OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Shenshuning Recipe (SSNR) on gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in renal tissues in rats with glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Glomerulosclerosis was induced in 42 rats by unilateral nephrectomy and intravenous injection of doxorubicin. Then these 42 rats were randomly divided into three groups: untreated group, SSNR-treated group and benazepril-treated group. Another eight rats were included into sham-operation group. The rats in the SSNR-treated group and the benazepril-treated group were fed SSNR or benazepril respectively for 8 weeks. The levels of 24 h urine protein (Upr), serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of rats in each group were examined. The renal morphological changes were observed under microscope, and the diameter of glomerular capillary, mesangial matrix and glomerulosclerosis index were analyzed by image analysis software. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to detect the gene expression of HGF in the renal tissues. RESULTS: The levels of 24 h Upr, serum Cr and BUN in the untreated group were remarkably increased than those in the sham-operation group (P<0.01). The pathological morphological changes in the untreated group showed that the glomerulosclerosis was diffused around the renal tissue and the capillaries were shrunk. The expression level of mesangial matrix was up-regulated and the glomerulosclerosis index was 3.32+/-0.35. The expression level of HGF mRNA in the untreated group was obviously lower than that in the sham-operation group (P<0.05). The levels of 24 h Upr, serum Cr and BUN in the SSNR-treated group and the benazepril-treated group were remarkably decreased as compared with those in the untreated group, while the expression levels of HGF mRNA were both obviously higher than that in the untreated group (P<0.01). The pathological morphological changes in the SSNR-treated group and the benazepril-treated group were both alleviated. There was no significant difference in therapeutic effect between the SSNR-treated group and the benazepril-treated group. CONCLUSION: Shenshuning Recipe can up-regulate the expression of HGF mRNA, decrease the mesangial matrix, and improve the renal function, so that it may retard the development of glomerulosclerosis.

Objective:To explore the competency for the assistant general practitioners in China to provide theoretical support for the construction of the post competence model of assistant general practitioners and training and evaluation of assistant general practitioners.Methods:During January 22 to June 18, 2019, Using snowball sampling method and behavioral event interviews, 23 general practitioners and assistant general practitioners were interviewed in China, including 14 general practitioners in the superior performance group and 9 assistant general practitioners in the average performance group. The interview contents were coded and analyzed, and the statistical methods of t test and rank sum test of two independent samples were used to screen competency characteristics and construct the competence model of assistant general practitioners.Results:The total classification consistency and the total coding reliability coefficient was respectively 0.79, 0.87. 59 competency characteristics of assistant general practitioners were obtained including 3 differentiated competency characteristics "Understanding the medical and health system and related policies", "Critical thinking skills" and "General practitioner clinical thinking" and 10 baseline competency characteristics. There was no statistically significant difference between the average performance group and the superior performance group in the total frequency of competency [(29.4±12.7) times to (23.4±7.0) times, t=1.27, P=0.22]. Conclusion:The preliminary competency characteristics of assistant general practitioners have good reliability and can provide references for further exploration of the competency model.

The right ventricle was considered had not played a major role in the achievement of the whole cardiac function.With the progress of researches on right ventricular structure and function,people are gradually aware of the important role of right ventricular morphology and function in clinical and prognostic evaluation.As a result,a variety of imaging technologies for overall evaluating the right ventricular functions have been developed.With the development of echocardiography,speckle tracking imaging (STI) technology has been widely used in right ventricular function evaluation.The STI technology provides a new simple and practical method for right ventricular function evaluation and research,as well as the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of the right ventricular function associated heart and lung diseases.In this paper,the principle,method and importance of STI technology in right ventricular function evaluation and the problems in clinical application were summarized.

OBJECTIVETo explain a method for lower face and anterior neck reconstruction.

METHODSTissue expanders were implanted subcutaneously beside the defect. When the skin was properly expanded, the bipedicled expanded skin flap was created and transferred to the lower face and the anterior neck. If the defect can not be repaired by one stage, the expanded skin was re-expanded for the rest.

