Objective To explore the distribution and features of the optic cup stem cells in embryonic rat at tailbud stage. Methods The distribution of optic cup stem cells in optic cup tissue in 12.5-embryonic-day-old rats was observed by immunohistochemistry. The separated cells from optic cup were cultured with serum-free media, and immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the ability of hyperplasia of stem cells and expression of CHX10 antigen and specific antigens of mature retinal cells before and after differentiation. Results The optic cup stem cells in embryonic rat at tailbud stage were mainly located at inner, outer, and marginal layer of optic cup. No expression of specifically marked protein of mature retinal cells was detected. The cells separated from optic cup had the ability of single-cell clone, positive expression of CHX10 and expression of several specific antigens of mature retinal cells after the inducement, including Thy1.1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein kinase C (PKC) ?, and rhodopsin. Conclusion Optic cup of 12.5-embryonic-day-old rats composes of undifferentiated cells, and the stem cells are mainly located in optic cup inner and marginal. High ability of hyperplasia of the optic cup stem cells cultured in vitro is found. The cells, which are retinal stem cells, can express several specifically marked proteins of mature retinal cells after inducement and differentiation.

Background and purpose:In recent years, the studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play important roles in the initial stage and development of tumors. H19 is one of those lncRNAs, which is already proved to overexpress in a variety of tumors such as bladder cancer, stomach cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). And H19 also could promote tumor proliferation and increase tumor cell migration and invasion ability, but neither the expression nor the function of H19 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) are clariifed. This study aimed to observe the effects of H19 on the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion ability of NSCLC cell line A549.Methods:H19 was overexpressed by plasmids transfection, then the effect of H19 on the proliferation of A549 was measured by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), the invasion of A549 cells was detected by Transwell assay, and the changes of cell morphology were observed with an optical microscope, and the expression of EMT-related proteins was detected by Western blot, and the promoter activity of CDH1 was measured by luciferase assay.Results:The proliferation of A549 cells was increased under the overexpression of H19(D value in blank group was 1.64±0.02, in negative control group was 1.59±0.04, in overexpression of H19 group 1.89±0.02,P<0.05), the invasion ability of A549 cells was dramatically enhanced [negative control group (30±6)/vision, overexpression of H19 group (110±7)/vision,P<0.05], and the A549 cells developed longer pseudopodia and had wider intercellular spaces. All these morphology changes indicated that the cells were undergoing the process of EMT, and meantime, the expres-sion of CDH1 was decreased, along with the expression of VIM and SNAI2 elevated, which were also related to the progression of EMT, and H19 also could depress the promoter activity of CDH1 by 60% (P<0.05).Conclusion:The overexpression of H19 induces the EMT, and enhances the proliferation and invasion ability of A549 cells.

Collateral circulation may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.However,aiming at improving the treatment of collateral circulation,it has not yet got the reliable clinical validation now.Therefore,undergoing the study of collateral circulation first in the animal models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has important practical significance.This article reviews the methods of rat chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models,neurobehavioral evaluation,cerebral perfusion assessment,collateral circulation pathways,and the experimental research status of improving collateral circulation.

116 cases of facial pigmented spots were treated by the needle-embedding method in Uterus (MA-TF). EarShenmen (MA-TF1), Endocrine (MA-IC3) and Lung (MA-IC1) as the main points and the additional points selected based upon pattern identification. All cases were cured.

Aim To observe the effects of LYS polysaccharides on expressions of APP, PS1, PS2 and ApoE in SAMP8 mouse brain. Methods 50 6-month-old SAMP8 mice were used and divided randomly into 5 groups: SAMP8 untreated control group, huperzine A control group, low-, mid-and high-dose groups of polysaccharides, with 10 mice in each group. 10 6-month-old SAMR1 mice were used as normal control. After each group was treated by corresponding drug for 40 days continuously, the mRNA contents of APP, PS1, PS2 and ApoE in brain tissue were assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results The low-, mid-and high-dose groups of polysaccharides could reduce the mRNA contents of APP, PS1 and PS2, which showed a dose-effect relationship in some degrees. But it could not affect the content of ApoE. Conclusion LYS polysaccharides could inhibit the expressions of APP, PS1, and PS2 in SAMP8 mouse brain.

