Objective To explore the expression of interferon(IFN)-γ,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-17 in the patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,which can reflect the function of helDer T lymphocyte(Th)1,Th2 and Th17 cells.Methods There were 34 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)Datients,31 liver cirrhosis(LC)patients,26 primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC)patients,22 chronic severe hepatitis patients and 15 healthy controls involved in our research.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17 in serum of the patients with chronic HBV infection and healthy controls were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). And the dala were analysed via t-test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio of the CHB group(1.08±0.66,P＜0.01)was lower than that of healthy controls(2.60±0.60),and the ratio in the chronic severe hepatitis B group(4.81±0.87,P＜0.01)was higher than that in healthy control group.IFN-γIL-17 ratio in the CHB(1.13±0.85,P＜0.01),the LC(1.69±0.92,P=0.010)and the PHC group(1.76±0.84,P=0.011)were all lower than that in healthy conlrols group(2.66±0.70),and the ratio in the chronic severe hepatitis B group(3.68±0.42)was higher than that in healthy controls group (P=0.004).IL-4/IL-17 ratio in the LC(0.72±0.38,P=0.026)and the PHC group(0.63±0.19,P＜0.01)were both lower than that in heahhy controls(1.04±0.23).Conclusiolls The dominant expression of IL-4,IL-7 and IFN-γ is respectively found in the CHB patients,LC and PHC patients,and chronic severe hepatilis B patients.

AIM:To study the inhibitory effect of Compound Liuyuexue(Tarphochlamys affinis(Giff) Bremekhu,Herba Hedyotis,Raidx Gardeniae,etc.)(CLYX) on HBV in vitro.METHODS:The serum containing CLYX was added to cultured HepG2.2.15 cells,and HepG2.2.15 cells were cultured in medium containing the serum with CLYX for 72 h and 144 h.The culture media were collected for determining the levels of HBsAg and HBeAg by ELISA.RESULTS:The serum containing CLYX could markedly inhibit HBsAg and HBeAg expressions in the HepG2.2.15 cells(P

AIM:To study the isolation and composition of Cliffbean(Millettia pulchra kurz)polysaccharide.METHODS:Cliffbean was extracted by boiling water.The polysaccharide in the filtrate was precipitated fractionally by alcohol.The protein in the product was removed by Sevag method,and was further purified by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose(DEAE-52).The component of the saccharide was determined by GC and TLC.RESULTS:The polysaccharide obtained in this way didn't contain protein and nucleic acid.It showed a single polysaccharide when identified by means of Sephadex G-75 column or High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography(HPGPC).It was composed of glucose and arabinose.CONCLUSION:Cliffbean polysaccharide was first isolated from its root and was one of the important components.

OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effects of traditional chinese medicine Compound Liuyuexue (CLYX) on hepatitis B surface antigen(DHBsAg) and hepatitis B e-antigen(DHBeAg).METHODS: One-day old guangxi brown spotted ducks infected with DHBV were used as the hepatitis B virus infected animal model. Positive ducks were detected by PCR at 13 days after the infection of DHBV, and were randomly divided into five groups: the high dose group, middle dose group and low dose group of Compound Liuyuexue(CLYX), model group, and positive control group, with 10 ducks in each group. CLYX was given ig.for 14 days. Serum sampling was scheduled at 0, 7, 14 days respectively and 3 days after drug withdrawal, and the contents of DHBsAg and DHBeAg in serum were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The serum DHBsAg and DHBeAg contents in high dose and middle dose groups of CLYX were decreased significantly(P

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kindey (MTSCC-K).Methods Five cases of pathologically confirmed MTSCC-K were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent CT scanning,and 4 cases underwent conventional MR and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) scanning.MR enhancement ratio for the tumor was calculated according to MR signal intensity of pre-and post-contrast in tumor and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumor and normal renal cortical.Results Two case located in the right kindey,and 3 cases located in the left kindey.The maximum diameter of lesions ranged from 3.2 cm to 7.1 cm.Five cases showed nearly round shape with clear borderline.Pseudocapsule was found in 4 cases,3 cases had necrosis and cystic,and 1 case had calcification.There were no hemorrhage,fat and invasion of adjacent tissue.Isodensity or hypodense tumors were found on plain CT.Isointense or hyperintense tumors were found on plain T1WI,while isointense or mixed-signal tumors were found on plain T2WI.Slightly homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement was observed on dynamic enhanced CT or MR,and the solid component of tumors showed hyperintense on DWI and hypointense on ADC.The mean CT value of tumor at the plain,cortical and nephrographic phase was 32.6 HU,46.5 HU and 66.5 HU,respectively.The mean ADC value of tumor and normal renal cortical was 1.23 × 10-3 mm2/s and 2.31 × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.The mean MR percentage of enhancement value of tumor was 32.7％ and 104.9％,respectively.Conclusions The imaging characteristics of MTSCC-K include nearly round shape,pseudocapsule,clear borderline,necrosis,cystic and calcification.There is no invasion of adjacent tissue and seldom malignant appearances.Isodensity or hypodense can be observed on plain CT,isointense or hyperintense on plain T1WI,and a mild continuously enhancement on dynamic enhanced scanning.

