At present, the roles of neural plasticity and motor functional recovery in stroke have increasingly been paid attention to. The remodeling of cerebral cortex after stroke can complement the function of injured tissues, which has been confirmed by animal experiments. Functional neuroimaging technique has been gradually used in the evaluation of neural plasticity.

Purpose:To study the clinicopathological features of otolaryngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and to elucidate its diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods:The clinical data were reviewed retrospectively and immunohistochemical stains were performed in 15 cases of mucoepidermiod carcinoma.Results:The 15 patients were all male with average age of 55 years. Two histological types were found: well differentiated (14 cases), poorly differentiated (1 case). The tumor cells were positive for CK,CK8,EMA,CEA.Conclusions:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of otolaryngeal tumor is a rare tumor. It can be differentiated from other otolaryngeal tumors based on the histopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings. Histological type of the tumor is important for clinical therapy and prognostic evaluation.

Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the important risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Ultrasonography can detect carotid intima-media thickness, compositions, configuration and surface structure of plaque, severity of carotid stenosis and its hemodynamics change, thus it is helpful to estimate the mechanism of ischemia and evaluate its risk factors. So it has a wide application prospect in screening high-risk population, guiding drug administration and surgical intervention.

Objective To study the reliability and validity of the clinical neurologic deficit scale in evaluating stroke patients. Methods A total of 222 inpatients with acute stroke onset were included in the study. They were assessed when admitted, at the 14th and 90th day of hospitalization by different physicians using the clinical neurologic deficit scale. Intrarater and interrater reliability were determined using Kappa correlation. The split-half rehability and internal consistency were evaluated using Cranbach's a coefficient. Concurrent validity and the predictive validity were determined by spearman rank correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed by the factor analysis and the construct validity of the scale was measured according to the classifications of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project ischemic stroke subtypes in the patients with cerebral infarction. Results The scores of intrarater reliability in all items were higher than 0.6, the score of interrater reliability in the item "walking" was 0.542, the split-half reliability and the internal consistency were good as demonstrated by the score of 0.911 and 0.886 respectively, and assessment of reliability of different methods showed that "strength in upper limb" and "strength in hand", were poor as shown by the score of 0.393 and 0.386 respectively. The scale is highly correlated with the NIHSS ( both P=0.000) in both total and subtypes of stroke patients according to the classifications of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project by concurrent validity analysis. There was a high correlation between the scores of the scale and Barthel Index and the modified Rankin scales at the 90th day of hospitalization (both P=0.000). Conclusions The clinical neurologic deficit scale has a good internal consistency. There is concurrent validity between the scale and the NIHSS and could predict stroke outcome. Factor analysis of the scale displays the best construct validity in the patients with partial anterior circulation infarction, and could be used to evaluate the focus of vertebrobasilar artery despite its insensitivity.

Objective To design a new X-ray sensor of iono-chamber type to achieve automatic exposure control(AEC) of the X-ray machine. Methods We designed the chamber acording to the ionization theory and the requirements of automatic exposure control. Results (1) The device had double-negative poles, so the distance between positive and negative poles was 1/2 shorter and its test-volume was equal to odd-negative pole. (2)It had good property of electromagnetism-resistance because of the double shielded design by double-negative poles and screen-rings.(3) Iono-chamber was made of low-density material, so it had low absorb-ratio of X-ray and could not form image on film. Conclusion The property of the device was steady and reliable. It had applying and spreading value.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for the patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods Cochrane library, PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP database and WANFANG database were used to retrieve, in addition to manual retrieval important literature references and conference papers. The randomised controlled trials, cohort study, controlled clinical trials of the IORT in unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer were searched. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, after the extraction of literature and data, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results The total of 1 401 articles were retrieved, 7 met the inclusion criteria, including 1 for randomized controlled trials, 4 for cohort study, 2 for case-control study. 313 cases in the IORT group, 362 cases in the control group, and meta-analysis showed that IORT group was better than control group in overall survival (OS) (Z=4.15, P<0.000 1, RR=2, 95%CI 1.05-2.94). Because lack of complete data in local control rate, pain remission rate, complications, descriptive analysis was done, rather than meta-analysis. Conclusions IORT may improve the OS of patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer and the local control rate, and effectively alleviate pain with favorale safety but it still needs high quality randomized controlled trials to confirm.

