AIM:To study pentoxifylline(PTX) prevention against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS: 50 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation groups, ischemia-reperfusion injury group(I/R), I/R+hypothermia group, I/R+PTX group and I/R +PTX+hypothermia group. Except the sham operation group, the rabbit left renal arteriae were blocked with bulldog clamps for 60 min. The left kidney was removed after 24 h. The activity of SOD, the content of MDA of kidney tissue homogenate, BUN and SCr in the blood were detected, meanwhile the pathological structure were observed. RESULTS: In I/R group, the renal tubule showed hydropic degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis. A large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the hemorrhage and necrotic tissue. The mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium were shown to be swollen highly, and the crisallia extremely confused, vague, disappeared. The injury was reduced in I/R+PTX group and I/R+hypothermia group. It was normal in the I/R+PTX+hypothermia group and sham group. The BUN, SCr, MDA in I/R group rised obviously and the activity of SOD was reduced significantly 24 h after reperfusion( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: PTX has a protective effect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the different effects on unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction with standard large trauma craniotomy and frontotemporal craniectomy and decompression treatment.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the two groups according to the different operation methods,and compared the incidence of postoperative complications and GCS score after 1 week,GOS score after 1 month,and ADL score after 6 months and so on.Results The differences were significant between the two groups in incidence of postoperative complications [ incidence of rebleeding after the operation(A group 5 cases,B group 4 cases),showing of brain pools(A group 23 cases,B group 14 cases),lung infection(A group 7 cases,B group 13 cases),gastrointestinal bleeding(A group 8 cases,B group 17 cases),χ2 =0.579,4.703,8.606,7.081] and postoperative GCS score after a week[12 -15points(A group 5 cases,B group 2 cases),9-11points(A group 15 cases,B group 10 cases),5-8points(A group 6 cases,B group 8 cases),3-4points(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 3 cases),W value was 599.500,P=0.028] (all P<0.05).There was significant difference in postoperative GOS score and rate of brain tissue bulging after a month [ advantages ( A group 7 cases, B group 4 cases ) , good ( A group 15 cases, B group 8 cases),middle(A group 3 cases,B group 6 cases),poor(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 2 cases),encephalocele(A group 9 cases,B group 19 cases),W value was 492.000,P=0.007](all P<0.05).There was no difference in postoperative ADL score half of a year(P>0.05).Conclusion Standard large trauma craniotomy has features as decompression full,low early complication rate,and can improve the short-term efficacy of unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction in patients,and promote recovery.

BACKGROUND:Microcapsules is one of the main directions of targeted therapeutic dosing system. With a size of several microns to several hundred microns, it can be used for injection, oral, arterial administration and local treatment of targeted organs and other treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: To prepare rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules and optimize the preparation conditions. METHODS: The rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules was prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. The effect of the mass concentration (60, 100, 140, 180 g/L), stirring speed (50, 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 r/minutes), colostrum emulsification time (2, 4, 6, 8 minutes), colostrum water oil ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20) of rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules on gross morphology, particle size distribution width and total flavonoids encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules was univariately analyzed. The rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules with smaler particle size, uniform dispersion and higher encapsulation efficiency was filtered out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimum process parameters were as folows: 140 g/L polylactic acid-glycolic acid solution, the stirring speed of 2 000 r/min, the colostrum emulsification time of 6 minutes, and the colostrum water-oil ratio of 1:15. The microcapsules prepared in the optimized process displayed a uniform distribution and its average particle size was (789.8±712.3) nm, which distributed relative narrowly and basicaly less than 5 μm. Microcapsules presented round, with a regular edge under scanning electron microscope. The average encapsulation efficiency was 47.72%.

Objective To reduce or prevent the incidence of bile duct injury in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy,and reduce the postoperative complications of Bile duct injury in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy by time and exact treatment during the surgical procedure.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 8700 cases of LC, including 12 cases of bile duct injury, from September 1991 to today. The corresponding treatment was used in LC to avoid bile duct injury, when bile duct injury occurred, the injury was recognized and immediately repaired by surgery. Result The mean follow-up period after surgery was 5-10 years,all 12 patients with bile duct injury were cured and discharged. Conclusions We should correctly handle the relationship of various duct and avoid burn or cut duct for reducing incidence of the extrahepatic bile duct injury. Correct treatment can reduce or avoid the incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the differentiation of CD4+T helper cell in expressed prostatic secretions(EPS)in type Ⅲ prostatitis. Methods Seventy-six patients were studied,aged from 18 to 47(average 31.8).All patients presented with typical clinical symptoms for over 3 months.Cases were classified as type Ⅲ A(47 cases),type Ⅲ B(29 cases)and control group(16 cases)according to NIH classification system.Type Ⅲ A was also divided into group Ⅲ A1 with 26 cases(mild inflammation)and group Ⅲ A2 with 21 cases(severe inflammation).Th1 cytokine IFN-γ,Th2 cytokines IL-4 in EPS were detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA,and IFN-γ/IL-4 was determined.Results Compared with group control,IFN-γ in group Ⅲ A and Ⅲ B were significantly up regulated (134.78±43.67 pg/ml,109.82±30.09 pg/ml,P＜0.05),while IFN-γ level in group Ⅲ A was higher than in group Ⅲ B(P＜0.05).IL-4 in groupⅢ A was not changed(51.99±20.59 pg/ml,P＞0.05).IL-4 in group ⅢB was higher(76.40±17.99 pg/ml,P＜0.05).IFN-γ/IL-4 in group ⅢA was elevated significantly(2.94±1.12,P＜0.05),while IFN-γ/IL-4 in group ⅢB was not changed(1.49±0.48,P＞0.05).IFN-γ/IL-4 in group Ⅲ A2 was higher than in groupⅢA1 significantly(3.67±0.82vs 2.34±0.97,P＜0.05). Conclusions Th1 eell differentiation took the dominance in type Ⅲ A prostatitis.Th1/Th2 equilibrium was shifted to Th1.It is probably one of the pathogenies that Th1 dominant differentiation leads to local inflammation in prostate of type Ⅲ A prostatitis.

