Objective To explore the relationship between adaptive skills and intelligence in young children. Method 30 young children aged from 3 to 6 years were concurrently administered the Adaptive Skill Rating Scale for Young Children(ASRSYC) and China- Wechsler Young Chilren Scale of Intelligence(C -WYCSI). Result The correlation coefficients between the total score of ASRSYC and the verbal scale score , performance scale score and full scale score of C - WYCSI were 0. 85, 0.70and 0. 81, respectively. The corrdlations between the total score of ASRSYC and the subtest scores of C - WYCSI ranged from 0. 51 to 0. 75 . Conclusion Adaptive skills and intelligenoe in young children relate each other and develop jointly.

Objective To investigate the effects of blood transfusion on postoperative infection in patients with breast cancer.Methods 311 patients who underwent breast cancer operations in our hospital were observed.Among them,109 patients were transfused with red blood cell (RBC) concentrates,112 with white blood cell(WBC)-depleted RBC concentrates,90 were not transfused.The rates of postoperative infection of three groups were compared.Results The rate of postoperative infection of the group transfused with RBC concentrates was 5.50%.The rate of postoperative infection of the group transfused with WBC-depleted RBC concentrates was 0.89%,which was significantly different from that of the group transfused with RBC concentrates(P0.05).Conclusions In patients with breast cancer,the rate of postoperative infection of the group transfused with RBC concentrates was higher than that of group transfused with WBC-depleted RBC concentrates and of the group without transfusion. The rate of postoperative infection was closely correlated to the amount of RBC concentrates.

AIM: To know the variations of the cytochrome b gene in cancer tissue, paracarinoma tissue and normal tissue and to inquire into the relationship between mutations of mitochondrial genome and carcinogenesis. METHODS: Cellular total DNA was extracted.The cytochrome b genes of three tissues were amplifyed with polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR products were analysed by DNA auto-sequencing method. RESULTS: The cytochrome b gene of cancer tissue had the C to G mutation at nt 14931, the C to G mutation at nt 15004 and the T to C mutation at nt15435,respectively. The cytochrome b gene of paracarinoma tissue had the A to C mutation at nt 15436. The cytochrome b gene of normal tissue had not mutation. CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial DNA mutations could be the endogenous factors that induce nuclear genome mutation. It could promoto carcinogenesis. The paracarinoma tissue was abnormal in DNA molecular level.

A medical studies have indicated that there would be a defense response from human body after TBI,which mainly comes with inflammatory reaction. Human body's resistance seems likely to be enhanced,during this process, by inflammatory cytokines leading to rehabilitation of the cellular organization.However,a strong Inflammation from the whole human body may be caused due to the excessive activation,which, instead, worsens secondary brain injury. This article discusses the relationship between cytokines and traumatic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CYCLIND1 CDK4 in pancreatic cancer and their relationship with clinlicopathological parameters.Methods Immunohistochemical detector with new second generational tow steps method was used to detect the expressions of CYCLIND1 CDK4 and PCNA in 48 cases of pancreatic cancer and 14 cases of chronic pancreatitis.Results The expressions of CYCLIND1 CDK4 proteins in pancreatic cancer were 70.85%(34/48)and 62.50%(30/48) respectively.The CYCLIND1 and CDK4 proteins were increased(P

Objective To investigate the expression of Notch4 protein and to analyze its correlation with the clinical parameters and the microvessel dentisty in renal cell carcinoma. Methods The expression of Notch4 was examined in 60 cases of renal cell carcinoma and the para-carcinoma tissue by SP immunohistochemical stain-ing ,and CD34 detection was used for counting microvessel density. Statistical analysis was performed to reveal the correlation with clinicopathological parameters ,microvessel density and prognosis. Results The positive rate of Notch4 protein expression was 75%(45/60)in para-carcinoma tissue,and was 43.3%(26/60)in renal cell car-cinoma,with significant difference on tumor grade and Lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). The microvessel densi-ty in Notch4 positive tissues was significant lower than that in the negative samples(P<0.05). The survival time of patients with Notch4 positive expression was significantly longer than that of patients with Notch4 negative expres-sion(P<0.05). Conclusion Notch4 protein plays an important role in the development of renal cell carcinoma. Notch4 expression might both attenuate the malignant biological characteristics and suppress the angiogenesis dur-ing tumor development.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism for intraperitoneal injection of sapylin to enhance the anti-tumoral immune functions of peritoneal macrophages.Methods:72 cases of patients with early or middle stage gastrointestinal cancer were peritoneally injected saline or sapylin, 48 h or 24 h before operation. The peritoneal macrophages(PM?) was harvested during their operations. The number of the PM? was counted. The phagocytosis, the enzyme activity of LDH and ACP,and the NO secretion were analyzed. Using human gastric cancer cell line MKN1 as target cells, the anti-tumoral cytotoxicity of the PM? was observed.The greater omentum was harvested,both the number and the size of the omental milky spots were measured.Results:I.p. injection of sapylin significantly increased the number, the phagocytosis, the enzyme activities,NO secretion and anti-tumoral cytotoxicity of the PM?, as well as the number and the size of omental milky spots.Conclusion:By activating omental milky spots, intraperitoneal injection of sapylin increased the number and enhanced the immune function of PM?, the activated PM? showed enhancement of anti-tumoral cytotoxicity.