Objective To explore the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in the quantitative analysis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the rabbit kidneys . Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to IRI group (n=24, operation with clamping) and Sham group (n=6, operation without clamping). Left renal ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occlusion (calmping) of the left renal arterial for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion. All the rabbits underwent MRI including T2WI and SWI before and 0.5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the establishments of models . Three rabbits in IRI group were randomly sacrificed 0.5 h, 12 h, and 24 h after the establishment of model. The rest of the rabbits in IRI group and 6 rabbits in sham group were sacrificed for pathological examination 48 h after the establishment of model All specimen were cut into slices and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Region of interest ( ROI) was manually created by outlining the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex, then relative signal-to-noise ratio of the kidney (rSNR) to muscle in SWI sequence was recorded. and compared with histopathologic features. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare difference of rSNR to muscle in respective location at 5 time-points between Sham group and IRI group, and the differences between groups were tested using repetitive measure analysis of variance, repetitive measure analysis of variance was performed to compare difference of rSNR to muscle in respective location at respective time-points between Sham group and IRI group. Results rSNR value in the inner medulla 0.5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the establishments of models were 0.28 ± 0.04, 0.98 ± 0.14, 0.69 ± 0.07, 0.57±0.06, 0.43±0.03, respectively (F=69.82,P<0.01), the inner stripe of outer medulla at the five time-points 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.57 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.07, 0.16 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively(F=16.59,P<0.01), the outer stripe of outer medulla were 0.31 ± 0.04, 0.86 ± 0.09, 0.65 ± 0.07, 0.55 ± 0.06 0.43 ± 0.04(F=67.52,P<0.01), respectively,the cortex 0.05±0.01, 0.80±0.04, 0.68±0.07, 0.47±0.07, 0.36±0.08, respectively(F=118.96,P<0.01). The difference of the rSNR was statistically significant in the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex at the five different time-points. The differences between two groups were significant (F=206.29, 14.25, 42.8, 39.12, P all<0.05). The pathological findings in Sham group included normalglomerular structure l, clear cavity of tubular, no interstitial hyperemia and edema. The pathological findings in IRI group demonstated, at 0.5 h after IRI, Bowman's capsule cavity expansion, glomerular shrinkage, swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells, vacuoles degeneration, the tube cavity expansion, interstitial edema and congestion ecta became slender, andat 12 h after IR, Bowman's capsule expansion became more obvious, foam degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, apoptosis, partial loss of the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule, formation of protein cast, and a small amount of inflammatory cells appeared in the renal interstitium, swelling of endothelial cells of the vasa recta, congestion of small vessels, and at 24 and 48 h after IRI, more serious injury of renal tubular in the outer stripe of outer medulla , massive necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, apoptosis, parts of the renal tubular had the contour lines, and renal tubular outline, increment in inflammatory cells, red cell and protein cast. Conclusion rSNR of SWI in the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex of the kidney varies with the degree of IRI over time, and is consistent with corresponding pathological feature, suggesting SWI is useful imaging tool to detect early damage of renal IRI quantitatively.

Objective To probe the feasibility of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for evaluation of renal blood oxygenation level of healthy volunteers after water loading.Methods SWI of 11 healthy volunteers,acquired before (group 1) and after water loading (group 2),were assessed retrospectively by two radiologists with more than 10 years abdominal work experience independently.In those images of the same section plane derived from two groups,the phase values in cortex ((φ)cor) and medulla ((φ)med),difference between the same vein and surrounding tissue on phase map (△(φ)) were measured using SPIN software package,and the oxygen extraction fraction changes (△OEF) was calculated.The (φ)cor,(φ)med and △(φ) between two groups were compared by paired t test.And the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)was used to evaluate the consistency between two radiologists.Results For the radiologist 1,the (φ)cor,(φ)med and △(φ) were (0.046 ±0.019),(-0.014 ±0.003) and (1.3 ±0.4) rad in group 1,and were (0.047 ±0.014),(-0.012 ±0.005) and (1.1 ±0.4) rad in group 2 respectively,and no significant change was found in (φ)cor and (φ)med after water loading (t =-0.589 and-0.206,P ＞ 0.05 in all),except of in △(φ) (t =2.400,P ＜ 0.01).For the radiologist 2,the (φ)cor,(φ)med and △△(φ) were (0.049 ± 0.011),(-0.012 ± 0.004)and (1.5 ±0.4) rad in Group 1,and were (0.046 ±0.017),(-0.011 ±0.003) and (1.3 ±0.2) rad in group 2 respectively,there was no significant change in (φ)cor and (φ)med after water loading (t =0.590 and -0.974,P ＞ 0.05 in all),except of in △(φ) (t =2.760,P ＜ 0.05).Between two radiologists,the ICC of (φ)cor,(φ)med and △(φ) were 0.623,0.472 and 0.328 in group 1 and 0.599,0.442 and 0.445 in group 2 respectively.△OEF decreased about (-4.2 ± 2.3) c％ and (-4.3 ± 2.8) c％ measured by two radiologists respectively,and the consistency is good between two radiologists (ICC =0.784).Conclusion SWI provides a novel method to assess indirectly the oxygenation level of kidney,△OEF is an indicator with suitable reliability.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of ADC values on 3.0 T MR with the pathological grades in pT1b clear cell renal cell carcinoma(CCRCC).Methods Conventional MR images,ADC values and Fuhrman pathological grading of pT1b CCRCC were performed in 30 patients.Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ were defined as low-grade group; grade Ⅲ and IV were defined as high-grade group.The differences of ADC values among four different pathologic grades were compared with a one-way analysis of variance. The comparison of ADC values of two different grade groups was performed with t test,and the ROC curve was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADC value. Correlation between pathological gradings and ADC values was assessed with Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results ( 1 ) The mean ADC value of grading Ⅰ ( 10 patients ), Ⅱ ( 8 patients ),Ⅲ ( 7 patients ),IV ( 5 patients ) was ( 0.94 ± 0.11 ) ×10-3 mm2/s,(0.82 ±0.13) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.68 ±0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.59 ±0.03) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.Significant differences of ADC values among the four grades were present (F =16.422,P =0.000 ).( 2 ) The mean ADC value of the low-grade group was significantly higher than that of the high-grade group(t =5.738,P =0.000).Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing the low-grade group was 88.9％ and 83.3％ respectively.There was a negative correlation between pathological grading and ADC value ( r =-0.807,P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The ADC values of pT1b CCRCC have close correlation with pathological gradings.They can be used to predict the degree of tumor malignancy preoperatively and guide surgical planning.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of LYS polysaccharides on learning & memory and monoamine neurotrans-mitter content in SAMP8 brain.METHODS:50 6-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomized to 5 groups(10 in each group):SAMP8 group,huperzine A control group,low-,mid-and high-dose groups of polysaccharides.Another 10 6-month-old SAMR1 mice were assigned to normal control group.After medication for 40 days,the learning and memory abilities of mice in each group were detected with Morris water maze method.The norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA) and 5-HT contents in brain were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The learning and memory abilities of SAMP8 group decreased significantly,and the NE,DA and 5-HT contents in brain decreased significantly compared with normal group(P

It has been previously shown that Taraphochlamys affinis possessed anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities. To identify the active ingredients, the total saponins (TSTA) were isolated from T. affinis and the inhibitory effect of TSTA on HBV in the duck HBV model was examined. The results showed that serum levels of DHBV-DNA decreased in all ducks treated with TSTA (1.0 and 2.0 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and lamivudine (3TC) (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) during treatment, but 7 days after the cessation of treatment (p7) with 3TC, the viral replication level returned to the pretreatment baseline. Contrariwise in ducks treated with TSTA, the effect of DHBV DNA inhibition lasted. Compared with model control group,the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and duck hepatitis B surface antigen (DHBsAg) values of 1.0 and 2.0 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)-dose TSTA groups were significantly lower on 7, 14 days after the treatment (d7, d14) and p7, and at p7, the ALT and DHBsAg levels of 2.0 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)-dose TSTA group was significantly lower than that of 3TC group. Furthermore, significant histological improvement was noted in ducklings of TSTA treatment group 7 days after the withdrawal. The study results demonstrate that TSTA possesses potent anti-HBV activity.
Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hepadnaviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck ; drug effects ; immunology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ; drug therapy ; virology ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects