No abstract available.
Epigastric Arteries* ; Rectus Abdominis* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Nose* ; Replantation*

This study attempts to examine the performances of Myun Health Workers-the frontline workers in the Korean rural health care delivery system. The time-activity approach was mainly utilized as a measuring tool. This study was undertaken in September 1976 with 35 Myun Health Workers at the Kang Wha Country. The pretested time-activity approach sheets were filled out daily for one month by those Myun Health Workers themselves. Statistical means and variances of analysis were utilized for statistical method in comparing some activities and functions converged into time distribution. Findings: 1. The workers's average working hours derived in this study is 8 hours and 48 minutes per day, which takes half an hour longer than normal schedule. 2. They spend 56% working hour for direct services, in other words, the main function, 22% for supportive function, and 22% for other activities, the unrelated health services. 3. Considering the total working hours of main function, out-center activity is far more than in-center services with the ratio of 70% to 30% respectively, which proves, therefore, that the main activity of the workers is home visiting. 4. It takes 20 minutes purely for home visition and takes 14 minutes for transportation. 5. This research also indicates that such factors as characteristics of the health workers and myun influence in shaping the structures of the worker's function and activity: a. The workers whose working site is located is myun office spend 15% among total working hours in carring out official myun activities, which is incidentally unrelated to health services, while the health subcenter have no rooms for administrative jobs for myun office. b. The workers whose office is in health subcenter contribute much time in doing main function and those working in special project distribute more time in performing supportive function. c. The types of workers are another dominant factor to influence the components of worker's functions and activities. d. MPW II, whose function is reorganized by special project in 2 myuns shows different pattern of time distribution compared to the TB worker orFP worker in the ordinatry area. MPW II distributes their time evenly in performing MCH program, T.B. program, F.P. program and education activity, while the unipurpose workers engage in carring out only their dominant role. e. Another variables which involve th variation of the worker's activity can be illustrated with the variables like target population, size of myun and convenience for transportation, among which the latter two are remarkable factors in determining the time for out-center service.
Appointments and Schedules ; Education ; Health Services ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; House Calls ; Rural Health ; Transportation

This survey was carried out on about 240 prostitutes for American soldiers in Bong-Deok Venereal Diseases Clinic, Daegu Korea, through 2 times for two months from October and November 1974. The culture method was used identifing Neisseria and Mimeae species carbohidrate fermentation test was ferformed with phenol red broth base added human serum. Resistance test was informed with disc method in chocholete agar plate. The discs were made by Jong-Geon Dang Pham. Co.. Seoul, Korea. The carrierate of Neisseria genorrheae was 9.8% and there were relatively many carriers of Mimeae. If the direct smear is used only in microscopic diagnosis, it is easily confused to differentiate Gonococcus and Mima, a kind of coccobacilli. Gonococcus resistance to penicillin G was found in one out of 5 cases tested. The most of Mimeae was resist to penicillin G, but the broad spectrum antibiotics such as chloramphenico1 and gentamycin etc was moderatly sensitive.
Acinetobacter ; Agar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Fermentation ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Korea ; Military Personnel* ; Neisseria ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Penicillin G ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Seoul ; Sex Workers* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

It has been well known that human sera exert an inhibitory effect on the growth of dermatophytes and candida. Several different inhibitory serum factors have been isolated and investigated by some workers. In clinical aspects, the patients with diabetes are prone to derrnatophyte and candida infections. The authors attempted to investigate whether diabetic sera would have any difference in inhibitory effect on in vitro candidial growth compared with norma1 sera, Fifty and 30 serum samples were obtained from patients with diabetes and bealtby adults respectively, Aliquots of candida albicans were mcubated in the test tubes containing nutrient kiroth with addition of eacb serum. Iron was also added to saturate transferrin in the serum. The degree of candidial growth was determined by the change of percent transmission on spectrophotometry of the candida-inoculated nutrient broth in the test tubes during 24-hour incubation. The results were as followings: 1. The sera from both patients with diabetes and healthy adults were found to retain the inhibitory effect on in vitro candidial growth, though the transferrin, a known serum inhibitor, was removed by saturation with iron. 2. The inhibitory effect of diabetic sera was weaker than that of normal sera. 3. The degree of the inhibitory effect of each diabetic serum was not correlated with corresponding serum glucose level.
Adult ; Arthrodermataceae ; Blood Glucose ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Humans ; Iron ; Spectrophotometry ; Transferrin

Twelve albino rabbits were treated with cryoretinopexy on the left eye and surface diathermy coagulation on the right eye at the equatorial region in two parallel rows concentric with the limbus. Cryopexy was applied for 10 seconds with Krwawicz's probe (the diameter of the tip was 1.5 mm) after cooling with dry ice and alcohol mixture. Diathermy coagulation was performed with 40 mA currents for 2 seconds with needle electrode without perforating the sclera. After the treatment, ERG was recorded with varying length of intervals up to 30 days. The light stimulus was given by 100 watts incadenscent lamp and the illumination at the eye was 800 lux, its duration being 20 msec. Only the sizes of the b-potentials after 30 minutes of dark adaptation were considered. The patterns of the b-potential changes after cryopexy were roughly divided into 3 types. The first type was seen in 5 eyes, and it consisted of abrupt reductions, followed by slight augmentations, never reaching the pre-treatment level of b-wave even after 30 days. The second type (seen in 3 eyes) showed initial slight decreases followed by marked increases and remained supernormal at the end of 30 days. The third type(4 eyes) showed marked increases from the early post-operative days and returned to the original level after 30 days. These changes were demonstrated graphically in figures 3, 4 and 5. By diathermy coagulation, the same kinds of patterns were observed. The same animal, however, did not show the same pattern as with the cryopexy. The final b-potential after 30 days were 105.4% of the pre-operative value by cryopexy and 82.7% by diathermy coagulation. Thus the cryopexy produced less severe changes in ocular tissues than the diathermy coagulation. The histological observations performed also supported this conclusion.
Animals ; Dark Adaptation ; Diathermy* ; Dry Ice ; Electrodes ; Lighting ; Needles ; Rabbits* ; Sclera

Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), often dismissed previously as culture contaminants, are assuming great clinical importance as true pathogens. CNS infections are associated with indwelling foreign bodies and increase along with increasing use of catheters and artificial devices inserted through the skin. CNS from nosocomial infections, particularly S. epidermidis, are usually resistant to multiple antibiotics, with more than 80% resistant to methicillin. Methicillin-resistant. epidermidis (MRSE) can become resistant to all β-lactams, cephalosporins, and carbapenems by the aquisition of a chromosomal mecA gene, which encodes penicillin-binding proteins 2a that has low affinity for β-lactams. S. epidermidis universally attaches to surface of indwelling artificial devices and catheters and produces extracellular polysaccharides, resulting in the formation of a biofilm. Biofilms increase resistance of S. epidermidis to antimicrobial agents and the potential to cause infections in patients with indwelling medical devices. The drug of choice for MRSE infection is glycopeptide antibiotics (e.g. vancomycin and teicoplanin) and cure rates have been improved by addition of gentamicin or rifampin. Recently developed noble antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria, quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid, will play an important role in the treatment of serious MRSE infections. However, antibiotics alone often fail for cure and removal of indwelling medical devices may be crucial.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Biofilms ; Carbapenems ; Catheters ; Cephalosporins ; Cross Infection ; Foreign Bodies ; Gentamicins ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans ; Linezolid ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; Polysaccharides ; Rifampin ; Skin ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Staphylococcus* ; Vancomycin

As a link of chain study program of school health, a survey was made up by the screening test with audiometry for hearing disturbance on 18,675 high school students who are mainly aged in 15-19 years from November 5.1969 to October 30. 1970. The results obtained were summarized as follows. According to our criteria as table 3, the rates of the profound , the severe and the moderate who required the appropriate hearing aids were 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.14% respectively : the cumulative percentage was 0.197. When the marginal, 0.23% should be included the cumulative rate was 0.41%. But there was no significance by sex and school classes. If we will make the special classes for them one class would be estimated out of 10,000 persons when a class is formed with about 15 persons. Otherwise when we examined that according to each ear of persons, the rates of the profound, the severe and the moderate were 0.17%, 0.22% and 0.33% respectively and their cumulative perventage was 0.72. There was no significance also by sex and age. By the way, the rate of hearing disturbance in urban high school students tended to lower than rural. And the perceptive disturbance was higher than rural in rate. The conductive disturbance tended to oppose in comparison with the above.
Audiometry ; Ear ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; School Health Services

As a link of chain study program of school health, a survey was made up by the screening test with audiometry for hearing disturbance on 18,675 high school students who are mainly aged in 15-19 years from November 5.1969 to October 30. 1970. The results obtained were summarized as follows. According to our criteria as table 3, the rates of the profound , the severe and the moderate who required the appropriate hearing aids were 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.14% respectively : the cumulative percentage was 0.197. When the marginal, 0.23% should be included the cumulative rate was 0.41%. But there was no significance by sex and school classes. If we will make the special classes for them one class would be estimated out of 10,000 persons when a class is formed with about 15 persons. Otherwise when we examined that according to each ear of persons, the rates of the profound, the severe and the moderate were 0.17%, 0.22% and 0.33% respectively and their cumulative perventage was 0.72. There was no significance also by sex and age. By the way, the rate of hearing disturbance in urban high school students tended to lower than rural. And the perceptive disturbance was higher than rural in rate. The conductive disturbance tended to oppose in comparison with the above.
Audiometry ; Ear ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; School Health Services

Ever since the first intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis was identified with Bulimus striatulus, it has been place to an important position in epidemics. One way to prevent Clonorchis sinensis is to exterminate Bulimus, which is itself the first intermediate host and there by to separate the life cycle of Clonorchis. In killing B. striatulus, nicotine sulfate and lindane have been chosen from insecticides which are widely used in farming areas. And then nicotine sulfate and lindane have been used to check their effectiveness in killing B. striatulus. In this experiment, the resistance of cercaria which parasites to B. striatulus has also been studied. Dipping method was used in the study. Nicotine sulfate and lindane have been used to check the mortality effect. Nicotine sulfate was used to check percentage of mortality in varied times. The existance of cercaria was tried only in nicotine sulfate. In the experiment of mortality effect of insecticides to B. striatulus and cercaria, the difference in killing rate and the resistance in different concentration and different length of time have been researched. It resulted as following: In the experiment with nicotine sulfate, the mortality increased with thicker concentration in the constant length of time. When compared the necessary liquid of nicotine sulfate and lindane in LD 50, nicotine sulfate was less used than lindane, but the mortality proved high. In the treatment to the same concentration of nicotine sulfate in different length of time, it proved that the longer period showed higher mortality. The mortality time required in LD 90 of nicotine sulfate was dependent on the concentration. And thicker concentration showed quicker effect. In the resistance of cercaria and B. striatulus to nicotine sulfate, the resistance of cercaria was proved to be stronger than that of B. striatulus.
parasitology-chemotherapy-helminth-trematode-Clonorchis sinensis ; Bulimus striatulus ; nicotine sulfate ; lindane