Objective To observe the effect of valsartan combined with salvia miltiorrhiza ligustrazine in treating early diabetic nephropathy(DN),looking for an effective method for the treatment of early DN.Methods 51 DN patients were divided into two groups,28 cases in the treatment group were treated with valsartan and salvia miltiorrhiza ligustrazine therapy,23 cases in the control group only received valsartan treatment.Fasting blood glucose before and after treatment (FPG),2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),BUN,Scr,urine albumin excretion rate(UAER) index were detected.Results Before and after treatment,FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,UAER in the two groups had statistically significant differences (t =5.361,6.458,3.026,7.894,5.648,7.604,6.590,8.652,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,2hPG,HbA1c,UAER between the two groups had statistically significant differences (t =3.125,3.520,3.881,all P ＜ 0.05).No statistical difference was observed before and after treatment in two groups of BUN,Scr (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Valsartan combined with salvia tetramethylpyrazine in treatment of early DN was more effective than single valsartan treatment,and no significant adverse reactions was found in combined treatment.Therefore,the combined treatment can be used as a new method for clinical treatment of early DN.

Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of plasma tissue factor pathway (TFP) levels during the onset of acute ischemic cardiac and cerebral vessel disease. Methods The study population consisted of 69 patients with AMI and 71 with AICS as well as 50 age-matched healthy volunteers. Blood samples were obtained during the onset period of AMI and AICS. Tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) activity in plasma were assayed with the chromogenic assay, Plasma TF and TFPI antigen were measured with ELISA, Plasma FⅦ coagulation activity (FⅦ:C) was developed in the one- stage system. Plasma FⅦa was determined by soluble TF assay, plasma prothrombin (FII) and fibrinogen (Fbg) were measured by one-stage amidolytic assay and thrombin time (TT) respectively. Results In the AMI group, compared with the control group, plasma TF activities and antigens, TFPI activities and antigens as well as FⅦa were significantly higher(all P0.05), plasma FII and Fbg were also remarkably increased (both P0.05). Conclusion The initiation of TF pathway would be associated with the onset of AMI and AIS, but the changes of TF, TFPI, FⅦ:C and Fbg in AMI are different from those in AICS, endothelial dysfunction and the blood is in hypercoagulable state.

Objective To explore methods for establishinga cellu lar injury model of blood stasis syndrome (BSS). Methods Two experiments were c arried out. In the first experiment,the injured vascular endothelial cell model of BSS was established by the culture of vascular endothelial cell, and in the seco nd experiment, the vascular endothelial cell injured by the serum of BSS rabbit was cultured. Results In the first experiment, pathological features and end ocrine dysfunction in the primary cultured endothelial cell were similar to the B SS rabbit model, but the above changes did not remain in the subculture. The above changes were also found in the second experiment and were easy to be repea ted. Conclusion The injured vascular endothelial cell model of BSS establis hed b y the above methods reflects or partially reflects the structure and function of BSS rabbit model and the patients with BSS, and can be used to study the pathol ogical mechanism of BSS and therapeutic effect of blood_circulation activating a nd blood_stasis removing herbs.

Tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)is a main active alkaloid ingredient of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ligusticum chuanqiong Hort. The article reviews the protection of TMP against pathological damage and nervous retardation disease in central nervous and peripheral nervous system and summarizes the mechanisms in basic research,clinical practice and so on.

