Aim To investigate whether EGCG treat-ment ameliorates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 trans-genic mice and, whether it has the ameliorating effect of p75 NTR signaling to neuronal apoptosis in the hippo-campus of APP/PS1 mice. Methods Morris water maze test and locomotivity test were used to predict be-havioral changes; further TUNEL staining and Fluoro-Jade B staining were applied to confirm the neuronal apoptosis and neuronal degeneration;Western blot was employed to detect protein expression levels of p75 NTR signaling in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Re-sults EGCG treatment dramatically ameliorated the cognitive impairments, and inhibited the neuronal ap-optosis in the APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, EGCG treat-ment dramatically inhibited the p75 NTR signaling by de-creasing the p75ICD expression, JNK2 phosphorylation, and cleaved-caspase 3 expression. Conclusion EGCG treatment dramatically ameliorates the cognitive impairments, and inhibits the neuronal apoptosis by in-hibiting the p75NTR signaling.

Aims To study the role of NGF/Trk A sig-naling pathway in Memantine ( MEM) improving APP/PS1 transgenic mice cognitive deficits and to explore its possible mechanisms. Methods Cognitive perform-ance was assessed by Morris water maze( MWM) , pas-sive avoidance test( PAT) and locomotivity test. Aβ1-42 protein levels were determined by immunohistochemis-try. The activities of AChE and ChAT were also exam-ined by ELISA and colorimetry. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NGF and its receptor TrkA and the downstream ERK pathway. Results MEM treatment significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficits, dramatically reduced the Aβ1-42 overexpres-sion. MEM increased the activity of choline acetyl-transferase( ChAT) , while decreased that of acetylcho-line esterase( AChE) . Moreover, MEM activiated NGF signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of TrkA fol-lowing the increased phosphorylation of c-Raf, ERK1/2 and downstream effector CREB after MEM treatment. Conclusion MEM treatment may activate the NGF/TrkA signaling in APP/PS1 mice to reduce amyloidosis and cognitive deficits.

Peritoneal metastasis is very common in colorectal cancer and often indicates bad prognosis. The peritoneum, which con-tains an abundant supply of blood and specific types of resident and migrating cells, lines the surface of the abdominal wall and covers the abdominal organs. The combination of cells, extracellular matrix, and local unique physicochemical composition of the abdominal cavity provide a complex and relatively stable peritoneal microenvironment. The cells in this environment can be induced by cancer cells to be involved in tumor growth, invasion, and peritoneal metastasis. This review summarizes the major cellular components in-volved in the peritoneal microenvironment.

Objective To analyze and compare the epidemiological features of Monteggia fractures between the east and west areas in China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of Monteggia fractures treated from January 2010 through December 2011 in 63 hospitals in the east and west China were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from the 35 east hospitals were classified as group A while those from the 28 west hospitals as group B.The analytic items included general situation,gender,age,and Bado classification.Results A total of 593 Monteggia fractures were included,including 428 males and 165 females,with a male to female ratio of 2.59:1.The constituent ratios of Bado classification,from high to low,were type Ⅰ (42.50％),type Ⅲ (33.22％),type Ⅱ (14.00％) and type ⅣV (10.29％).There were 376 patients in group A including 263 (69.95％) males and 113 (30.05％)females while 217 patients in group B including 165 (76.04％) males and 52 (23.96％) females.The median age in group B was 31 yearn (from 2 to 75 years),significantly older than that in group A [18 years (from 1 to 83 years)] (Z =2.877,P =0.000).The differences in constituent ratios of age and Bado classification were statistically significant between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The Monteggia fractures predominated in the age range of 0 to 10 years in group A while in the age range of 31 to 40 years in group B.The high risk fracture type was Bado type Ⅰ in group A and Bado type Ⅲ in group B.The Monteggia fractures accounted for 1.15％ of the forearm fractures and 0.19％ of the systemic fractures.Conclusions More males suffered from Monteggia fracture than females.In the east China,the high risk age range was from 0 to 10 years and the high risk type Bado type Ⅰ;in the west China,the high risk age range was from 31 to 40 years and the high risk type Bado type Ⅲ.The proportion of Bado type Ⅳ in the west China was significantly higher than in the east China.

