OBJECTIVE:To find out the incidence and general patterns of drug-induced cardiovascular diseases and to guide rational use of drugs METHODS:By using literature metrological method 646 cases of drug-induced cardiovascular diseases which were reported in Chinese literatures in 1995～2000 were analysed RESULTS:Among those 646 cases,the incidence of arrhythmia was 59 8% The kinds of induced drugs were up to 155 and the most easily inducing one was cardiovascular system drug,which amounted to 37 2%(240/646) Propafenone had the highest incidence of all in inducing cardiovascular diseases(75 cases) There were 35(5 4%) fatal cases mainly caused by cardiovascular system drugs Most of the patients with drug-induced cardiovascular diseases were in middle-age and old age CONCLUSION:To reduce the rate of drug-induced diseases,cardiovascular system drugs should be rationally administrated and stictly supervised

OBJECTIVE:To explore the rational use of antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) METHODS:The antibiotic use in the selected operation patients was retrospectively studied 230 patients were divided into four groups A group:Perioperative administration of drug;B group:Preoperative administration for 3 to 7 days and perioperative administration;C group:Perioperative administration and postoperative administration for 2 to 7 days;D group:Preoperative administration for 2 to 7 days,perioperative administration and postoperative administration for 2 to 7 days Four groups were compared about the efficacy,length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses RESULTS:There were no significant differences in efficacy among A,B,C,D and in average length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between A and D groups A group was the lowest in two indices and had the best cost-effectiveness ratio CONCLUSION:There is clinical significance of preventive antibiotic application in LC patients;perioperative use is the best choice;Cefazolin is the first choice

To explore the rational use of antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).METHODS： The antibiotic use in the selected operation patients was retrospectively studied.230 patients were divided into four groups.A group： Perioperative administration of drug； B group： Preoperative administration for 3 to 7 days and perioperative administration； C group： Perioperative administration and postoperative administration for 2 to 7 days； D group： Preoperative administration for 2 to 7 days， perioperative administration and postoperative administration for 2 to 7 days.Four groups were compared about the efficacy， length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses.RESULTS： There were no significant differences in efficacy among A， B， C， D and in average length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between A and D groups.A group was the lowest in two indices and had the best cost-effectiveness ratio.CONCLUSION： There is clinical significance of preventive antibiotic application in LC patients； perioperative use is the best choice； Cefazolin is the first choice.

0.05);the total costs of L 1 group and L 2 group were424.76yuan and270.90yuan respectively,the cost of L 1 group was58%,higher than that of L 2 group.CONCLUSION:Considering from the perspective of pharmacoeconomics,L 2 group was a better one.

Objective:To observe the role of lamividine and silymarin preventing and curing liver fibrosisrelevant factors induced by alcohol drinking in hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice (Tg mice).Methods:Forty HBV-Tg BALB/C mice with 1.3 copy were randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group,a model group,a lamivudine group and a silymarin group.Tg mice in control group were treated with normal saline via intragastric administration;Tg-mice in the model group were treated with 50％ alcohol (5 mL/kg) once a day via intragastric administration;while Tg-mice in lamivudine group and silymarin group were treated with alcohol (5 mL/kg) plus laminvudine (100 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) once a day via intragastric administration respectively.All groups were raised for 10 weeks.The levels of HBV-DNA copy number,ALT,AST in serum,the degree of inflammation,the degree of fibrosis,the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β 1,Smad3,Smad7 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),and the protein expression levels of TGF-β1,CTGF and α-SMA in liver tissue were detected.All the images were scanned with electronic computer and the data were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software.Results:Compared with the control group,liver injury were significantly aggravated,while HBVDNA copies,mRNA levels ofTGF-β1,Smad3,Smad7 and CTGF as well as the protein levels of TGF-β1,CTGF and α-SMA were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,liver injury were significantly attenuated in silymarine group and lamivudine group,while mRNA levels of TGF-β 1,Smad3 and CTGF as well as the protein levels of TGF-β1,CTGF and α-SMA were significantly decreased;mRNA level of Smad7 was further increased (P＜0.05);the levels of ALT and AST in serum were decreased in the silymarine group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Lamivudine and silymarin relieve the histological damage in the liver of alcohol-fed Tg mice.The mechanisms for the beneficial effects of lamivudine or silymarin might be related to inhibiting the expression of TGF-β 1,Smad3 and CTGF,modulating the expression of Smads and suppressing the activation of HSC.

Objective To study the different effects on unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction with standard large trauma craniotomy and frontotemporal craniectomy and decompression treatment.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the two groups according to the different operation methods,and compared the incidence of postoperative complications and GCS score after 1 week,GOS score after 1 month,and ADL score after 6 months and so on.Results The differences were significant between the two groups in incidence of postoperative complications [ incidence of rebleeding after the operation(A group 5 cases,B group 4 cases),showing of brain pools(A group 23 cases,B group 14 cases),lung infection(A group 7 cases,B group 13 cases),gastrointestinal bleeding(A group 8 cases,B group 17 cases),χ2 =0.579,4.703,8.606,7.081] and postoperative GCS score after a week[12 -15points(A group 5 cases,B group 2 cases),9-11points(A group 15 cases,B group 10 cases),5-8points(A group 6 cases,B group 8 cases),3-4points(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 3 cases),W value was 599.500,P=0.028] (all P<0.05).There was significant difference in postoperative GOS score and rate of brain tissue bulging after a month [ advantages ( A group 7 cases, B group 4 cases ) , good ( A group 15 cases, B group 8 cases),middle(A group 3 cases,B group 6 cases),poor(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 2 cases),encephalocele(A group 9 cases,B group 19 cases),W value was 492.000,P=0.007](all P<0.05).There was no difference in postoperative ADL score half of a year(P>0.05).Conclusion Standard large trauma craniotomy has features as decompression full,low early complication rate,and can improve the short-term efficacy of unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction in patients,and promote recovery.

Objective To reduce or prevent the incidence of bile duct injury in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy,and reduce the postoperative complications of Bile duct injury in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy by time and exact treatment during the surgical procedure.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 8700 cases of LC, including 12 cases of bile duct injury, from September 1991 to today. The corresponding treatment was used in LC to avoid bile duct injury, when bile duct injury occurred, the injury was recognized and immediately repaired by surgery. Result The mean follow-up period after surgery was 5-10 years,all 12 patients with bile duct injury were cured and discharged. Conclusions We should correctly handle the relationship of various duct and avoid burn or cut duct for reducing incidence of the extrahepatic bile duct injury. Correct treatment can reduce or avoid the incidence of postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE:To objectively evaluate the immunosuppressive effect and safety of tacrolimus(FK 506) in renal transplant recipients METHODS:932 recipients receiving FK 506,reported in literature,were retrospectively analyzed RESU_LTS:The incidence of acute rejection was low in 547 recipients who received FK 506 immediately after transplantation Most of the recipients who received CsA and FK 506 successively showed alleviation of rejection and improvement of liver function The ARDs of FK 506 were rise of blood sugar(18 10%) and toxicity to nervous system(12 25%) CONCLUSION:FK 506 is a po_wer immunosuppressant and can be used to treat CsA-resistant rejection

Aim To investigate the synergistic effects and possible molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol on liver injury in HBV transgenic mice(HBV-Tg mice).Methods 20 HBV-Tg mice and 20 wild-type mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:alcohol-fed Tg mice and alcohol-fed Wt mice, and they were given intragastric administration with alcohol. Control Tg mice and control Wt mice received intragastric administration with saline.All groups were rasied for 10 weeks.The levels of ALT and AST in serum, the degree of inflammation, the degree of fibrosis, the mRNA expression of TGF-β_1, Smad3, Smad7, CTGF and the protein expression of TGF-β_1, CTGF, α-SMA in liver tissue were detected.Results The serumlevel of ALT and AST, the mRNA expression of TGF-β_1, Smad3, Smad7, CTGF and the protein expression of TGF-β_1, CTGF, α-SMA in liver all increased markedly in alcohol-fed Tg mice. Alcohol consumption induced hepatocyte steatosis and hepatic inflammation in alcohol-fed Tg mice, but the change of liver fibrosis was not remarkable.Conclusion HBV and alcohol have synergistic effects on early liver injury, possibly by enhancing the expression of TGF-β_1, Smad3, CTGF, α-SMA and inducing unbalanced expression of Smads.

AIM:To establish HPLC method for the determination of amodiaquine in human plasma.METHODS: Amodiaquine and internal standard(hydroxychloroquine) were analyzed on C18 column(150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol: water:triethylamine: orthophosphoric acid (21:77.5:1:0.5 )as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL · min-1The UV detector was set at 294 nm. RESULTS: The retention times of amodiaquine and internal standard were 5.82, 8.56 min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range from 10 to 1 000 μg ·L- 1 ( r = 0.999 8, n = 9 ). The limit of quantitation was5 μg· L-1. The extraction recovery was between 75.5 % and 82.7 %, and the methodological recovery was between 97.0 % and 104.8 %. The intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 6.0 % and 7.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: This HPLC method is simple, sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of amodiaquine.