Objective To analyze the risk factors for thrombosis by investigating the incidence of central venous catheter‐related thrombosis in elderly patients .Methods Four hundred and five elderly patients who underwent central venous catheterization were divided into femoral vein group(n=46) ,internal jugular vein group (n=40) and subclavian vein group (n=319) according to their catheter position ,or into thrombosis group (n=31) and non‐thrombosis group (n=374) according to the incidence of central venous catheter‐related thrombosis .T heir gender ,age ,basic diseases ,catheter position ,retention time of catheter ,and complications of central venous catheter‐related thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed .Results The incidence of central venous cathe‐ter‐related thrombosis was significantly lower in subclavian vein group than in internal jugular vein group and femoral vein group (5 .0% vs 15 .0% ,5 .0% vs 19 .6% ,P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .The percentage of past venous thrombosis history was significantly higher in thrombosis group than in non‐thrombosis group (19 .4% vs 6 .4% ,P<0 .05) .Conclusions Subclavian vein catheterization can significantly reduce the incidence of central venous catheter‐related thrombosis and past ve‐nous thrombosis history can predict the incidence of central venous catheter‐related thrombosis in elderly patients .

AIM To investigate the effects of Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets (Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Angelicae sinensis Radix and Scutellariae Radix) on the learning and memory function in SAMP8 mice,and improvements in cognitive function.METHODS Morris water maze was used to evaluate the change of cognitive function in SAMP8 mice after they were treated with Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets for 60 d,and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the concentration of protein carbonyls (PC),the ratio of NAD +/NADH in brain tissue were detected by ELISA,the expression of Nampt,SIRT1 and FOXO3 in hippocampus were measured with immunohistochemical methods.RESULTS Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets shortened escape latency and obviously increased percentage of time in target quadrant in hidden platform test and increased the times entering the target quadrant in spatial probe test in SAMP8 mice.It evidently enhanced the activity of SOD,the ratio of NAD +/NADH and distinctly decreased the protein carbonyls level.Moreover,Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets could markedly up-regulate the expression of Nampt and SIRT1,but evidently down-regulate FOXO3 protein expression.CONCLUSION The experimental data show that Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets can enhance the cognitive function of SAMP8 through regulating Nampt/SIRT1/FOXO3 signal pathway.

BACKGROUND:Studiesin vitro have suggested that icarin can attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute pneumonia. Is the anti-inflammatory effect of icarin stil valid in the presence of wear particles? OBJECTIVE:With studiesin vivo andin vitro, to investigate the regulatory effect of icarrin on titanium particle-induced inflammatory reaction. METHODS:(1) Studiesin vivo: Eighty male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control group, icarin group, titanium particle group, and titanium particle+icarin group. Mice in the titanium particle group and titanium particle+icarin group received surgical procedure, and sterile and endotoxin-free titanium particles were implanted on the calvaria surfaces to induce inflammatory reaction. Mice in the control group and icarin group received the same surgery, but no wear particles were implanted. Then icarin was given oraly to mice in the titanium particle group and titanium particle+ icarin group with a dose of 200 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks from the day of modeling. Mice in the control group and icarin group were given oraly the same dose of placebo. Two weeks later, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β at protein and mRNA levels were respectively detected with enzyme-linked immunohistochemical (ELISA) and quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. (2) Studiesin vitro: Mouse monocyte/macrophage RAW264.7 cels were cultured with different conditioned media: control group, nuclear factor receptor ligand кB (RANKL); icarin group, RANKL+icarin; titanium particle group, RANKL+titanium particles; titanium particle+icarrin group, RANKL+icarin+titanium particles. Titanium particles stimulated RAW264.7 cels were co-cultured with RANKL and icarin for 72 hours. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β at protein and mRNA levels in the supernatant were detected with ELISA analysis and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Resultsin vivo: icarin treatment obviously decreased titanium particle-induced inflammatory cellinfiltration and made the thickness of periosteum thinner, down-regulated tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expressions at protein and mRNA levels. (2) Results in vitro: when RAW264.7 cels were stimulated with titanium particles for 72 hours, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expressions at protein and mRNA levels in culture media increased obviously; when icarin was administrated, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1βexpressions at protein and mRNA levels down-regulated significantly. These results suggest icarin can obviously suppress titanium particle-induced inflammatory reactionin vivo andin vitro.

