To explore the spatiotemporal patterns of the neuronal excitatory propagation in vestibular nucleus, brainstem sections were prepared from postnatal 1～5 day mice, and stained with RH155, which was an light absorbent voltage sensitive dye, for 20 minutes. A multiple site optical recording system was used for optical imaging of the evoked responses after electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve. After stimulation of the vestibular nerve, optical responses were revealed in the vestibular nucleus. There was propagation of excitation in both ipsilateral vestibular nucleus and contralateral vestibular nucleus after ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation. These optical signals were wave length dependent. The optical signals consisted of two components: the spike like fast signal and long duration slow signal. All the responses were abolished by 20?mol/L tetrodotoxin (TTX). The effect of TTX was irreversible. The slow signals were entirely eliminated after the application of Ca 2+ free solution. The effect of Ca 2+ free solution was reversible. These results suggested that the slow signal might be postsynaptic excitation potential. The present study indicated that the use of optical recording to reveal visually the synaptic transmission of afferent input in vestibular nucleus in the brainstem was feasible.

Objective To explore the spatiotemporal patterns of the glutamatergic transmission in vestibular nucleus. Methods The brainstem slices were prepared from postnatal 1-5-day mice. The slices were stained with RH155, which was a light-absorbent voltage-sensitive dye, for 20 min. A multiple-site optical recording system was used for optical imaging of the evoked responses after electrical stimulation to the vestibular nerve. Results The spatiotemporal patterns of excitatory propagation in VN were illustrated. The effects of glutamate antagonist in VN after being bathed in APV (100mol/L, NMDA receptor antagonist) or CNQX (10mol/L, non-NMDA receptor antagonist) were observed in the postnatal 1 to 3 day-mouse brainstem slices. Our data showed that the percentage of APV sensitivity ranged from 50% to 84.2%, with a mean of 64.9%?9.06% (n=18). The percentage of CNQX sensitivity ranged from 15.8% to 50%, with a mean of 35.1%?9.06% (n=18). Conclusion The study indicated that the use of optical recording for revealing visually the synaptic transmission of afferent input in VN in brainstem was feasible. Both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor were sensitive to the neuronal transmission of EPSP in VN, but the NMDA sensibility to EPSP was higher than that of non-NMDA in newborn mice.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare a compound resorcinol liniment(RSA)for treating acne METHODS:To prepare RSA and observe its stability RESULTS:The quality of RSA was stable in the term of validity and its clinical effect rate amounted to 97 3% CONCLUSION:RSA is easy to prepare,the therapeutic effect is satisfactory,and its stability is good

Objective To investigate the role of Kit signal pathway in the proliferation and spontaneous rhythmic motility of interstitial cells(ICs)in the bladder of guinea pigs.Methods Fourteen Guinea pigs aged 45-60 days were administered with Imatinib intragastrically for 20 and 40 days.Three were fed on normal saline as control.The morph and number of ICs were observed by immunofluorescence,Kit protein expression was detected by Western blot and spontaneous rhythmic motility of bladder were investigated in in vitro organ bath.Results Quite a few ICs were observed in the bladder of controls.After administration of Imatinib,the amount of ICs and the expression of Kit protein decreased gradually,and the spontaneous rhythmic contraction weakened.Conclusion ICs might be the pacemaker of bladder in guinea pigs.Kit protein might play an important role in the survival and functional maintenance of ICs.

AIM:To study the protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PHC) on transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion injury in gerbils.METHODS:The model of transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion was established in gerbils by bilateral carotid artery clamping.The effects of PHC on neurological function scores and the morphous of hippocampal pyramidal neuron of gerbils were observed after receiving transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion.SOD activities and contents of MDA in the hippocampus and cortex of gerbils were measured.RESULTS:In the groups of PHC(0.08),(0.24)(mg?kg~(-1)) and atropine,the stroke index was decreased,compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group after the gerbils received transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion for six hours.PHC could reduce the degree of injury in hippocampal pyramidal neuron after ischemia reperfusion for three days.CONCLUSION: PHC has protective effects on transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion injury in gerbils.

