Humans ; Mining ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; physiology ; Tibet

Objective To study the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT_~1 R) gene polymorphism and carotid atherosclerosis and pathogenesis in primary hypertension . Methods Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion and ultrasonography were used to measure AT_~1 R gene polymorphism and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) separately in 150 patients with primary hypertension compared with 100 controls . Results The frequencies of AC genotype and C allele of AT_~1 R gene in patients were higher than those of control ~(P

Objective　To determine the value of spiral CT in diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis(EBTB) after analysing the spiral CT appearance. Methods　Retrospective analysis of CT signs in 13 cases who were finally pathologically found suffering from EBTB via biopsy with bronchoscope. Results　Five cases have signs of bronchial structure with obstructive atelectasis and pneumonia. Two cases have signs of irregular bronchial wall. Four cases have signs of scattering dot and patchy increase density in lung fields. Two cases' bronchi and lung tissues are normal. Conclusion　CT examination can determine the site and extent of EBTB and help the localization of bronchoscope.

That there are so many difficulties in both of teaching and learning electrocar-diogram(ECG)is the characteristics in teaching and studying ECG. The following ways are the ef-fective methods of improving effects of classroom teaching of ECG:emphasizing the importance of ECG in clinical work at the beginning of the lecture on ECG in order that the students can understand the necessity of studying ECG and make up their mind to study ECG well;studying the teaching contents on ECG seriously and supplement the textbook appropriately;set up the link of discussion and create the condition that teacher and students work altogether;produce the slides with pictures(mainly)and words and give accounts of the pictures mainly;sum up the character-istics of all sorts of abnormal ECG and state the characteristics of presenting ECG simultaneously.

Clinical teaching supervision system exhibited several problems in the imple-mentation process such as the team of supervision being not reasonable enough and the connotation of supervision not extensive and not going far in depth enough and so on. Through the way of strengthening the team of the clinical teaching construction,expanding the connotation and improving the functions of supervision,we can construct a new effective supervision system for clinical school teaching.

Objective To build a scientific,rational and practical evaluation index system for medical tutors.Methods Evaluation framework was initially constructed on the basis of literature analysis.Two rounds questionnaires investigation were conducted soon using Delphi method and the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,independent samples of non-parametric test (Kreskas-Wallis test),expert reliability analysis,analytic hierarchy process and other methods.Results The results of two rounds of expert questionnaires showed that both recovery rate and acceptance rate of the questionnaires were more than 90％ and overall expert coefficient was 0.8957.The coordinate coefficient of the second-class index was 0.181,x2 =27.148,P ＜ 0.001,and that of the third-class index was 0.157,x2 =127.03,P ＜ 0.001.Experts' opinions were highly consistent.Conclusions Evaluation index system including three first-class indexes,seven second-class indexes and twenty-eight third-class indexes was established for medical tutors.The evaluation index system is of great importance in safeguarding postgraduate culturing quality and strengthening teaching staff construction.

The medical education has long paid great attention to students' specialized knowledge education and neglected the humanities education for all-around development excessively. Diagnostics is a bridge curriculum between basic medicine and clinical medicine. Enhancing the quality education by fully combining the process of diagnostics teaching plays an important role in qualified medical talents training.

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of ankle fracture.Methods 326 cases with ankle joint fracture in our hospital treated by surgical treatment were followed up.There were 182 males and 43 females,aged from 7 ～ 75 years.The patients with medial malleolus fracture were cut through postero-medial process,and the lagged screw,absorbed screw,or tension band wire were used.Patients with bimalleolus and trimalleolus fracture were cut through medial and lateral two incision.When the fracture line of the fibula is high,the triangular needle,kirschner wire,plate and the screw,remember alloy were used,when the fracture line of the fibula was high,1 ～ 2 cortical or cancellous bone lagged screw were used.The patients with diastasis of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were cut through lateral process,1 lagged screw was used through 3 layer cortical bone.After the operation,the plaster or brace was used according to the stability of the fracture,then systemic functional exercises.Results All the patients were followed up from 4 ～ 120 months,according to the ankle-hind foot score of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score(AOFAS),their clinical treatment results were assessed.In 225 cases,excellent and good rate was 86.7％.Connclusion Proper approach,anatomy reduction,articular surface recovery to smooth,stable internal fixation,necessary external fixation and systemic rehabilitation were the key aspects to the surgical treatment.Good result of most of the patients with fracture of the ankle joint can be obtained.

AIM: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory role of C/EBPα in mouse vesicular glutamate transporter 2(mVGLUT2) gene expression. METHODS: The promoter region of mVGLUT2 was cloned to PGL3-basic vector. Site-direction mutation was used to identify the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α(C/EBPα) binding site. The promoter activity was observed by luciferase system. The binding between C/EBPα protein and mVGLTU2 promoter region was determined by EMSA. The C/EBPα gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA. RESULTS: mVGLUT2 promoter activity decreased about 50% after mutation of C/EBPα binding site. EMSA showed that C/EBPα protein bound onto mVGLUT2 promoter region. Meanwhile, when C/EBPα gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA, mVGLUT2 promoter activity, mRNA level and protein level were decreased about 60%, 40% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSION: C/EBPα is involved in the regulation of mVGLUT2 gene expression.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of prostaglandin E1 used early in patients after renal transplantation. METHODS:93 renal transplant recipients (treatment group) were treated with PGE1(20 ?g?d-1) within 2 weeks after operation,and another 85 renal transplant recipients (control group) were not given PGE1 therapy in the same period. Urine volume,serum creatinine (Scr),blood flow resistance-indexes (RI) under Doppler color ultrasound,incidences of acute rejection (AR) and delayed graft function (DGF) and the 1 year patient/graft survival rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS:The 24h urine volume in the treatment group on day 1 after operation was significantly higher than in the control group (9.40?1.9 L vs. 8.11?1.8L) (P