Objective To explore the relationship between the HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and the infection of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) for children.Methods The study genotyped HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of 102 infectious mononucleosis children and 165 normal controls by PCR-PAGE,detected the plasma sHLA-G level of 51 infectious mononucleosis children and 146 normal controls by ELISA.Results A significant difference was observed for the frequencies of the HLA-G 14 bp genotype between the two groups( x2 =6.742,P=0.034 ),and a significant difference was also observed for the 14 bp allele frequencies between the two groups( x2 =6.672,P=0.01 ).The plasma sHLA-G levels in the infectious mononucleosis children were dramatically higher than that in normal controls,and a significant difference was observed between the two groups( Z=-9.472,P＜0.01 ).Among the infectious mononucleosis children,levels of sHLA-G was find a significant difference between the three genotypes of HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism( H=6.09,P =0.048 ),and the level of s HLA-G with 14 bp+/+ genotype was markedly lower than that of the two other genotypes (Z=-2.376,P=0.01 8).Conclusion There was a relationship between the HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and the susceptibility to the infectious mononucleosis for children.Children who carried the 14 bp-/- genotype or deleted the 14 bp allele may have a significantly increased risk of the infection of EBV.The plasma sHLA-G might be considered as an index for auxiliary diagnosis infectious mononucleosis.

Objective To investigate methods and clinical effects of limited open reduction of ankle articular surface and locking compression plate (LCP) placement using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in managing tibial Pilon fractures.Methods Twenty-one patients with tibial Pilon fractures treated between August 2009 and August 2011 were involved in the study,including 16 males and 5 females,at age of 21-68 years (average 42.3 years).According to AO/OTA classification,12 patients were with type 43B fractures and nine with type 43C fractures.There were two patients with open fractures (both Gustilo-Anderson type Ⅰ fractures).Limited open reduction of ankle articular surface plus LCP placement using MIPO were performed.Early functional training without weight-bearing was carried out postoperatively.Results Nineteen patients were followed up for 12-24 months (average 14 months).According to Burwell-Chamley' s radiological evaluation system,17 patients obtained anatomical reduction of articular surface and two patients obtained moderate reduction,but they all had bony healing.Ankle function evaluated by Mazur' s criterion were excellent in seven patients,good in 10 and fair in two,with excellence rate of 89％.Conclusion Limited open reduction combined with LCP internal fixation can successfully construct articular anatomic relationship,decrease soft tissue dissection and attain solid fixation in treatment of Pilon fractures and further facilitate functional recovery of the affected extremity in coordination with early functional exercise.

Aim Tongluoxingnao effervescent tablets ( TLXNET) ,based on the ancient formula of QiongGui Tang, can improve cognitive dysfunction in different AD models. This research is aimed to study the effects of TLXNET on the Aβmetabolism and explore the anti-AD mechanism in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells. Methods Cells were incubated for 48h in dif-ferent concentrations of medicated serum ( containing 0% ~40% of TLXNET in the serum ) . Firstly, the non-toxic concentration was measured by MTT assay, the activity of cells was detected by LDH methods, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 . Then, the gene and protein expressions of APP were detected via RT-PCR and Western blot of which the expressions of shearing fragments such as sAPPα and sAPPβ were investigated by Western blot, the same as the expressions of IDE and NEP. Addi-tionally, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence detection kits respectively. Eventually, MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability after the SH - SY 5 Y cells were treated with various concentrations of medicated serum and Aβ25-35 for 48h. Results There was no significant toxicity of TLXNET medicated serum in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells ( P >0 . 05 ) . TLXNET could signifi-cantly inhibit Aβ secretion in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells ( P<0 . 05 ) , but had no effect on Aβ secretion in SH-SY5Y-C99 cells, the same as the level of APP mRNA and protein in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells and the expressions of IDE and NEP (P>0. 05). Additionally, TLXNET could still notably inhibit the expression of sAPPβ pro-tein in a dose-dependent way, with statistical signifi-cance ( P <0. 05 ) . Meanwhile, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were also significantly decreased by TLXNET (P <0. 01). Moreover, the medicated serum of TLXNET had a protective effect on SH-SY5 Y apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 ( P <0 . 01 ) . Conclusion TLXNET could obviously inhibit β-secretase enzyme, and has an antagonistic effect a-gainst Aβneurotoxicity, which suggests that the inhibi-tion of β-secretase enzyme and antagonism against Aβneurotoxicity are the main anti-AD mechanism of TLX-NET .

AIM To observe the effects of Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid (Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata,Angelicae sinensis Radix,Psoraleae Fructus,etc.) on learning and memory function,hippocampus tissue pathological morphology,SOD activity and carbonyl protein content in SAMP8 mice.METHODS Twenty-seven SAMP8 mice were randomly and equally divided into model control group,donepezil hydrochloride group and Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid group.Another nine SAMR1 mice were selected as normal control group.Mice were given successive intragastric administration for 60 days.On the 56th day,the passive avoidance test was adopted,and the learning and memory capacities were determined after 5 d;The pathological morphology was observed by HE staining;ELISA assay was used to detect the activity of SOD and the content of carbonyl protein in brain tissue.RESULTS Compared with the model control group,the escape latency of mice in the Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid group was significantly prolonged,and the number of errors decreased significantly (P ＜0.01);the pathological morphology of hippocampus tissue was significantly improved;SOD activity increased significantly,and carbonyl protein content decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid can not only improve the learning and memory function of SAMP8 mice,but also reduce the degree of hippocampus tissue degenerative disease.