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) isolated from peritoneal dialysate effluents and TGF-β1 induced HPMCs line.Methods The isolated cells were cultured from peritoneal dialysate effluents overnight of 10 patients just started PD and 12 patients with PD over 6 months.Taqman PCR assay was used to determine the expression of miR-129-5p in the HPMCs.Moreover,the expression of miR-129-5p in HPMCs induced by 5 μg/L TGF-β1 for 0-72 h was also detected by Taqman PCR.HPMCs were pre-transfected with miR-129-5p precursor (pre-mir-129-5p) to overexpress miR-129-5p,then incubated with TGF-β1 for 48 h,and the expression of EMT associated gene and protein was detected by real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence,respectively.Furthermore,the effect of TGF-β1 on the expression of Smad interacting protein-1 (SIP1) and the regulation of pre-miR-129-5p on the SIP1 expression also were investigated.Results MiR-129-5p expression significantly down-regulated in the HPMCs isolated from PD patients over 6 months than from PD start patients(P ＜ 0.01).Similarly,TGF-β1 remarkably decreased miR-129-5p in HPMCs lines on time-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.01).Pre-mir-129-5p dramatically restored the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin,while inhibited the expression of Vimentin,a mesenchymal marker,in HPMCs induced by TGF-β1 (all P ＜ 0.01).In addition,TGF-β1 increased SIP1 expression in HPMCs time dependently,while the high level of SIP1 protein was obviously repressed after transfected of pre-miR-129-5p (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no obvious change of its mRNA expression.Conclusion MiR-129-5p modulates EMT formation of HPMCs in PD process,possibly by posttranscriptional inhibition of SIP1.Targeting miR-129-5p/SIP1 may provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of peritoneal fibrosis during PD.

Objective To explore the effectivity and feasibility of uindirectional barbed suture for primary closure of common bile duct on Laparoscopic Exploration of Common Bile Duct Stones, Methods From January 2013 to August 2015,109 cases of primary closure of common bile duct after Laparoscopic Exploration of Common Bile Duct Stones were performed in this hospital.The characteristics of these cases were retrospectively comparatively analyzed.Results Conventional braided Sutures in 68 cases(group A),barbed Suture Devices in 41 cases (group B).There was no difference in postoperative hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss and complication rate between the two groups.Differences in bile duct incision suture time and operative time between the two groups were significantly different.Conclusion The application of uindirectional barbed suture for primary closure of common bile duct using barbed suture after Laparoscopic Exploration is a safe and effective way after treatment of choledocholithiasis.This method cuold reduce the difficulty of operation,and shorten the operation time and the learning curve.

Objective To study the clinical significance of the gene protein expression of p16,nm23 and PTEN in bile duct carcinoma.Methods The expression of p16,PTEN and nm23 gene protein in tissues of 63 cases of malignant tumors of biliary system(33 cases of bile duct carcinoma,30 cases of carcinoma of gallbladder) and 20 cases of benign bile duct lesion were studied by SP immunohistochemical technique and analyzed together with clinicopathologic data.Results The positive expression of p16,PTEN and nm23 in bile duct carcinoma tissue was low to medium,their expression rate was 36.5%,38.1% and 23.8%,(respectively),and was significantly lower than that of bile duct benign lesions(P

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and operative skill of multi-endoscopic technique in treatment of post-traumatic urethrostenosis in male patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was done on clinical data of 47 male patients with post-traumatic urethrostenosis treated with direct visional incision urethrotomy combined with transurethral resection of scar tissue and ureteroscopic incision.There were 29 patients with anterior urethral strictures and 18 with posterior urethral strictures.Results Of all,43 patients underwent successful endoscopic surgeries at the first time but one underwent secondary surgery because of unsuccessful endoscopic incision.These patients achieved satisfactory results without urinary incontinence,fistula or reoperation.The left three patients underwent open surgeries because of unsuccessful endoscopic incision,in which one patient could micturate at maximal flow rate of 9-12 ml/s,without therapeutic urethral dilation,one could micturate under regular therapeutic dilation and the other one could not micturate.Conclusions With the advantages of safety,high success rate and good long-term efficiency,multi-endoscopic technique can be used as an initial treatment for male patients with post-traumatic urethrostenosis and is worthy to be popularized.

Objective To assess the clinical value of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) measured by transabdominal uhrasonography in judgement of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). Methods According to pressure-flow study, 109 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were di-vided into 3 groups (non-obstruction, equivocal obstruction and obstruction). IPP was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography in all patients. The difference of IPP between different groups was studied and the correlation between IPP and the parameters reflecting BPO was analyzed. Results IPP value of the non-obstruction group, equivocal obstruction group and obstruction group was 2.7 ±1.2 mm, 2.9±1.4 mm and 15.4±6.5 mm. There was significant difference in IPP between the non-obstruction group, equivocal obstruction group and obstruction group (P<0.01). IPP was correlated with the parameters including Pdet. Qbeg, Pdet. Qmax, Pdet. Qend, Qmax and A-G number, Spearman's ratio was 0. 628, 0. 714, 0. 591, -0. 450 and 0. 729(P<0.01), respectively. The sensi-tivity and specificity of judging BPO were 89.9% and 97.5% if the cut-off was IPP≥10 mm. Con-clasion IPP measured by transabdominal ultrasonography could be a convenient and accurate method in diagnosis of BPO.