RESULTS11 patients have been treated with this method since 1990. All flaps survived and all the defects have been successfully repaired with satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONThe bipedicled expanded flap, which provided good blood supply, improved the survival rate of the flap and reduced the incision scar on the face, is an effective surgical procedure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the expression of interferon induced protein (IP)-10 and the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) under the action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods RPMCs were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rat peritoneal cavity and cultured under defined in vitro conditions.The cells were exposed respectively to different concentrations of LPS (0,10,100,1 000,10 000 ng/ml) for 3 h or treated with LPS (100 ng/ml)for different time points (0,1,3,6,12,24,48 h).For observing the effect of LPS on the expression of p-p65 and p65,the RPMCs were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for different time points (0,15,30,60,120 min).For observing the effect of BAY11-7085 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA,the RPMCs were treated by LPS or pretreated with BAY11-7085 (5 μ mol/L) for2 h,then treated with LPS for another 3 h,respectively.Expression of IP-10 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Expression of NF-κB and p-NF-κB protein was detected by Western blot.The secretion of IP-10 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared with the control group,stimulation of RPMCs with 10 ng/ml LPS resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IP-10 mRNA (P ＜0.05).1 000 ng/ml LPS has the strongest effect on IP-10 expression compared with that of 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml LPS.Treatment with 100 ng/ml LPS resuhed in time-dependent increase in the gene level of IP-10,with the peak at 3 h.However,after that time point,the gene level of them was gradually attenuated.Following treatment with LPS (100 ng/ml),the level of p-NF-κB began to increase at 15 min,gradually reached the peak at 1 hour,and then decreased.But the level of which at 2 h is still significant higher than that of medium control.5 μmol/L BAY11-7085 significantly decreased the up-regulation of IP-10 induced by LPS.Conclusions LPS enhanced the expression of IP-10 on RPMCs in a concentration-dependent and a time-dependent manner.LPS induced expression of IP-10 depended on the NF-κB signal transduction pathway.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of bitter gourd saponins on salt-sensitive kidney injury induced by high salt diet and its possible mechanism.Methods 50 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose treatment group after 10 days of adaptive feeding.Each group had 10 rats.Except the normal group,the other four groups were given high salt diet (4.0％ high salt diet) to induce salt-sensitive kidney damage in rats.The normal group and the model group were given 1.0 m/(kg · d) normal saline,and the three dosage groups of total saponins of balsam pear were given 10 mg/(kg · d),20 mg/(kg · d) and 40 mg/(kg · d) respectively.After 8 weeks of treatment,rats were sacrificed and collect the 24-hour proteinuria,creatinine.Serum creatinine,serum aldosterone,serum sodium and serum potassium were measured,and renal histopathology and the expression of podocin and nephrin were detected.Results Pathological examination of model group showed obvious glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis,and glomerular sclerosis in the treatment group was obviously improved by bitter gourd saponins;The systolic pressure in the model group was 170 mmHg,significantly higher than that of the normal and treatment groups,the systolic blood pressure of the treatment groups were obvious decreased when treated by bitter gourd saponins (P ＜ 0.05);Compared with normal group,serum creatinine and 24 h proteinuria / urine creatinine in model group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),while creatinine clearance rate and aldosterone were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and the above indexes in bitter gourd saponins treatment group were significantly improved;Compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expression of podocin and nephrin were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while the two indexes can be revered by bitter gourd saponins in treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The bitter gourd saponins can significantly improve the symptoms of salt-induced hypertensive nephropathy in rats,which may be related with the expression of podocin and nephrin in renal tissue,thereby inhibiting glomerulosclerosis and improving renal interstitial fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of bitter gourd saponins on the salt -sensitive hypertension caused kidney damage in rats ,and analyze the mechanism of its therapeutic effect .Methods 50 SD rats were fed for 10 days with normal diet ,and then based on random number method ,the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:the normal control group,model control group and the low total saponins bitter,medium and high dose treatment group,10 rats in each group.Then,the rats in the normal control group and the model control group were given 1mL· kg-1 · d-1 normal saline,and the rats in bitter gourd saponins groups were given high salt diet 8 weeks to establish the model .After 4 weeks,the total saponins of bitter gourd treatment groups were given 10,20 and 40mg· kg-1· d-1.8 weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and the renal pathology was detected by HE staining .The changes of blood pressure , heart rate,urinary function and blood renal function were also analyzed .At last,Western blot and semi -quantitative PCR were used to detect the endothelin -1 (ET-1) in renal tissue.Results For the systolic blood pressure,in whole of treatment,the normal control group maintained at about 120 mmHg, while the model control group maintained at 170mmHg,which of the bitter gourd saponins three doses groups compared to the model control group was significantly lower (t=1.765,1.982,2.126,all P<0.05),further improved.And the heart rate had no statistically significant difference among the groups(all P>0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr),uric acid (UA),urine volume,urinary protein and N -acetyl beta -D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) levels in the model control group were significantly increased (t=28.703,33.932,29.298,4.695,10.989,10.871, all P<0.05),which in the bitter gourd saponins treatment groups were significantly decreased (all P<0.05).HE staining showed that the rats in the normal group were normal ,and the model control group had obvious glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis , after bitter gourd saponins treatment , the condition was significantly improved .Immu-nohistochemistry,Western blot and semi-quantitative PCR showed that normal control group had almost a little expression of ET-1,and compared with the normal control group ,which of the model control group was significantly increased ( t=14.650,11.387,all P<0.05),and the ET-1 expression in the bitter gourd saponins treatment groups significantly decreased.Conclusion The bitter gourd saponins can significantly improve the symptoms of hypertension and renal damage induced by high salt diet in rats ,which may be related with regulation of ET -1 expression in renal tissue .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of general anesthesia combined with ultrasoundguided epidural block for laparoscopic surgery in neonates.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ neonates,aged 20-60 days,scheduled for elective radical operation for Hirschsprung's disease,were divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:general anesthesia group (group Ⅰ) and general anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided epidural block group (group Ⅱ).Anesthesia was induced by inhaling 8％ sevoflurane.Anesthesia was maintained with Ⅳ sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg,cisatracurium 0.1 mg/kg and then with additional sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg and cisatracurium 0.05 mg/kg every hour and 2％-3％ sevoflurane was simultaneously inhaled in group Ⅰ.In group Ⅱ,anesthesia was maintained by inhaling 2％-3％ sevoflurane,epidural block was performed at L1.2 interspace,the catheter was caudally advanced into the epidural space under ultrasound guidance,0.8％ lidocaine was injected at a loading dose of 6 mg/kg,the local anesthetic diffusion in the epidural space was observed,and additional 0.8％ lidocaine 3 mg/kg was given every 30 min.Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded at 5 min before pneumoperitoneum,during pneumoperitoneum,at extubation and after extubation.The extubation time,duration of recovery room stay and development of assisted ventilation after extubation were recorded.Pain was assessed and scored at 5 min before discharge from recovery room.The development of epidural block-related complications was recorded in group Ⅱ.Results Operation was smoothly completed with stable anesthesia in two groups.Compared with group Ⅰ,the mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased during pneumoperitoneum and after extubation,the extubation time and duration of recovery room stay were shortened,and the requirement for assisted ventilation after extubation and pain scores were decreased in group Ⅱ (P＜0.05 or 0.01).No epidural block-related complications were found in group Ⅱ.Conclusion General anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided epidural block is safe and effective for laparoscopic surgery and is helpful for postoperative recovery in neonates.