Objective To assess community health service ability of general practitioners (GPs) with the Standardized General Practitioner Training(SGPT) in Shanghai.Methods One hundred and four GPs receiving SGPT and matched 102 GPs without SGPT were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study from September to November in 2014.Community health service ability,including abilities in basic medical service and public health service were assessed and compared between two groups.Written examination was applied in the public health services ability assessment.Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was applied for evaluation of basic medical service abilities.Results The scores of written examination in GPs with SGPT were higher than those without SGPT[(66 ±4) vs.(62 ±7),P ＜0.01].The OSCE scores in GP with SGPT were higher than those without SGPT [(494 ± 78) vs.(448 ± 80),P ＜ 0.01].GPs with SGPT also abtained the higher scores in consultation competence and clinical skills assessment [(245 ± 44) vs.(225 ±40),P＜0.01;(252 ±59) vs.(225 ±61),P ＜0.01].In OSCE,GPs with SGPT got higher score than those without SGPT in 5 stations (medical history collection,doctor-patient communication,basic operation,ECG interpretation,and CPR) (all P ＜ 0.01);however,no significant differences were observed in 3 stations (physical examination,case analysis and X-ray interpretation) between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions GPs with SGPT have better basic medical service and public health service ability.But some aspects of basic medical service ability need to be strengthened in the training and practice.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of three different treatments for gallbladder and common bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 180 cases of gallbladder stones combined with bile duct stones undergoing surgery from May 2010 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into three groups,A group of 60 patients underwent a period of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST),under the second phase of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC);Group B 60 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) + laparoscopic common bile duct exploration surgery (LCBDE) + T tube drainage;Group C 60 patients underwent conventional open cholecystectomy (OC) + bile duct exploration (OCBDE) + T tube drainage.Results A group of 53 cases completed surgery successfully,5 cases of remaining 7 patients failured in the first phase surgery,2 cases of the 5 patients did LC + LCBDE,3 of the 5 patients underwent conventional surgery.Two patients underwent the conventional surgery in the second phase surgery.B group of 57 cases completed surgery successfully,three cases convert to open surgery.All of the group C completed the surgery successfully.Group A complication was the most in the three groups (P＜0.05);group B had the shortest time of hospitalization (P＜0.05),the complication rate was lower than that in group A (P＜0.05),the complication had no significant difference between A and B.(P and group B ＞ 0.05),group B had shortest operation time (P＜0.05);no statistically significant differences were found among three groups in fasting time.Conclusion Three treatment methods have advantages as well as disadvantages,a reasonable treatment should be selected according to the specific circumstances.

Objective To investigate the genotypes and encoding resistance genes differences of Acinetobacter baumannii and analyze their interrelations with multi-drug resistance.Methods A total of 77strains Acinetobacter baumannii were collected random from the second Xiangya Hospital during September 2008 to September 2009.The K-B method which was WHO recommended was adopted to Acinetobacter baumannii drug sensitivity test to 15 kinds of antibiotics to establish susceptibility spectrum.At the same time,random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to establish DNA fingerprinting.The genes of β-lactamase(TEM-1,IMP,OXA-23,OXA-24,AmpC),aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes[aac(3')-Ⅰ ,aac(6')-Ⅰ ,ant(3")-Ⅰ]and 16S rRNA methylase(armA,rmtA,rmtB)were detected by PCR and sequenced,and find the relationship between the gene encoding and multi-drug resistance.In addition,we compared the rates of resistance genes of Acinetobacter baumannii and the relations with the genotype and the multi-resistance.Results Thirty-one sensitive strains and 46 multi-drug resistance strains(10 Pan-drug resistances)were isolated.Seventeen types from A to Q were separated using RAPD technique.E genotype widely popular in the ICU was the advantage type in multi-drug resistance strains,and the rate was 47.1%.While the various types scattered in sensitive strains.The positive rates of TEM-1,IMP,OXA-23,OXA-24,AmpC,aac(3')-Ⅰ ,aac(6')-Ⅰ ,ant(3")-Ⅰ ,armA in the multi-drug resistance strains and the sensitive strains were 95.7%,39.1%,84.8% ,54.3%,87.0%,89.1%,84.8%,45.7%,63.0% and 58.1%,9.7%,32.3%,48.4%,48.4%,29.0%,45.2%,12.9%,9.7%,respectively,and there was significant difference except for OXA-24 using the X2 test(P ＜ 0.05).All isolates were negative for rmtA gene and rmtB gene.Drug susceptibility analysis showed that the resistant rate was significantly higher of the strains carrying resistant genes than that of the resistance negative strains.When the strains were resistant to gentamicin and amikacin,the rate of three aminoglycoside genes positive was 34.8%.The trains containing all the measured β-lactamase genes were all resistant strains.Conclusion Compared with the sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii strains,a broad resistance spectrum and a high drug resistance rate were showed in multidrug resistance strains isolated from clinic,which harboring many kinds of β-lactamase genes and aminoglycosides genes with a high separation rate,and the same clone of multiple drug-resistant strains may be transmitted in and among wards.