The varicela-zoster virus(VZV) infection causes central vasculopathy,and then leads to stroke onset. This article review s the correlation betw een VZV infection and stroke onset in order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of patients w ith VZV infection, thereby reducing the risk of stroke after VZV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic basis for a patient with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria(HHRH). METHODS: Clinical data of the patient was collected. The patient was subjected to whole exome capture and next generation sequencing (NGS). Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The patient presented with hypophosphatemic rickets, short stature, hypercalciuria, and renal stones. NGS showed that he has carried compound heterozygous variants of the SLC34A3 gene, namely c.532_533delCA(p.Q178Vfs*6) and c.894_925+69del(splicing). His parents were asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of one of the variants. Based on ACMG guidelines, both variants were classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants c.532_533delCA (p.Q178Vfs*6) and c.894_925+69del(splicing) of the SLC34A3 gene probably underlie the disease in this child. Above finding has enriched the variant spectrum for HHRH. Based on the results, prenatal diagnosis may be provided for the family.

Objective To investigate the morbidity, diagnostic profile and perinatal outcome of pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) in 15 hospitals in Guangdong province. Methods A total of 41338 women delivered in the 15 hospitals during the 6 months,195 women with PGDM(PGDM group) and 195 women with normal glucose test result(control group)were recruited from these tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province from January 2016 to June 2016. The morbidity and diagnostic profile of PGDM were analyzed. The complications during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the PGDM group, pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in women who used insulin treatment (n=91) and women who did not (n=104). Results (1)The incidence of PGDM was 0.472%(195/41338). Diabetes mellitus were diagnosed in 59 women (30.3%, 59/195) before pregnancy, and 136 women (69.7%,136/195) were diagnosed as PGDM after conceptions. Forty-six women (33.8%) were diagnosed by fasting glucose and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) screening. (2) The maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), prenatal BMI, percentage of family history of diabetes, incidence of macrosomia, concentration of low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in PGDM group than those in control group (all P<0.05). Women in PGDM group had significantly higher HbA1c concentration((6.3±1.3)% vs (5.2±0.4)%), fasting glucose [(6.3±2.3) vs (4.8±1.1) mmol/L], oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)-1 h glucose((12.6±2.9) vs (7.1± 1.3) mmol/L)and OGTT-2 h glucose [(12.0±3.0) vs (6.4±1.0) mmol/L] than those in control group (P<0.01). (3)The morbidity of preterm births was significantly higher (11.3% vs 1.0%, P<0.01), and the gestational age at delivery in PGDM group was significantly smaller [(37.6±2.3) vs (39.2±1.2) weeks, P<0.01]. Cesarean delivery rate in the PGDM group (70.8% vs 29.7%) was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). There was significantly difference between PGDM group and control in the neonatal male/female ratio (98/97 vs 111/84, P=0.033). The neonatal birth weight in PGDM group was significantly higher((3159±700) vs (3451±423) g, P<0.01). And the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the PGDM group was higher than the control group (7.7% vs 2.6%, P=0.036).(4)In the PGDM group, women who were treated with insulin had a smaller gestational age at delivery [(36.9±2.9) vs (37.9±2.5) weeks, P<0.01], and the neonates had a higher neonatal ICU(NICU)admission rate (24.2% vs 9.6% , P<0.01). Conclusions The morbidity of PGDM in the 15 hospitals in Guangdong province is 0.472%. The majority of PGDM was diagnosed during pregnancy; HbA1c and fasting glucose are reliable parameters for PGDM screening. Women with PGDM have obvious family history of diabetes and repeated pregnancy may accelerate the process of diabetes mellitus. Women with PGDM have higher risk for preterm delivery and neonatal hypoglycemia. Unsatisfied glucose control followed by insulin treatment may increase the need for NICU admission.

Objective To explore the expression of death domain-associated protein(DAXX)and its subcellular localization in MCF-7 cells,discussing their effect on cellular function of MCF-7 cells.Methods MCF-7 cells were transfected with LV-DAXX-RNAi-GFP plasmid and LV-DAXX-GFP overexpression lentiviral plasmid,DAXX was knocked down and overexpressed.The expression and subcellular localization of DAXX in MCF-7 cells were detected by nuclear-cytoplasm separation methods and immu-nofluorescence,cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry,and cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.Results Both of the nuclear-cytoplasm separation methods and immunofluorescence confirmed that DAXX was mainly located in nucleus of MCF-7 cells.The transfection of LV-DAXX-GFP lentiviral plasmid mainly up-regulated the expression of DAXX in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells,while the transfection of LV-DAXX-RNAi-GFP lentiviral plasmid mainly down-regulated the expression of DAXX in the nucleus of MCF-7 cells.Flow cytometry confirmed that down-regulated the expression of DAXX located in nucleus could increase the apoptosis rate of MCF-7 cells,decreasing the cell proliferation,and block the cells in S phase,while up-regulated the expression of DAXX in cytoplasm had no significant effect on cell apoptosis,cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells.Conclusion DAXX is mainly located in the nucleus of MCF-7 cells.The expression of DAXX in the nucleus or cytoplasm may have the opposite effect on the cellular function of MCF-7 cells.