Objective To explore the clinical value of wave intensity(WI) in assessing left ventricular systolic function of patients with impaired glucose regulation.Methods 72 people were involved in this study,according to their plasma glucose levels,subjects were categorized as normal plasma glucose group (group A),newly categorized impaired fasting glucose group (group B) and pre-diabetes group (group C).Carotid WI examination was performed and analyzed.The parameters included magnitude of the peak during early systole (W1),amplitude of the peak during late systole (W2),interval between R wave of electrocardiogram and W1 (R-W1),interval between W1 and W2 (W1-W2),stiffness parameter (β),pressure strain elasticity modulus(Ep) and arterial compliance(AC).Echocardiographic indices including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) and the peak velocity of mitral annulus at systolic phase(Sm) were determined in each subject.Results Compared to group A,W1,W2,β,Ep increased significantly while AC decreased in group C(P ＜0.05).However,this difference did not persist in group B.Compared to group A,LVEF and LVFS were not observed significantly different in group B and group C.Conclusions WI is a hemodynamic method which not only can evaluate left ventricular systolic function of impaired glucose regulation subjects but also be more sensitive than routine echocardiography.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) ligand LPS-mediated inhibition hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in Bewo cells.MethodsFirst of all,2 μg 1.3-fold HBV recombinant vector pcDNA3.1 ( + )-HBV1.3 were transfected into Bewo cells,after 12 h,the cells were treated with LPS for 3 d.To observe the kinetics of IFN-β and TNF-α expression in Bewo cells,the Bewo cells were exposed to TLR4 ligand LPS.And the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC),an inhibitor of NF-κB,on LPS-induced cytokines was also observed.The HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA level in the culture supernatant were detected by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) and fluorescence quantitative PCR,respectively,and the expression of IFN-β,TNF-α,TRIF and MyD88 was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR,respectively.ResultsCompared with control group,LPS could significantly suppress HBV replication in Bewo cells ( P ＜0.01 ),and it could induce the production of TNFα in Bewo cells ( P ＜ 0.05 ),in time-and dose-dependent manners.PDTC strongly inhibited LPS and induced TNF-α production,but had no much effect on IFN-β in Bewo cells ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Compared with control group,the mRNA levels of MyD88 were significantly induced by LPS in the Bewo cells transfected with this recombinant vector( P ＜ 0.001 ).ConclusionsTLR4 ligand LPS could significantly suppress HBV replication by inducing TNF-α production in Bewo cells mainly via the MyD88/ NF-κB signal pathway.

Objective To evaluate the treatment effects of the olecranon comminuted fracture by the angle stability prin-ciple combined with support under the articular surface. Methods From November 2008 to June 2012, 13 patients (7 male and 6 female, aged from 20 to 77 years) suffered from olecranon comminuted fracture were treated with Synthes anatomy locking com-pression plate and screws combined with Kirschner wires supporting under the articular surface through the posterior median ap-proach. Fractures occurred in the left elbow in 9 and in the right elbow in 4. According to the Mayo classification, 11 cases were classified as Mayo type IIB and 2 as IIIB. According to the Schatzker-Schmeling classification, 2 fractures were type A2, 9 type C, and 2 type D. One patient with type C fracture also had type I coronoid fracture according to Regan and Morrey classification. The Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI) and the shortened disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (Quick-DASH) were employed to evaluate the functions. All patients took the satisfaction survey and X-ray during the follow-up. Results All patients were fol-lowed-up for 8 to 41 months. The mean ROM of the elbow joint was 112° (range, 65°-140° ), and the mean rotation angle of the forearm was 170° (range, 150°-180°). The mean score for the MEPI was 96 (range, 85-100), excellent 12, good 1. The mean score for the Quick-DASH was 6.2 (range, 0-16.7). In the satisfaction survey, 8 patients were very satisfied, 4 satisfied, 1 common level. All patients took the X-ray during the follow-up and all of them had achieved fracture union completely with the mean time period as 12.7 weeks (range, 11-24 weeks). No cubitus varus, valgus, and instability were found in all patients. No complication, such as infection, ulnar nerve injuries and etc. was found. Five patients complained about mild discomfort caused by internal fixation at 3 months after surgery. Three of them were diagnosed as joint stiffness because of ROM within 100° . One case in 3 elbow stiffness patients developed osteoarthritis after eight months, but no pain during joint activity. Internal fixation was removed in one case;an-other young patient took the operation for removal of internal fixation and release of medial ligament;the third patient refused oper-ation. Conclusion Angle stability principle (Synthes anatomy locking compression plate and screws) combined with supporting under the articular surface (Kirschner wires) can achieve stable fixation in treating olecranon comminuted fracture. It may realize the early exercise of the elbow joint with excellent clinical results. Therefore, it may be an optional choice in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the probable pathologic basis of amido proton transfer(APT) imaging by analysing APT signal intensity and pathologic features of different grades of glioma.Methods Twenty-eight patients with glioma confirmed by postoperative pathology underwent APT scan.All the patients were divided into two groups,including 11 cases in low grade (WHO Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and 17 cases in high grade (WHO Ⅲ and Ⅳ) group.The APT rate of tumor core was measured.The specimens were processed with routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 and CD34.Independent-samples t test was used to detect the difference of APT rate,cellularity,microvessel density and Ki-67 labeling indices of tumor core between low grade and high grade group.Pearson correlation analysis and multi-variable linear regression analysis were used to detect the relationship of APT rate with cellularity,microvessel density and Ki-67 labeling indices of the tumor core.Results The APT rate,cellularity and proliferation index were (2.3±0.6) ％,(9.4±2.4) ％ and (14.2±5.4) ％ in low grade group,while (3.6±0.7) ％,(18.4±4.7) ％ and (31.7±4.5) ％ in high grade group,respectively.Microvessel density was (19.0±7.4) per high-power field in low grade group and (38.9±11.3) in high grade group.There were statistical differences of the APT rate,cellularity,microvessel density and proliferation index between the low grade group and the high grade group (t=-4.94,-5.89,-5.13,and-9.28,respectively,P＜0.01).The APT rate was positive correlated with cellularity,microvessel density and proliferation index.The coefficient of correlation were 0.904,0.598,and 0.750,respectively,(P＜0.01).Multiple linear correlative analysis showed that increasing cellularity (X1),microvessel density (X2) and proliferation index (X3) were the main factors for increasing APT rate,and the correlation equation was Y=0.801 + 0.12X1-0.003X2 + 0.026X3 (F=46.437,P＜0.01,R2=0.853).Conclusions The APT signal intensity of the tumor core could reflect the pathologic features of glioma.The APT rate was positive correlated with cellularity,microvessel density and proliferation index,which indicate the higher APT rate the higher grade tumor.