Objective To study the clinical evaluation of gas exchange impairment in neonatal respiratory failure.Methods Blood gas, PaO2/PAO2, Qs/QT, PaO2/FiO2, A-aDO2 and RI of 53 newborn infants with respiratory failure in NICU of PUMCH from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1997 were measured. Results These infants were divided into two groups according to PaO2/PAO2: moderate and severe respiratory failure. Qs/QT(11±3)%, PaO2/FiO2(183±113), A-aDO2(22.9±6.8)kPa, RI(2.5 ±0.8) in 21 neonates with moderate respiratory failure; Qs/QT(24±6)%, PaO2/FiO2 (82±30), A-aDO2 (49.3 ± 17.8)kPa,RI(7.6 ±3.4) in 32 neonates with severe respiratory failure(P＜0.001). These results in respiratory failure caused by different pathogenesis were different. In meconium aspiration and pneumothorax group there were the highestQs/QT(32±3)% ,A-aDO2 (69.8 ± 12.2)kPa,RI(9.2 ±2.9)and the lowest PaO2/FiO2 (77±39). Mortality of infants with high pulmonary shunt was high. Qs/QT(17±8)% in 38 survives and (24±6)% in 10 died neonates( P＜0.05). Conclusion The clinical evaluation using these indexes for newborn infants with respiratory failure is beneficial in recognizing pathogenesis,guiding therapy and evaluating prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of HO/CO pathway on inflammation cytokines in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Thirty-six rats were executed to collect ipsilateral spinal cord tissues for HO-1 detection by Western blot assay, and cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and high mobility group box (HMGB)1 were detected by ELISA before and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after establishing incisional pain model. Additionally, 36 rats without establishment of incisional pain model were used as control group. A total of 144 model rats of incisional pain were divided into incisional pain (IP) group, IP+hemin group (100 mg/kg hemin was injected by i.p. before operation), IP+Znpp-IX group (45μmoL/kg Znpp-IX was injected by i.p. before operation) and IP+CORM-2 group (10 mg/kg CORM-2 was injected by i.p. before operation). Values of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were detected, and expressions of TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were measured by ELISA before and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation. Results Compared with pre-operation of incisional pain in rats, expression levels of HO-1 protein and cytokines TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation (P<0.05). Compared with control group, values of PWMT and PWTL were obviously decreased, and expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation in IP groups (P<0.05). Compared with IP groups, values of PWMT and PWTL were significantly increased and cytokines TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were decreased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation in IP+hemin group and IP+CORM-2 group (P<0.05). Values of PWMT and
PWTL were decreased and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased in IP+Znpp-IX group (P<0.05). Conclusion Incisional pain can increase the expression of HO-1, and HO-1/CO pathway exists the regulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of incisional pain.

Objective To evaluate the influence of autophagy on pain behavioristics and astrocytic activation in rats with inflammatory pain.Methods Seventy-eight clean male Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 12), model group (n = 42), autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rap) pretreatment group (n = 12) and autophagy inhibitor 3 methyladenine (3-MA) pretreatment group (n = 12). The inflammatory pain rat model was reproduced by subcutaneous injection of freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) 100μL at foot sole, whilein control group, the same volume 0.9% normal saline 100μL was injected at the same site. One hour before modeling, Rap 10 mg/kg and 3-MA 15 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected in rats in Rap and 3-MA pretreatment groups respectively, and the same volume of 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in rats of control and model groups. Before modeling and 6, 12, 24 hours and 3 days after modeling, the L4-L6 spinal cord tissue was harvested from 6 rats in model group, and autophagy protein membrane microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ) and autophagy related gene Beclin-1 expressions were detected by Western Blot in the tissue; the changes of pain behavioral indexes mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL,n = 6), were observed at6, 12, 24 hours and 3 days, 7 days after modeling in the 6 rats taken from each group; in another 6 rats in each group, 24 hours after modeling, L4-L6 spinal cord tissue was collected, immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the changes of astrocytes and the positive expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) under a confocal microscopy, and the protein expression quantity of GFAP was detected by Western Blot in the tissue.Results ① The inflammatory pain could induce the increase of rat autophagy protein LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 expressions in spinal cord tissue, reaching their peaks at 24 hours (A value: 0.59±0.07, 0.51±0.06, respectively), and then they were gradually decreased. ② With the prolongation of time, in the model group MWT was gradually decreased, TWL was gradually shortened, they reached their valley values at 24 hours after modeling [MWT (g): 17.8±1.9, TWL (s): 6.8±0.4], and from 12 hours they were significantly decreased compared with those in control group [12hours MWT (g): 21.5±2.4 vs. 43.4±5.1, TWL (s): 12.0±1.1 vs. 17.6±1.2, bothP < 0.05], after modeling for 3 days they were increased; Compared with model group, 12 hours after autophagy inducer Rap was given, MWT was significantly increased (g: 36.8±4.9 vs. 21.5±2.4,P < 0.05), TWL was significantly prolonged (s: 14.3±1.1 vs. 12.0±1.1,P < 0.05); from 12 hours after autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was given, MWT was further reduced (g: 18.6±1.9 vs. 21.5±2.4, P<0.05), TWL was further shortened (s: 8.4±0.6 vs. 12.0±1.1,P < 0.05). ③ Confocal microscopic findings showed, there was no significant acstrocytic change, and only litter GFAP expression was seen in control group. In model group, the inflammatory pain induced astrocyte activation, manifesting glial cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia, gelatinousnetwork deformation, and GFAP expression was obviously increased compared with that in the control group (A value: 0.54±0.09 vs. 0.16±0.02,P < 0.05). Since autophagy inducer Rap can decrease astrocyte activation and inhibit GFAP expression, there was statistical significant difference between Rap pretreatment and model groups (A value: 0.33±0.06 vs.0.54±0.09,P < 0.05); autophagy inhibitor 3-MA can further aggravate astrocytes activation and up-regulate GFAP expression in 3-MA pretreatment group (A value: 0.73±0.08 vs. 0.54±0.09,P < 0.05).Conclusion Autophagy participates in the process of astrocytic activation and pain behavioristics in rats with inflammatory pain.

Objective To observe the effect and mechanism of quercetin on the proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cell(HSC)induced by TGF-β1.Methods HSC was isolated by orthotopic hepatic perfusion with collagenase Ⅳ.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the proliferation of HSC.The expression of typeⅠcollagen in HSC was detected by ELISA.The effect of quercetin on the expression of typeⅠcollagen,Smad2 and Smad7 mRNA in HSC was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.The expression of type Ⅰ collagen,Smad2 and Smad7 protein in HSC was detected by Western blot.Results Quercetin could inhibit the proliferation of HSC,down-regulated the expression of type Ⅰ collagen,Smad2 mRNA and protein,and Smad7 mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-regulated(all P<0.05).Conclusion The anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of quercetin may be related to its blocking TGF-β1/Smad pathway of HSC and blocking the activation and proliferation of HSC.