AIM: To observe the effect of hypoxia on cardiaomyocytes apoptosis and the role of ALDH2 in the process. METHODS: Cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were used. Hypoxia was imposed to the cardiomyocytes with or without daidzin pretreatment. ALDH2 activity was measured by the method of acetaldehyde metabolism. Apoptosis was measured by Hoechest 33324 staining, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and the DeadEnd~ TM fluorometric TUNEL system. RESULTS: ALHD2 enzyme activity in myocytes was inhibited by daidzin (24 h, 60 ?mol/L) without induction of apoptosis. When exposed to hypoxia, however, the apoptisis was significantly increased in the cells pretreated with daidzin compared to those without the pretreatment. CONCLUSION: The reduction of ALDH2 activity might increase the susceptivity of myocytes to apoptosis following hypoxia, suggesting a protective role of ALDH2 in hypoxia-induced myocardial injury.

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and regularity of influenza B virus in Guizhou Province, and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention of influenza.Methods Results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(PT-PCR) of influenza B virus in Guizhou Province from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016 were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1 904 samples were detected influenza B virus by RT-PCR, B/Yamagata (By) lineage and B/Victoria (Bv) lineage were 1 215 and 642 respectively.In April 2013-March 2014 and April 2014-March 2015, the predominant strains of influenza B were both By lineage, in April 2015-March 2016, the predominant strains of influenza B were Bv and By lineages, the epidemic peaks were in winter and spring;there's a higher positive percentage of influenza B in male, accounting for 56.83%;the highest detection rate of influenza B virus was found in population aged <15 years(70.80%),Bv and By lineages were the highest in the 0~ (42.37%) and 5~ age groups (35.56%) respectively;the main pathogen causing mixed infection was By+Bv (67.65%),mixed infection with influenza B virus accounted for 95.59%.Conclusion There are two lineages By and Bv epidemic in Guizhou Province, the epidemic peaks of influenza B are in winter and spring, male cases are higher than female, people under 15 years old are the high-risk group for influenza B, it is of great significance to strengthen the vaccination and surveillance of influenza in low age population.

Objective To understand the genetic variations of influenza B virus outbreaks in Guizhou province in 2016,and to compare the matching situation of outbreak epidemic strains with the vaccine strains recommended by WHO and representative strains in China.Methods The haemagglutinin HA1 gene of 8 strains isolated from two episodes of influenza B virus outbreaks in Tongren area was amplified and sequenced.The sequencing products were analyzed by bioinformatics software DNAStar. Results The two episodes of influenza outbreaks were both caused by influenza B Victoria lineage virus (BV).The homologies of the isolated strains were 99.8%—100.0% in nucleotide and 99.5 %—100.0%in amino acid.Mutation was only detected at 274 site in some strains.Compared with reference strain B/Victoria/2/87,the homologies were 91 .8%—92.0% and 91 .5 %—92.0%,respectively.Mutations developed at 17 amino acid sites,among which,I143V,V163I and V201I site were associated with the main antigenic determinant area B,C and D.Compared with previous vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008, the homologies were 98.2%—98.3% and 98.5 %—99.0%,respectively,and mutations were detected at 3 sites.Mutations at I143V and N155D were detected in all 8 strains and at T247I in some strains.The mutation of I143V was associated with antigenic determinant area B.Compared with the representative strain B/Chongqing-Yuzhong/1384/2010,the homologies were 96.7%—96.8% and 97.0%—97.5 %, respectively.A total of 6 sites developed mutations,among which,5 sites were P84L,I143V,N155D, V172I and T223N mutations.The mutation of T247I was detected in some strains,and I143V was associated with area B.Compared with the epidemic strain in Guizhou in 2016,the homologies were 99.8%—100.0% and 99.5 %—100.0%,respectively.Mutation was only detected at site 247 in some strains and was not associated with the main antigenic determinant area.Conclusions The two episodes of influenza outbreaks in Guizhou are caused by the same BV lineage epidemic virus strain.Haemagglutinin gene of BV lineage virus is constantly changing.However,there is no new mutation emerged at important site.Compared with previous influenza vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008 recommended by WHO,BV lineage virus is well matched and could provide a positive protection effect.