An ultra performance convergence chromatographic ( UPC2 ) method was established for the attribution analysis of the main peaks as well as the quantitative determination of echinacoside andβ-ecdyserone in Bushen Jiannao Grains. The samples were extracted with ethanol and separated on Waters ACQUITY UPC2TM BEH column (100 mm × 3. 00 mm, 1. 7 μm), with a gradient supercritical CO2-0. 05%phosphoric acid-methanol solvent system at 40 ℃. The flow rate was 0. 8 mL/min, the detection wavelength was set at 248 nm and the injection volume was 1 μL. Results showed that all the main peaks in the fingerprint were clearly attributed. The peak named 12 wasβ-ecdyserone with the content of 380μg/g and the peak named 15 was echinacoside with the content of 9. 562 mg/g. The method was simple, eco-friendly, accurate and reliable compared with HPLC and UPLC.

Objective To study the relationship between cleanliness of children′s hands and diminution of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Methods Before the study all persons positive for ascaris eggs in the preliminary survey were treated with albendazole. Hand washing habit before meal and after defecation was kept in children of experimental group, but not in the control group. Kato thick smear stool examination was done once every two months for one year to compare the new infection rates in children without ascaris infection in the two groups, and the reinfection rates in the cured negative cases were also compared between them in half a month after chemotherapy. Results All the new infection rates as well as reinfection rates of each reexamination in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( P

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.

The interaction of gut microbiota and its metabolites with the host not only plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis and host health, but also is a key link in responding to pathogen infections. A thorough understanding of the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites during infection, as well as their role and mechanism in host defense against infection, is helpful to guide anti-infection treatment. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in host defense against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, and reveals that they can exert anti-infection effects through resistance mechanisms (inducing antimicrobial substances, training immunity, inhibiting pathogen respiration, directly neutralizing pathogens, immune regulation) and tolerance mechanisms (altering energy metabolism patterns of microbiota, cell proliferation and tissue damage repair, maintaining physiological signal transduction in extraintestinal organs, inflammation regulation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier), and also summarizes measures to regulate gut microbiota against pathogen infections, in order to provide more ideas for novel anti-infection prevention and treatment strategies targeting gut microbiota and its metabolites.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of enteroscopic grading for the prognostic assessment of patients with malignant hematological diseases who developed intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (IT-aGVHD) after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) .Methods:Fifty patients with IT-aGVHD who developed hormone resistance after UCBT from June 2016 to June 2023 at Anhui Provincial Hospital were collected to compare the effective and survival rates of IT-aGVHD treatment in the group with milder enteroscopic mucosal injury (27 cases, enteroscopic grading of Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and the group with more severe injury (23 cases, enteroscopic grading of Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and to retrospectively analyze the factors affecting patients’ prognosis.Results:Patients in the mild and severe groups had an effective rate of 92.6% and 47.8% at 28 days after colonoscopy ( P<0.001), 81.5% and 39.1% at 56 days after colonoscopy ( P=0.002), with optimal effective rate of 92.6% and 65.2% ( P=0.040), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. The multifactorial analysis found that enteroscopic grading was an independent risk factor affecting the effective rate of IT-aGVHD treatment. The overall survival rate at 2 years after colonoscopy was 70.4% (95% CI 52.0% -88.8% ) and 34.8% (95% CI 14.8% -54.8% ) for patients in the mild and severe groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.003). Multifactorial analysis revealed that enteroscopic grading, cytomegalovirus infection status, second-line treatment regimen, and patients’ age were independent risk factors for survival. Conclusion:The treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients in the group with less severe enteroscopic injury (grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ) were better than those in the group with more severe injury (grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ) .