AIM To investigate the protective effect of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (?-OH) against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils and the neuroprotective mechanism of ?-OH. METHODS The occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries of gerbil was used to make the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models. Different doses of ?-OH were administered intraperitoneally 40 min prior to the onset of ischemia. After 10 min ischemia and 1 h reperfusion, bilateral hippocampus, cortex and striatum were taken out to measure ATPase, SOD and MDA. RESULTS The contents of MDA markedly elevated while Na +,K +-ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase and SOD activities decreased in hippocampus, cortex and striatum 1 h after ischemia-reperfusion. ?-OH administered prior to ischemia can partly reverse the elevation of MDA contents and the reduction of SOD activities. ?-OH given after ischemia can still provide partly protective effect. CONCLUSION ?-OH provides significant protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting ATPase and SOD activities, deleting free radicals and reducing the lipid peroxidation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the new fine structure processing strategy(FS4) compared to the previous generation coding strategy HDCIS. METHOD: Twelve post-lingual hearing-impaired cochlear implant users were included. FS4 and HDCIS were compared in music pitch perception and speech perception test. RESULT: Acute comparison between FS4 and HDCIS showed that FS4 performed as well as HDCIS in speech perception tests, and outperformed HDCIS in music pitch perception. CONCLUSION Results indicate that FS4 performs better than HDCIS in music perception. Differences between the two strategies were not significant for speech test.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; rehabilitation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pitch Perception ; Speech Perception ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the quantitative analysis value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for early changes of calf muscle in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without peripheral ischemia.Methods:From September 2018 to March 2019, 20 male T2DM patients (age: 45-64 years) without peripheral ischemia and 20 matched male healthy controls (age: 46-62 years) who performed lower limb DTI in Wuxi Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were prospectively analyzed. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and λ 1, λ 2, λ 3 values of medial head of gastrocnemius (GM), lateral head of gastrocnemius (GL), tibialis anterior(TA) and soleus muscles(SOL) were measured respectively. The differences of DTI diffusion characteristics between 2 groups were compared by using independent-sample t test, and the correlation between FA, ADC and body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The ADC of TA and SOL in T2DM group ((1.77±0.15) and (1.83±0.10)×10 -3 mm 2/s) was higher than that in control group ((1.66±0.11) and (1.75±0.16)×10 -3 mm 2/s); λ 1, λ 2, and λ 3 of TA in the T2DM group ((2.30±0.21), (1.63±0.17) and (1.38±0.13)×10 -3 mm 2/s) were higher than those in control group ((2.17±0.12), (1.51±0.13) and (1.31±0.12)×10 -3 mm 2/s); λ 2 and λ 3 of SOL were also higher than those in control group ((1.74±0.11) vs (1.64±0.18)×10 -3 mm 2/s and (1.53±0.12) vs (1.44±0.15)×10 -3 mm 2/s; t values: 2.65-3.91, all P<0.05). There were no significant correlations between FA, ADC and BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL, LDL and TG ( r values: from -0.15 to 0.08, all P>0.05). Conclusions:Quantitative parameters of DTI, especially ADC, can sensitively detect the microstructural changes of calf muscle in T2DM patients without peripheral ischemia. TA and SOL have high sensitivity to the diffusion of T2DM-related microstructural changes.

Objective To analyze the transcription factor binding sites(TFBS)in the promoter region of E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1(MIB1)gene in zebrafish,the types of MIB1 interacting genes and proteins and their roles in signaling pathways,and to investigate the regulatory mode and potential function of MIB1 gene.Methods Non-coding RNA(ncRNA)was predicted by National Genomics Data Center(NGDC).Alggen and AnimalTFDB online software were used to predict the TFBS types of MIB1 gene.GeneMANIA and STRING were used to analyze the interacting genes and proteins of MIB1.The related data were obtained through DA-VID website,and gene ontology(GO)visual analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)metabolic pathway analysis were performed.Results ncRNA could be transcribed from the promot-er region and 5'untranslated region of MIB1 gene.A total of 121 TFBS were obtained by prediction.P53 tran-scription factor could bind to the promoter region of MIB1 gene and interact with MIB1 protein.A total of 6 co-expressed genes of MIB1 were predicted online,and 20 interacting genes were screened.GO visual analysis showed that MIB1 and its interaction genes had functions in regulating the growth and differentiation of cells,tissues and organs and regulating the NOTCH signaling pathway in the biological process,and were mainly enriched in the cytoplasmic perinuclear region,cell membrane,postsynaptic dense area and so on.It had molec-ular functions such as binding NOTCH proteins and PDZ domain proteins.KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that MIB1 and its interacting genes were involved in 4 metabolic pathways.Conclusion MIB1 con-tains a variety of TFBS,and affects a variety of biological processes such as cell carcinogenesis and immune regulation by interacting with specific transcription factors.MIB1 may also play an important role in cell growth regulation,hematopoietic stem cell differentiation,embryonic development and neuronal information transmission through the mediation of its interacting genes and proteins.

Objective To explore the effects of periesophagogastric vascular ligation on free portal pressure (FPP) and incidence of rebleeding for patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. Methods A total of 60 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension who were admitted to our hospital from October 2008 to October 2011 were selected and were allo-cated to observation group and control group according to their surgical methods, with 30 patients in each group. The observation group received periesophagogastric vascular ligation, while the control group received periesophagogastric devascularization. The curative effects of two different surgical methods in the two groups were compared. Results Vol-ume of bleeding during surgery, surgical time and other clinical indices in the observation group were all significantly smaller or shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);incidence of rebleeding and hepatic encephalopathy in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); FPP in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Periesophagogastric vascular ligation helps effectively lower FPP induced by cirrhotic portal hypertension, reduce incidence of rebleeding, and lower postoperative mortality and incidence of complications.