in addition,hole fleas index was in negative correlation with the average temperature of the current and preceding first,second and third years (r =-0.44,-0.39,-0.45,-0.54,P ＜ 0.01).However,hole fleas index positively correlated with the average rainfall of preceding first year (r =0.38,P ＜ 0.05).More specifically,the monthly body flea index was negatively correlated with the average rainfall and the average temperature of current,preceding first,second,and third months,and the average relative humidity of current month (r =-0.23,-0.34,-0.43,-0.29,-0.25,-0.33,-0.36,-0.38,-0.26,P ＜ 0.01).After multiple linear regression analysis,the following equations were obtained:body fleas index =3.983 1 + 0.695 1 × Sperrnophilus density-0.004 9 × average annual rainfall;hole fleas index =10.780 4 + 0.009 1 × average annual rainfall-0.216 2 × annual average relative humidity.Conclusions The relationship between fleas density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and the environment is complex,they have mutual connection as well as mutual restriction.Except Spermophilus density affects the number of fleas,the two most important meteorological factors which affect the flea body index are temperature and rainfall.In addition,the relationship between meteorological factors and flea body index shows somewhat lagging behind for two to three months.

Exosomes are vesicular globules with physiological functions, such as intercellular material transportation and signal transduction. They can be secreted by many kinds of cells, with 40 to 100 nm diameters.Exosomes have biological properties of derived cells based on the nucleic acids, proteins and lipids in them. Tumor cells can also secrete large number of exosomes with many microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNAs from different maternal tumor cells are different. This paper mainly reviews the early diagnosis of tumors by tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs and the relationship between miRNAs and tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Objective To explore the effects of meteorological factors on population densities of the host and the prevalence of animal plague in the natural plague foci of Spermophilus alaschanicus.Methods The surveillance data of seroprevalence rate in natural plague foci of Spermophilus alaschanicus of Gansu Province in current year,one previous year (relative to current year as a reference),as well as two and three previous years’ meteorological data such as average annual rainfall,temperature,relative humidity were collected from 1962 to 2014.SAS 9.3 software was used for correlation and regression analysis of the influencing meteorological factors on the density of Spermophilus alaschanicus and prevalence of animal plague;generalized additive model (GAM) was used for quantitative study of meteorological factors on density of Spermophilus alaschanicus;logistic regression analysis was used to study the effect of meteorological factors on prevalence of Spermophilus alaschanicus plague.Results Serum positive rate of Spermophilus alaschanicus was positively correlated with average annual rainfall of current and previous one year,and with relative humidity of current year (r =0.279,0.341,0.654,P ＜ 0.05);serum positive rate was negatively correlated with average annual temperature of current and preceding first,second and third years (r =-0.360,-0.339,-0.273,-0.323,P ＜ 0.05).The average annual rainfall of preceding second and third years was significantly associated with the densities of Spermophilus alaschanicus by GAM parameter estimation (t =2.88,2.42,P ＜ 0.05).The average annual rainfall of preceding second and third years was significantly associated with the densities of Spermophilus alaschanicus by GAM nonparameter estimation (x2=31.580,13.428,P ＜ 0.05),but the effect was nonlinear.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that average annual rainfall of preceding first year [odds ratio (OR) =2.475,95％ confidence interval (C/):1.175-5.213] was risk factor for the prevalence of the animal plague in the natural plague foci of Spermophilus alaschanicus.Conclusions Rainfall is risk factor for the prevalence of the animal plague in the natural plague foci of Spermophilus alaschanicus.There is a lag effect of rainfall on the numbers of hosts and the prevalence of Spermophilus alaschanicue plague.When the rainfall in the region (not continuously) reaches a certain amount,it will provide favorable conditions for the spread of Yersinia pestis.