Aim To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of madecassoside from hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (MHS)on learning and memory impair-ment induced by D-galactose (D-gal)in mice.Meth-ods Totally 75 SPF Kunming male mice were divided into normal control group,model group,low-,middle-and high-doses of MHS treated groups.The dementia models were induced with D-gal.The learning and memory functions were tested by Morris water maze, the level of Aβ1 -42 and its related proteins in the hip-pocampus was determined by Western blot,and the ex-pression of Aβ-related genes were determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with model group,MHS markedly decreased the content of Aβ1 -42 ,inhibited the expression of APP,BACE1 and CatB,but promo-ted the expression of NEP and IDE.In addition,AHS significantly increased the expression of plasticity-relat-ed proteins including PSD-95,p-NMDAR1,p-CaMKII, p-PKACβ,PKCγ,p-CREB and BDNF.Conclusions MHS could remarkably ameliorate the learning and memory impairment induced by D-gal in mice,which may be due to its ability to inhibit the Aβgeneration and deposition and promote synaptic plasticity related protein expression.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Gypsophila elegans isoorientin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human HepG2 cells. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with isoorientin 5,10,20,40,80 and 160μmol?L-1 for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. Cell survival was analyzed by MTT assay. HepG2 cells were treated with isoorientin 5,10 and 20μmol?L-1 for 48 h before the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)level was detected. After treatment with isoorientin for 24 h, the variation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored by a fluorescence probe H2DCF-DA. HepG2 apoptosis and mitochondria membrane potential(MMP)were evaluated by flow cytometry. The activi?ties of caspase 3,8 and 9 were determined by colorimetry. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined by RT-PCR,and the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Isoorientin(5-160μmol?L-1)inhibited HepG2 cell survial in a concen?tration-dependent manner,the 50%inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 62.7±9.1,47.2±11.4 and(18.2± 7.5)μmol?L-1 after treatment with isoorientin for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. Compared with the cell control group,treatment with isoorientin 5,10 and 20μmol?L-1 significantly increased the LDH level and cell apoptosis rate(P<0.05). Moreover,isoorientin 10 and 20μmol?L-1 notably increased the production of ROS,decreased the MMP(P<0.05),and increased the activities of caspase 3 and 9. RT-PCR analysis and Western blotting showed that isoorientin significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2,decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax(P<0.05),and inhibited the protein expression of cytochrome c(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Isoorientin inhibits HepG2 cell prolif?eration,but promotes cell apoptosis,which is closely related to the regulation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Objective:To investigate the implication of micro RNA-21(miR-21) in Endostar combined with X-ray irradiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CF).Methods:Rat CFs were used in this experiment and been divided into the blank control group, 10 Gy X-ray irradiation group, Endostar group, 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar group, 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar+ NC mimic group (negative control 1), 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar+ miR-21 mimic group, 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar+ NC inhibitor group (negative control 2) and 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar+ miR-21 inhibitor group. The proliferation of CF was determined by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The expression level of Collagen Ⅰ protein was analyzed by Western blot. The expression levels of Collagen Ⅰ and miR-21 mRNA were assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR).Results:In the 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar+ miR-21 mimic group, the CF proliferation, Collagen Ⅰ and miR-21 mRNA were increased significantly compared with those in the blank control group, 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar group, and negative control group 1 (all P<0.05). In the 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar+ miR-21 inhibitor group, the CF proliferation and expression levels of Collagen Ⅰ mRNA were decreased significantly compared with those in the blank control group, 10 Gy X-ray+ Endostar group and negative control group 2(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The CF proliferation and Collagen Ⅰ expression are increased when the expression level of miR-21 gene is simulated. When inhibiting the expression of miR-21 gene, the CF proliferation and Collagen Ⅰ expression are reduced.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of blood glucose fluctuation and risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with asymptomatic hypoglycemia.Methods:From September 2018 to July 2021, 342 patients with type 2 diabete mellitus who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of Hefei Hospital Affilitated to Anhui Medical University were enrolled for a retrospective study. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE), coefficient of variation (CV), 24 hour mean blood glucose level (MG), and time in range (TIR) were obtained by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). According to the results of CGM and whether the patients have hypoglycemia symptoms, they were divided into three groups: no hypoglycemia group, symptomatic hypoglycemia group, and asymptomatic hypoglycemia group. The differences in blood glucose fluctuations were compared among the three groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors in type 2 diabete mellitus patients with asymptomatic hypoglycemia. The predictive value of MAGE for asymptomatic hypoglycemia was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Compared with the non-hypoglycemia group, the TIR in asymptomatic hypoglycemia group was higher ( Z=-2.042, P=0.041). The asymptomatic hypoglycemia group had lower MG, higher MAGE and CV compared with the other two groups(all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), MAGE, and CV were the risk factors for asymptomatic hypoglycemia, while MG was the protective factor. After adjustment for other risk factors, MAGE was still associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia ( OR=1.111, 95% CI 0.999-1.235, P=0.049). The sensitivity and specificity of MAGE in predicting asymptomatic hypoglycemia were 0.769 and 0.776, respectively. Conclusions:Patients with asymptomatic hypoglycemia present with larger TIR and MAGE. MAGE, UACR, and CV were risk factors for asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Moreover, MAGE has some predictive value for the occurrence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia.