Objective To analyze the Cost-effect of small cell lung cancer by drug economics.Methods 55 patients of small cell lung cancer were devided into 3 groups,CAV,PE and GP scheme,we evaluated the cost and effect based on drug economics.Results The effectiveness rate of CAV was 50 %,the cost of CAV was 340.76 yuan(RMB),the cost of 1 % increasing of effectiveness rate was 6.82 yuan(RMB);The effectiveness rate of PE was 71.9%,the cost of PE was 755.26 yuan(RMB),the cost of 1% increasing of effectiveness rate was 10.5 yuan(RMB);The effectiveness rate of GP was 85.7%,the cost of GP was 12 372.04 yuan(RMB),the cost of 1% increasing of effectiveness rate was 144.36 yuan(RMB).Conclusion PE is the most reasonable chemotherapy scheme for small cell lung cancer.

8 oocytes) according to the number of oocytes collected in one ovary. On day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection, PSV, EDV, PI, RI, S/D of ovarian stromal artery in the ovarian were detected and perifollicular vascularity were graded with color Doppler ultrasonography. Results Not only PSV and EDV of stromal artery but also perifollicular vascularity in low-response group was significantly lower than that of normal-response and high-response groups. PSV and EDV of ovarian stromal artery and perifollicular vascularity were highly interrelated with ovarian response. Conclusions The increase of PSV and EDV of ovarian stromal artery and perifollicular vascilarity indicate the improvement of perfusion in ovary and ovarian response.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of minimally invasive corticotomy on the treatment time and molar anchorage of adult orthodontic extraction cases.Methods:60 adult cases of Angle Class Ⅰ crowding malocclusion were devided into 3 groups (n =20) and treated by orthodontic treatment wtih minimally invasive corticotomy(group A),orthodontic treatment with classic modified corticotomy(group B) and routine orthodontic treatment (group C) respectively.Time needed for leveling and alignment,space closure,delicate adjustment,total treatment time and mesial sagittal antedisplacement of first molar anchorage were compared among the 3 groups.Results:Time needed for leveling and alignment of orthodontic treatment of group A,B and C was (5.64 ± 2.57),(4.91 ± 3.31) and (8.87 ± 3.75) months respectively(C vs A or B,P ＜ 0.01).Time needed for space closure of group A,B and C was (6.84 ± 2.69),(6.64 ± 3.87) and (8.63 ± 3.29) months respectively(C vs A or B,P ＜0.01).Time needed for delicate adjustment showed no significant difference among the 3 groups(P ＞ 0.05).Total treatment time of group A,B and C was (16.07 ± 6.21),(15.77 ± 5.11)and (21.94 ± 5.74) months respectively (C vs A or B,P ＜ 0.01).There was on statistical difference of mesial sagittal antedisplacement of first molar anchorage among the 3 groups.Conclusion:Minimally invasive corticotomy can shorten the orthodontic treatment time,but can not decrease the retraction resistance of the anterior teeth.

Objective To evaluate the value of angled insonation technique in obtaining the volumes of the fetal palate and in three-dimensional post-processing.Methods Five hundred and sixty-six cases of 20~28 weeks fetuses with normal face were confirmed by systemic ultrasound examinations and post-natal examination.The volumes in the standard midsagittal plane and angled midsagittal plane were obtained,then post-processed these data by 4D-View software.The same technology was used for volume data acquisition and processing to 1 case of cleft lip and palate fetal.Results In 566 fetuses,two groups of volume data were successfully acquired in 458 cases (standard midsagittal plane group) and 411 cases (angled midsagittal plane group).Fetal primary palate in the standard group and the angled group can be both well visualized(100%).Axial plane of hard palate can not be reconstructed in the standard group.Only 36% of the fetal hard palate's coronal plane and transoral oblique coronal plane can be reconstructed.The visualization rate of soft palate was 87% in the standard group,which was slightly higher than the angled group (82%).The visualization rate of hard palate's axial plane,coronal plane and transoral oblique coronal plane was 100% respectively in the angled group.Cleft alveolar process involving the secondary palate can be clearly visualized in 1 case of cleft lip and palate fetus.Conclusions By using the angled insonation technique,which is based on clearly visualizing secondary palate to obtain volumes,using three-dimensional post-processing technique can obtain the conventional three orthogonal planes and any other section of the whole palate.By using it we can assess the integrity of fetal palate,diagnose cleft lip with or without cleft palate and classify the cleft palate,even make prenatal diagnosis of the isolated cleft palate possible.

Objective To investigate the influences of UVA on the secretion and expression of chemokine CXCL11/I-TAC by HaCaT cells induced by interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Methods HaCaT cells were cultured in the presence of IFN-7 and TNF-a and irradiated with UVA of 2, 4 and 8 J/cm~2, respectively; those cells receiving neither treatment with IFN-γ or TNF-α nor UVA irradiation served as the negative control, and those receiving only cytokine treatment but no irradiation as the positive control. After another 24-hour culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the protein levels of CXCL11/I-TAC in the supernatant of HaCaT celb, real time PCR to measure the mRNA expression of CXCL11/I-TAC in these HaCaT cells. Results As far as the negative control HaCaT cells were concerned, there was a minor secretion of CXCL11/I-TAC protein and expression of CXCL11/I-TAC mRNA. After treatment with IFN-7 and TNF-a of 10 μg/L, the protein and mRNA expressions of CXCL11/ I-TAC were synergistically upregulated, whereas the induced secretion and expression of CXCL11/I-TAC by HaCaT cells were dose-dependently inhibited by UVA irradiation. Conclusions UVA irradiation inhibits the secretion and expression of CXCL11/I-TAC by HaCaT cells, which in turn suppresses the chemotaxis of Th1/ Tel cells in some degree.

Objective To discuss effect of centralized training of basic operational skills for nursing students before nursing practice. Methods 176 student nurses in 2007 were set as the control group,320 nursing students in 2008 as the experimental group. The control group began practice after routine pre -practice education, based upon this, the experimental group carried out centralized training of basic operational skills for one week, only those who passed the examination could began practice, those who failed the examination should continued the training till they passed the examination. Time cost to master the operational skills, operational assessment results and evaluation of nursing practice by teachers were compared between the two groups. Results Compared to the control group, time cost to master the operational skills shortened, operational assessment results and evaluation of nursing practice by teachers improved in the experimental group. Conclusions Through centralized training of basic operational skills, time cost to master the operating skills of basic nursing by nursing students shortened, operational capability of nursing students can be improved, and the clinical nursing teaching quality can be promoted.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Th1 chemokine CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL11,Th2 chemokine CCL22 and their receptors in the lesions of bullous pemphigoid (BP).Methods:Immunohistochemical assay was performed to detect the expression of CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL11,CCL22 and their receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 in BP lesions and normal control skin.Results:CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL11,CCL22,CXCR3 and CCR4 were overexpressed in BP lesions than those in normal control skin (P＜0.01).The positive rates of CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL11 and CXCR3 in BP lesions were 50%(15/30),46.7%(14/30),46.7%(14/30) and 53.3%(16/30),respectively.The positive rates of CCL22 and CCR4 were 66.7% (20/30) and 56.7% (17/30).Conclusion:The overexpression of Th1 chemokine CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL11,Th2 chemokine CCL22 and their receptors may play important roles in the pathogenesis of BP.