AIM:To study the isolation and composition of Cliffbean(Millettia pulchra kurz)polysaccharide.METHODS:Cliffbean was extracted by boiling water.The polysaccharide in the filtrate was precipitated fractionally by alcohol.The protein in the product was removed by Sevag method,and was further purified by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose(DEAE-52).The component of the saccharide was determined by GC and TLC.RESULTS:The polysaccharide obtained in this way didn't contain protein and nucleic acid.It showed a single polysaccharide when identified by means of Sephadex G-75 column or High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography(HPGPC).It was composed of glucose and arabinose.CONCLUSION:Cliffbean polysaccharide was first isolated from its root and was one of the important components.

Objective To study the location of embryonic optic cup stem cells during tailbud stage. Methods The embryonic optic cup at embryonic day 11～15 (E11～15) in rats was sectioned horizontally at 15 ?m thick. The distributive characteristics of embryonic optic cup progenitor cells were revealed by immunohistochemistry. Results ①The distribution of optic cup progenitors was mainly aggregated on the optic cup at E12.5. CHX10-positive cells were organized as stratified epithelium arrangement on optic cup inner layer. Clusters of CHX10-positive cells were observed at the edge of optic cup; ② Pigment appeared in the outer layer of optic cup at E13.5, and differentiation into ganglion cells was initiated. Conclusion The distribution of optic cup stem cells is mainly aggregated on the optic cup at E12.5 in which the differentiation into ganglion cells is not initiated.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and safety d sorafenib in treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Methods40 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma,were given sorafenib tablets methanesulfonate treatment,the initial dose of 800mg/d,bid,continuous administration of 21d,stopping 7d,The adverse reactions,efficacy and immunohistochemistry results were observed.Results40 cases with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were not found complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) ; The 32 cases in stable disease (SD)(80.0％ ) and 8 cases ( 20.0％ ) in PD; The incidence of 28 cases ( 70.0％ ) in digestive system; The expression of positive rate 30.5％ of local in connexin 32,Cx32 was significantly lower than that 1.2％ in metastatic renal cell carcinoma( x2 =8.123,P ＜0.01 ),The expression of Cx32 was negatively correlated with the clinical stage( r =-0.419,P ＜0.05 ) ;The expression positive rate of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in renal cell carcinoma was significantly higher than 18.5％ in normal renal tissue( x2 =8.723,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; The expression positive rate 72.0％ in the limitations of renal cell carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma 89.1％ was not statistically significant( x2 =1.978,P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionSorafenibin for advanced kidney cancer had better disease control effect,and was new choice for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Clopidogrel is an essential drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke.It has been recommended by the multinational stroke treatment guidelines and has been widely used in clinical practice.Many patients with ischemic stroke may still have stroke recurrence after the standard treatment of clopidogrel; therefore,we must pay attention to the phenomenon of clopidogrel resistance.This article reviews the biochemical mechanisms,gene polymorphism,laboratory testing,and response measures of clopidogrel resistance.

Objective The Improved segmental arch technique can effectively intrude incisors and correct deep overbites. To research its biomechanical characteristics, we reconstruct 3D nonlinear finite element model of mandibular teeth with improved segmen-tal arch, study the biomechanical characteristics and the suitable loading force of intrusion arch. Methods Combined with the re-sults of previous research, we complete the reconstruction of 3D nonlinear finite element model of mandibular teeth with improved seg-mental arch.Then, we set loading force of intrusion arch five conditions from 0.2 N~0.6 N, calculate the movement trend and stress distribution of improved segmental arch. Results In the five conditions of improved segmental arch, lateral incisors and canines in-truded and tipped labially, first molars tipped distally and rotated. In addition, the moment the initial loading force of intrusive arch in-creased, the movement of these teeth increased. However, other teeth did not move clearly. When the initial loading force of improved segment arch was 0.5 N, it can achieve appropriate intrusion of anterior teeth. Conclusion Under an appropriate intrusive force, improved segment arch can effectively intrude incisors and control the extrusion of posterior teeth. It can be used to correct the deep overbites, especially with high mandibular planes, gummy smile or adult stage.