Objective To observe the effect of aralia saponins on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the kidney of diabetic nephropathy mice.Methods After 10 days of adaptive feeding,90 clean Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal group (n =10) and 5 model groups (model group,positive drug benazepril intervention group,aralia saponins low,middle and high doses treatment groups).Excepted the normal group,the kidney damage model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice was induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet for one month plus disposable streptozotocin (STZ).The model was successfully constructed and killed after 6 weeks of treatment.A total of 25 mice failed to establish the model.And totally 55 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 11 mice in each group.The serum changes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr),insulin,inflammatory factors interleukin-1α (IL-1α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in each group were detected.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and MMP-9 protein in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the levels of blood glucose,insulin,BUN,SCr,IL-1α,IL-6 and TNF-α in the model group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The above indexes were decreased in positive drug group and aralia saponins treatment groups.The contents of insulin,BUN and SCr in the high dose of aralia saponins group were significantly lower than those parameters in benazepril group (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the contents of blood glucose,IL-1α,IL-6 and TNF-α in the three dose aralia saponins groups were significantly lower than those parameters in the benazepril group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the normal group,the expression level of VEGF protein in the model group was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression level of MMP-9 protein was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,both benazepril and aralia saponins can reduce VEGF (P ＜ 0.05),increase MMP-9 (P ＜ 0.05).In addition for VEGF and MMP-9,the high dose of aralia saponins group and benazepril group was basically same.Conclusions Aralia saponins can significantly reduce blood glucose,insulin and serum inflammatory factors,while downregnlate VEGF and increase MMP-9 protein levels,thereby protecting the kidneys of diabetic nephropathy mice.