Aim The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of GSTP1 codon 105 polymorphism, alone and in combination with GSTM1-deletion polymorphism, on erythrocyte GST activity in 196 Han Chinese. Methods GST activity was measured in healthy Chinese by a spectrophotometric method (n=196;101 males and 95 females; age range 21～81 years; median 43.5 years). GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by a PCR-Multiplex procedure, whereas GSTP1 polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was 56.1% and the frequency of I/I, I/V, and V/V genotypes was 60.7%, 35.2% and 4.1%, respectively, in Han Chinese. The mean erythrocyte GST enzyme activity for I/V genotype group(3.53?0.63 U?g -1Hb) was significantly lower than that for I/I genotypes (4.25?1.07 U?g -1Hb, P=0.000), while significantly higher than that for V/V genotypes (2.44?0.67 U?g -1Hb, P=0.004). In GSTM1(-) group, the GST activity of carriers of GSTM1(-)/GSTP1- I/I is significantly higher than that of GSTM1(-)/GSTP1- I/V or-V/V, however, in GSTM1(+) group, there is no difference between different subgroups. There was no significant difference in the mean GST activity among different age groups. Erythrocyte GST activities were significantly higher in females than in males, but not significantly. Conclusion The GST activity measured by CDNB-based assay is probably strongly correlated with the GSTP1 105Val genotype, although other GST enzymes would tend to dilute the GSTP1 genotype effect.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD) on vascular endothelial cells (VEC) injured by the serum of blood_stasis_syndrome ( BSS) rabbits. Methods The morphological features of VEC cultured with norma l rabbit serum (Group A), BSS rabbit serum(Group B), the serum of normal rabbit medicated with XZD(Group C) and the serum of BSS rabbit medicated with XZD(Group D) were observed respectively under light microscope and electron microscope. Results Under light microscope, VEC was shrinked, intercellular space widene d and cytoplasm contained dark granules in Group B. The change of intercellular space was not obvious in Group D. Under electron microscope, pinocytotic vesicle s increased, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) decreased and dilated, mitochondr ia became smaller and indistinct and only a small amount of microvilli appeared on cell membrane with top expanded and merged in VEC of Group B as compared with Group A and Group C. Less RER but no dilatation and fewer microvilli without to p merged were found in VEC of Group B. Conclusion The serum of BSS rabbits c an injury normal VEC cultured in vitro and XZD exerts a certain protective effe ct on VEC injured by the serum of BSS rabbits.