Objective To explore the correlation between the distribution of uric acid (UA) level and the biochemical indicators which reflect the degree of organ lesions among hospitalized children.Methods Patients who were hospitalized to the Department of Pediatrics and received the blood UA test from June 2012 to October 2013 were included,23 217 cases in total.The biochemical analyzer-Japan's Olympus AU 2700 was used to detect blood biochemistry; and uricase-peroxidase coupling method was used to detect blood UA.Among these patients,2 099 cases whose UA level exceeded the normal level.Then the patients' gender,age,primary diagnosis and UA level were recorded; and the distribution of their UA level was described.The Chi-square or Fisher test was used to assess the incidence rate.At the same time,each blood biochemical indicators of the patients with high UA level were recorded ; and the relationships between the blood UA of the 1 650 patients with complete records and each blood biochemical indicator were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis.Results The incidence rate of hyperuricemia among the hospitalized children was 9.04％(2 099/23 217).In particular,the incidence rate among boys and girls was 6.5t％(890/13 657) and 12.65％ (1 209/9 560) respectively (x2 =256.9,P＜0.05).The incidence rate of hyperuricemiin different diseases was as follows:in the critical illness 36.93％ (113/306),neonatal disease 20.34％ (922/4 533),urinary system diseases 12.08％ (47/389),circulatory system diseases 11.67％ (21/180),nervous system diseases 11.05％(112/1 014),digestive diseases 10.50％(190/1 810),infectious diseases 10.18％(120/1 179),blood diseases 7.58％ (55/726),endocrine system diseases 5.74％ (17/296),autoimmune diseases 4.24％ (48/1 131),respiratory diseases 3.90％ (454/11 653) respectively (x2=1423.0,P＜0.05).The incidence of hyperuricemia at younger than one month was 18.31％(929/5 075),younger than one year old was 4.22％ (359/8 501),younger than six years old was 10.68％(600/5 618),younger than 15 years old was 5.24％ (211/4 023) respectively (x2=858.5,P＜0.05).Blood UA was positively correlated to urea nitrogen,creatinine,lacticdehydrogenase,α-hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB (r=0.426,0.44,0.324,0.367,0.413,0.431,P＜0.05).Blood UA was not correlated to fructosamine,blood glucose,triglycerides,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein.Conclusion The incidence of hyper-uricemia among hospitalized children is high; and the incidence among children with severe diseases and newborn babies is high; followed by in children with urinary system and circulatory system diseases.The blood UA level is closely related to the blood biochemical indicators which reflect the lesions of heart and kidney.

Objective To observe the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in predicting cardiovascular damage in Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods Enzyme-linked fluorescence analysis (ELFA) technique was used to measure serum NT-proBNP levels in 406 KD patients [including 104 cases of incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD)] at the acute phase,the convalescent stage,at the same time,the blood HDL-C,Albumin,globulin,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),C-reactive protein (CRP),red blood cell sedimentation rate (ESR),blood white cell count (WBC),hemoglobin (Hb),blood platelet count (PLT) level were tested.According to the results of echocardiography,electrocardiogram,myocardial enzymes in KD,patients were divided into two groups:two hundred and twenty-two with cardiovascular damage and 184 without cardiovascular damage group.The age,gender,fever,the first application of the intravenous gamma globulin,laboratory markers of clinical features observed above the detection levels were compared,and these parameters for each group were compared using t test or analysis of variance,the single factor which was statistically significant were received operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Then the cardiovascular damage group was divided into echocardiography abnormal group and echocardiography normal group,and t test was adopted to compare the clinical parameters of the two groups.Results ① The age,lip and oral changes,the first application of intravenous gamma globulin,blood NT-proBNP,HDL-C,albumn and ALT was significantly different between the cardiovascular damage group and non cardiovascular damage group (t/x22=4.989,4.721,6.212,18.834,12.788,4.851,4.541,All P＜0.05).② When the blood NT-pro-BNP was higher than 786.5 ng/L,its sensitivity and specificity for differentiating KD with cardiovascular damage was 86.5％ and 84.8％,respectively.When the blood HDL-C was lower than 0.655 mmol/L,its sensitivity and specificity for differentiating KD with cardiovascular damage was 80.4％ and 69.4％ respectively.When the blood NT-proBNP was higher than 786.5 ng/L in addition to HDL-C lower than 0.655 mmol/L,the specificity for differentiating KD with cardiovascular damage was 91.8％.③ For the 222 cases with cardiovascular dam-age,their blood NT-proBNP,HDL-C levels were statistically significantly different between the echocardiogra-phy abnormal group and echocardiography normal group (t=3.354,4.084,All P＜0.05).④ The serum NT-proBNP,ALT levels of the 406 acute and convalescent KD patients were significantly higher than the recovery phase.The blood HDL-C,albumin level of acute patients were significantly lower than those at the recovery phase,the difference was statistically significant (t=22.335,4.951,20.334,15.073,All P＜0.05).⑤ One hundred and four children with IKD were divided into patients with cardiovascular damage (74 cases) and without cardiovascu-lar damage (30 cases),the age,lip and oral changes,the first application of intravenous gamma globulin,blood NT-proBNP,HDL-C,albumin and ALT were significantly differentbetween these two groups (t=3.083,2.157,6.423,6.409,3.649,8.658,All P＜0.05).Conclusion Blood NT-proBNP and HDL-C are good pre-dictive parameters in children with cardiovascular damage of KD,IKD.