Objective:To discuss the effect of exosome(Exo)microRNA-761(miR-761)on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process of the osteosarcoma(OS)cells by regulating tumor-associated macrophage(TAM)polarization,and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:The miR-761 plasmid and negative control(miR-NC)plasmid were transfected into the HEK293 cells,and the non-transfected cells were regarded as control group.The transfection efficiency was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method.The Exo containing miR-761 was isolated,and the morphology of Exo was observed by transmission electron microscope.The concentration and size distribution of Exo samples were detected by nanoparticle analyzer,and the expression of Exo surface marker protein was detected by Western blotting method.The human monocyte leukemia THP-1 cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)to become the M0 macrophages,which were then treated with Exo containing miR-761 and co-cultured with the OS MG63 cells to establish the co-culture system.The experiment was divided into M0 group,TAM group,miR-761 NC group,and miR-761 Exo group.The M0 macrophages were collected from various groups,and the positive rates of M1 macrophage marker CD86 and M2 macrophage marker CD206 in various groups were detected by flow cytometry;the protein expression levels of M1 macrophage secreted factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and M2 macrophage secreted factors interleukin-10(IL-10)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in various groups were detected by Western blotting method.The M0 macrophages were treated with Exo containing miR-761 and co-cultured with MG63 cells to establish the co-culture system.The experiment was divided into control group,TAM group,miR-NC Exo+TAM group,and miR-761 Exo+TAM group.The MG63 cells in various groups were collected,and the fluorescence intensities of E-cadherin and Vimentin in the MG63 cells in various groups were observed by immunofluorescence staining;the expression levels of E-cadherin,Vimentin,and EMT regulation-related transcription factors Twist1,Snail,and Slug proteins in the cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method;the numbers of invasion and migration cells in various groups were detected by Transwell chamber assay.Results:The HEK293 cells containing miR-761 were successfully obtained by transfection experiments,and the Exo was isolated.Compared with M0 group,the positive rate of CD86 of the macrophages in TAM group was decreased(P＜0.05),while the positive rate of CD206 was increased(P＜0.05),the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins were decreased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 proteins were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with TAM group,the positive rate of CD86 of the macrophages in miR-761 Exo group was increased(P＜0.05),while the positive rate of CD206 was decreased(P＜0.05),the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins were increased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 proteins were decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin in the MG63 cells in TAM group was decreased,while the fluorescence intensity of Vimentin was increased,the expression level of E-cadherin protein was decreased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of Vimentin,Twist1,Snail,and Slug proteins were increased(P＜0.05),and the numbers of invasion and migration cells were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with TAM group,the fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin in the MG63 cells in miR-761 Exo+TAM group was increased,while the fluorescence intensity of Vimentin was decreased,the expression level of E-cadherin protein was increased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of Vimentin,Twist1,Snail,and Slug proteins were decreased(P＜0.05),and the numbers of invasion and migration cells were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The exo-delivered miR-761 can inhibit the EMT process of the OS cells,thereby inhibiting the cell migration and cell invasion;its mechanism may be related to regulating TAM polarization.

Objective To investigate the effect of diosgenin on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was treated with low, medium, and high doses of diosgenin, and cell proliferation was detected through the MMT method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Nuclear-cytoplasmic-protein separation method was applied to detect the subcellular localization of death associated protein (DAXX). qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of DAXX and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway (JNK)-related proteins. Results Diosgenin considerably inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and promoted cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Diosgenin can promote the movement of DAXX from nucleus into the cytoplasm. Diosgenin upregulated the expression of cell surface death receptor (Fas), increased the phosphorylation levels of JNK and mitogen activated protein kinase (p38), and activated the JNK/p38 signaling pathway with concentration dependence. Conclusion Diosgenin inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, whose mechanism may be related to the regulation of DAXX subcellular localization and the activation of JNK/p38 signaling pathway.