Objective　To determine the value of spiral CT in diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis(EBTB) after analysing the spiral CT appearance. Methods　Retrospective analysis of CT signs in 13 cases who were finally pathologically found suffering from EBTB via biopsy with bronchoscope. Results　Five cases have signs of bronchial structure with obstructive atelectasis and pneumonia. Two cases have signs of irregular bronchial wall. Four cases have signs of scattering dot and patchy increase density in lung fields. Two cases' bronchi and lung tissues are normal. Conclusion　CT examination can determine the site and extent of EBTB and help the localization of bronchoscope.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for content determination of costunolide in Liqifuwei oral liquid.METHODS:The assay was performed on a Luna C 18 column by UV detector at the wavelength of225nm with methanol-water(72∶28)as the mobile phase at the flow rate of1.0ml/min.RESULTS:The amount of costunolide was linear with its area over the range from0.2?g～2.0?g(r=0.9996),the average recovery was98.4%(RSD=0.85%).CONCLUSION:The present method is convenient,sensitive and accurate with good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of Liqifuwei oral liquid.

Objective To evaluate the diagosis value of different spiral computed tomography(CT) chest scanning methods in the differentiation of various pulmonary diseases,in order to avoid x-ray irradiation damage and reduce patients economic burden,but the diagnosis criterion should be guaranteed still.Methods 1000 cases of chest scan by spiral CT were randomly analyzed.In 927 conventional scan cases,including 155 cases of simple plainscan,474 cases of direct contrast scan,25 cases of plain plus contrast scans,73 cases of CT angiography.In addition,high resolution CT(HRCT) for 105 cases,thin layer scan for 86 cases,dynamic scan for 6 cases,and 40 cases bronchgraphy diagnosis were also carried out in the conventional scanning cases.Results The different CT scanning methods were adapted for diffenent pulmonary diseases.An adaptive scanning method and technique can decrease X-ray irradiation dosage and rise accuracy of diagnosis.Conclusions Aptimal scanning method and technique should be alternative according the clinical need and the patients status.

Objective: To investigate the choice of surgical approach of petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC)and surgical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 90 patients diagnosed and treated for PBC from January 2000 to December 2014 by the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital otolaryngologists. According to Sanna′s classification, 40 out of the 90 cases were supralabyrinthine, five infralabyrinthine, four infralabyrinthine-apical, 25 massive and 16 apical. Five cases underwent transmastoid and retrolabyrinthine approach, translabyrinthine approach was performed on six patients, 19 cases underwent subtotal petrosectomy, seven cases underwent transotic approach, 41 cases underwent middle fossa approach, combined transmastoid/middle fossa approach was performed on 11 cases, translabyrinthine and sphenoid sinus approach were performed on one case. Supralabyrinthine cases mainly applied middle fossa approach (77.5%, 31/40) and combined transmastoid and middle-fossa approach(20.0%, 8/40). Combined transmastoid-retrolabyrinthine approach were applied for all the infralabyrinthine cases (100.0%, 5/5). Infralabyrinthine-apical cases mainly applied subtotal petrosectomy (75.0%, 3/4). Massive cases mainly applied subtotal petrosectomy (60.0%, 15/25), transcochlear approach (20.0%, 5/25), and translabyrinthine approach (16.0%, 4/25). Apical cases mainly applied middle fossa approach (62.5%, 10/16). Results: Ninty percent (18/20) of the patients who had preoperative grade Ⅰ facial nerve function maintained in the postoperative period. Out of 90 cases, only 11 cases received open cavity, and the rest cases received cavityobliteration. There were three cases of recurrence, four cases of cavity infection, three cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and one case of epidural hematoma, who all received surgeries. Conclusions Sanna′s classification should be used to classify different kinds of PBC cases, choose the best surgical approach for different cases, and preserve or repair facial function during removal of PBC, and thus reduce recurrence and complications.

Objective: To elucidate the clinical behavior, causes of misdiagnosis, surgical management, and outcomes of facial nerve schwannomas (FNS). Methods: A retrospective review in Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2015 was carried out and evaluated 110 patients with FNS, including 50 males and 60 females, aged 16-67 years old. The appropriate surgical strategy was selected based on each patient′s clinical manifestations, facial nerve function, and imaging characteristics. After surgery, patients received follow-up visits to assess their facial nerve functions, with the effect of treatment compared to the reality before surgery. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to distinguish between the pre- and post-operation facial nerve functions in patients who had different facial nerve functions before the operations. Results: 110 cases of FNS mainly presented with facial paralysis, hearing loss, tinnitus, otalgia, dizziness, and facial spasm. 20 of the cases were misdiagnosed as Bell′s Palsy, 6 were mistaken for chronic otitis media/cholesteatoma with radical mastoidectomy, 3 were mistaken for Meniere′s disease, 1 was misdiagnosed as petrous bone cholesteatoma, and 4 were mistaken for acoustic neuroma. 81.8 % (90/110) of the patients had multiple segments of the facial nerve, including the vertical segment of the facial nerve, accounting for 65.5% (72/110), followed by the labyrinthine/geniculate segment, for 61.8% (68/110), and the horizontal segment, for 55.5% (61/110). The appropriate surgical approaches were chosed based on the sizes and scopes of the tumors evaluated by imaging: transmastoid approach in 73 cases, translabyrinthe approach in 14 cases, middle cranial fossa approach in 13 cases, retrosigmoid approach in 3 cases, transmastoid-middle cranial fossa approach in 3 cases, and transmastoid-neck approach in 4 cases, with all the patients undergoing a total/subtotal resection of the tumor. Eighty-seven patients had their facial nerves reconstructed. Among them, 6 received facial nerve end-to-end anastomosis, 55 received great auricular nerve graft, and 26 were subjected to facial nerve-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis. Because of long histories, facial muscle atrophies, or other reasons, the remaining patients were not received facial nerve reconstruction. The House-Brackmann(H-B) grading scale was used to evaluate the facial nerve function pre- and post-operation. Patients with better facial nerve functions and shorter history of facial paralysis before operation would get relatively better facial nerve function. The before and after operation comparisons revealed that the recovery of the facial nerve functions in patients with H-B Ⅰ-Ⅲ was better than the improvement in patients with H-B Ⅳ-Ⅴ. The difference was statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis H test, H=8.508, P<0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis of patients with unknown facial paralysis, hearing loss, and tinnitus should take into account the possibility of FNS. CT and other imaging examinations of the temporal bone can avoid misdiagnosis and determine the tumor size and extent of lesions, as well as provide the basis for the choice of the surgical approach. After tumors have been completely resected, facial nerve reconstruction can be performed simultaneously, according to the defect of the nerve.