Objective: Using previous total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP+TME) and simple total mesorectal excision (TME) without emphasis on retained nerves as control, we explore the advantages of nerve plane-oriented laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (NPO+LTME) on urinary and sexual function. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Case inclusion criteria: (1) male patients with pathologically confirmed middle and low rectal adenocarcinoma (4 to 11 cm from the anus); (2) stage T1-2tumor; (3) normal sexual life before operation. Exclusion criteria: (1) no pathological diagnosis before surgery; (2) local recurrence or distant metastasis; (3) preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; (4) opensurgery and laparoscopic surgery conversionto open; (5) no follow-up data. According to the above criteria, clinical data of 173 male patients with low and middle rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent radical operation for laparoscopic rectal cancer from July 2003 to July 2018 at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan University People′s Hospital were collected. According to different surgical methods, patients were divided into TME group (58 cases), PANP+TME group (63 cases) and NPO+LTME group (52 cases). There were no significant differences in the baseline data including age, body mass index and pathological examination between the 3 groups (all P>0.05). The nerve plane referred to the nerve, the adipose tissue, the extremely finecapillaries around the nerve with overlying fine membranous tissue. NPO+LTME referred to the process of laparoscopic TME guided by the nerve plane, performing in the loose connective tissue between the nerve plane and the rectal properfascia, in order to ensure the integrity of the nerve plane, and maximally protect the patient's urinary and reproductive functions. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, urinary catheter removal time, urinary function grading, postoperative first erection time, and erectile function and ejaculation function were observed and compared among the 3 groups at 3- and 6-month after operation. Results: In the NPO+LTME group, the PANP+TME group and the TME group, the operation time was (181.9±24.5) minutes, (176.7±29.2) minutes and (137.7±16.2) minutes, respectively (F=54.868, P<0.001); the intraoperative blood lost was (6.0±1.4) ml, (6.5±1.8) ml and (12.8±4.6) ml, respectively (F=95.016, P<0.001); the time to postoperative removal of the catheter was (2.4±1.1) days, (3.7 ±1.7) days and (6.5±2.4) days, respectively (F=79.409, P<0.001); the first postoperative erection time was (1.6±0.6) days, (8.9±2.7) days and (15.9±6.8) days (F=177.677, P<0.001), respectively, whose differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.01). In comparison of urinary function grading, the proportion of grade I (normal function, no urinary dysfunction) in the NPO+LTME, the ANP+TME group and the TME group was 84.1% (53/63), 39.7% (23/58) and 19.2% (10/52), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (H=52.915, P<0.001). At postoperative 3- and 6-month, proportion of patients with grade I erectile function (normal erectile function) was 77.8% (49/63) and 85.7% (54/63), 44.8% (26/58) and 53.4% (31/58), 28.8% (15/52) and 48.1% (25/52) in the NPO+LTME group, the PANP+TME group, and the TME group, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (H=91.709, P<0.001; H=79.692, P<0.001). The proportion of patients with grade I ejaculation function (with ejaculation, no abnormalities in routine semen examination before and after surgery) at 3- and 6-month after surgery in the NPO+LTME group, the PANP+TME group and the TME group was 82.5% (52/63) and 87.3% (55/63), 53.4% (31/58) and 60.3% (35/58), 28.8% (15/52) and 46.1% (24/52), respectively. The differences were statistically significant as well (H=86.543, P<0.001; H=78.667, P<0.001). Patients in the NPO+LTME group had no grade III erections and ejaculation disorders. Conclusion The surgical procedure of NPO+LTME can promote the recovery of postoperative neurological function and preserve urination and sexual function better.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of nerve plane-oriented laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (NPO+ LTME) for postoperative urinary and sexual function in patients with rectal cancer.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on rectal cancer patients who received surgical treatment at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018, including 114 patients in the NPO+ LTME group and 92 patients in the laparoscopic TME combined with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (LTME+ PANP) group. Surgical and tumor-related indicators were recorded and compared between the two groups, and postoperative urination and sexual function were followed up.Results:There was no significant difference in baseline indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operative time of the two groups was (150±7) min and (154±7) min, respectively ( t=3.585, P<0.05). Intraoperative bleeding was (9±3) ml and (15±6) ml ( t=7.654, P<0.05), respectively.Three months after surgery, the rate of urinary dysfunction in the NPO+ LTME group was lower than that in the LTME+ PANP group ( Z=2.549, P<0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups 6 and 12 months after surgery ( Z=0.814, P>0.05 and Z=1.275, P>0.05). At 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, the erectile function in NPO+ LTME group was better than that in LTME+ PANP group ( Z=4.917, P<0.05; Z=4.947, P<0.05 and Z=4.081, P<0.05); The rate of ejaculation dysfunction was also lower than that of the LTME+ PANP group ( Z=4.464, P<0.05; Z=4.948, P<0.05 and Z=4.434, P<0.05); In addition, postoperative female sexual function was superior to LTME+ PANP group ( Z=2.532, P<0.05; Z=2.364, P<0.05; Z=2.076, P<0.05). Conclusion:NPO+ LTME has good surgical safety and also has certain advantages for patient sexual function and early urinary function protection.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult tibial plateau fractures from 2010 to 2011 between West China and East China.Methods The data of adult patients with tibial plateau fracture treated from January 2010 to December 2011 in 63 hospitals from West China and East China were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data of 28 hospitals from West China were classified as West group while the data of 35 hospitals from East China as East group.The analytic items included gender,age,age distribution and type of Schaztker classification.Results A total of 4,603 adult tibial plateau fractures were collected.The largest age proportion was from 41 to 50 years,with 41 to 50 years in males and 51 to 60 years in females.The highest age proportion in group A was from 51 to 60 years,and that in group B was from 41 to 50 years,showing significant differences between the 2 groups in age distribution (P ＜ 0.05).There were 3,346 cases in group A,including 2,438 males and 998 females with a male to female ratio of 2.35:1;there were 1,257 cases in group A,including 821 males and 436 females with a male to female ratio of 1.88:1.There were significant differences between the 2 groups in gender distribution (P ＜ 0.05).The high-risk fracture type was Schaztker type Ⅵ in both groups,with 898 cases in group A and 411 ones in group B;the lowest fracture type was Schaztker type Ⅴ in both groups,with 214 cases in group A and 149 ones in group B.There were significant differences between the 2 groups in fracture type ratios (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adult tibial plateau fractures predominated in males in both East and West China.The average age of the patients from East China was higher than that from West China.The high-risk type was Schaztker type Ⅵ in both areas.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult patients with distal humerus fractures between the east and west China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of adult patients with distal humerus fracture treated from January 2010 to December 2011 in 63 hospitals in the east and west China were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from 35 hospitals in the east China were classified as group A,and those from 28 hospitals in the west China as group B.The analytic items included gender,age and AO/OTA classification.Results A total of 2,668 cases were collected.The median age of the 1,852 cases in group A was 42 (IQR:33) years old.The high peak age ranged from 21 to 30 years old;the gender ratio of group A was 1.18:1.The median age of the 816 cases in group B was 37 (IQR:27) years old.The high peak age ranged from 31 to 40 years old;the gender ratio of group B was 1.80:1.Group A had a significantly lower gender ratio but a significantly higher median age than group B (P ＜ 0.05).The proportions of patients from 16 to 20 and from 31 to 40 years old in group A were significantly lower than those in group B but the proportion of patients aged above 61 years old in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05).According to the AO/OTA classification,1,399 cases (52.44％) were type 13-A,682 ones (25.56％) type 13-B and 587 ones (22.00％) type 13-C.The proportions of type 13-A and type 13-A1 in group A were significantly lower than in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fractures of the distal humerus mostly occurred in the age range from 21 to 40 years old and in males.Type 13-A fractures were the most common.The east China had a significantly higher proportion of female patients,an older median age and a lower proportion of type 13-A1 fracture than the west China.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult pelvic fractures between West China and East China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of adult pelvic fractures treated from January 2010 to December 2011 in 63 hospitals in West China and East China were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from the 35 hospitals in East China were assigned into group A and those from the 28 hospitals in West China into group B.The analytic items included gender,age,age distribution and type of AO classification.Results A total of 7,896 cases were collected.In group A of 5,683 cases,there were 2,829 males and 2,854 females,with a male to female ratio of 0.99∶1 and a median age of 42 years (interquartile range,from 30 to 55 years).In group B of 2,213 cases,there were 1,123 males and 1,090 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.03∶1 and a median age of 41 years (interquartile range,from 31 to 54 years).There was no significant difference in the male to female ratio between the 2 groups (x2 =0.594,P =0.441) but there was a significant difference in the median age (Z =-4.344,P =0.000).The age distribution showed that the peak range was from 31 to 40 years in group A (with a proportion of 21.50％) and from 41 to 50 years in group B (with a proportion of 23.41％),showing no significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).In both groups,type 61-A was the high risk type of fracture (82.23％ in group A and 86.08％ in group B),and type 61-A2 the high risk subtype of fracture (41.47％ in group A and 54.36％ in group B),showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions East China and West China had similar male to female ratios in pelvic fractures.Generally,the patients in West China were younger,for the most patients in East China were aged from 31 to 40 years and those in West China from 41 to 50 years.In both East China and West China,type 61-A2 and subtype 61-A2 were the most common,but the proportions of type 61-A2 and subtype 61-A2 were higher in West China than in East China.

Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics of scapular neck fracture between the east and west areas in China from 2010 through 2011.Methods Tbe data of scapular neck fractures treated between January 2010 and December 2011 at 35 east hospitals and 28 west ones were analyzed retrospectively.The patients' gender,age and Miller classification were documented.The data from the 35 east hospitals were classified as group A while the data from the 28 west ones as group B.Comparisons were made to find out the general epidemiological characteristics.Results A total of 584 scapular neck fractures were collected.The total male/female ratio was 3.46∶ 1.The scapular neck fractures predominated in an age range from 41 to 50 years (25.17％).According to the Miller classification,there were 150 cases (25.68％) of type Ⅰ,306 ones (52.40％) of type Ⅱ and 128 ones (21.92％) of type Ⅲ.426 cases (72.95％) were stable fractures and 158 ones (27.05％) unstable fractures.The male/female ratio was 3.64∶1 in group A of 427 patients and 3.03∶1 in group B of 157 patients.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in male/female ratio (P ＞ 0.05).The median age of group A (44 years) was significantly older than that of group B (39 years).The fractures predominated in an age range from 41 to 50 years (24.36％) in group A and in the age range from 31 to 40 years (36.31％) in group B.The most frequent fracture type was type Ⅱ in both groups,accounting for 51.52％ and 54.78％ respectively.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in distribution of Miller classification (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The peak age of scapular neck fractures was from 41 to 50 years,the high-risk type was Miller type Ⅱ and stable fractures were more common.There were more male patients than female ones.The median age in the east area was older than that in the west area.