Objective To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for determination of effective components of naphthopyrone glycosides and anthraquinone aglycone in Cassia tora L.Methods The separation was performed on a Sunfire C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm), and column temperature 30 ℃.Aetonitrile-0.1% H3PO4 was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was at 278 nm and 284 nm.Relative correction factor by determination of Between aurantio-obtusin and rubrofusarin-gentiobioside or chrysophanol or physcion.the method was evaluated for reproducibility, and the difference between calculated and measured values was compared. Results Rubrofusarin-gentiobioside, aurantio-obtusin, chrysophanol and physcion respectively 0.0503-1.5078, 0.3197-9.5899, 0.5070-15.2108, 0.4027-12.0814μg showed a good linear relationship, and the regression equation is Y =4.95X +2.01(R2 =0.9998),Y =1.03X +0.03(R2 =0.9999),Y=3.98X-0.12(R2 =0.9993),Y =4.81X +0.26(R2 =0.9996).The quantitative results of six batches of Cassia tora L by QAMS was basically consistent with that by external standard method.Conclusion The QAMS method was reliable and accurate, which might be used for the quality control of Cassia tora L.

Objective:To develop a Subject Interest Inventory (SII) for senior high school students.Methods:The SII was structured by incorporating rational-theoretical and empirical techniques. The item functionality, scale reliability and validity were established.Results:Final version was a 90-item scale measuring student's 9 subject interests. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were acceptable. The structure of SII was confirmed by intercorrelations among the subscales and by exploratory factor analysis. Evidence of concurrent validity was supported by: (a) the correlations between the interests and the scholastic achievements; (b) the gender differences in subject interest and in the correlations between the interests and the achievements; and (c) the different interests scores between the art students and the science students.Conclusion: These results suggest that the structure of SII is acceptable, and that its reliability and validity indexes are sound.

Objective To explore the methods for early diagnosis and treatment of blunt pancreatic injury.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with blunt pancreatic injury treated in our hospital from Janurery 2004 to Janurery 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The conformity diagnosis rate of CT was 79.3%.Four cases received nonoperative treatment including 3 cases of grade I and 1 of grade II injury.A total of 28 cases with blunt pancreatic injury underwent operation: 5 grade I and 7 grade II cases underwent debridement and drainage;among the patients with grade Ⅲ injury,4 underwent distal pancreatectomy in combination with splenectomy,and 2 pancreatectomy with spleen preservation;amongst the 5 patients with grade Ⅳ injury,4 underwent Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy and 1 underwent distal pancreatectomy in combination with splenectomy;of the 5 patients with grade Ⅴ injury,1 case was operated on using duodenorrhaphy and diverticulization,2 underwent the Whipple′s procedare and 2 had damage control surgery.Three patients died of multiple organ failure,and complications occurred in 19(76.0%).Pancreatic fistula and pancreatic pseudocysts were the main complications.Conclusions In the absence of major pancreatic ductal injury,and the clinical conditions were stable,pancreatic injuries can be treated with nonoperative management.Operative treatment is suitable for severe blunt pancreatic injury.Appropriate operation,based on patient condition and the classification of pancrecatic trauma,is the key to increase the cure rate and decrease mortality rate.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular (LV) systolic dyssynchrony after the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods STE were performed in 65 patients within 72 h of AMI and compared with 60 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The peak longitudinal strain (LS_(peak)) was measured at LV myocardium. LV dyssynchrony was defined as an interval ≥130 ms for the absolute difference in time to peak radial strain for the anteroseptal wall versus the posterior wall (TAS-POST). Size of myocardial infarction (MIS)was confirmed by wall-motion score index (WMSI). Results The LS_(peak) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were lower, and WMSI and TAS-POST were larger in AMI patients compared with controls. Forty-two patients had developed LV dyssynchrony (64.62%), and there were strong correlation between LV dyssynchrony (TAS-POST) and LS_(peak), LVEF, and WMSI (MIS). MIS was the most independent predictor for systolic dyssynchrony. Conclusion AMI with normal QRS can induce LV dyssynchrony, which is mainly determined by MIS. STE is a reliable technique for accurate evaluation of LV synchrony.

Objective To prepare a radiofrequency (RF) ablation probe guided by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods A modified 19-gauge needle ( Olympus) was used, which was electrically insulated with shrink tubing, with the tip of lcm naked. The insulation was tested, and the current signal was stable. Three rabbits were anesthetized with 8% chloral hydrate ( 3 ml/kg) intraperitoneally, fixed on the dissecting table. A standard neutral pad was applied to the thigh of the rabbit to complete the electrical circuit, both the pad and the needle electrode connected with RF generator. After anesthesia was ready, the needle was advanced through the gastric wall into the liver. Ablations were performed three times in the same zone. Extent and tissue lesion were measured after ablation. Results Ablation could be successfully performed by the needle electrode, with brown lesions surrounded by normal hepatic tissue. The mean diameter of the ablated zone in the liver was 1.0 cm× 1.2 cm. After ablation,specimens along the passage were subjected to NADH staining, and no lesions were found. HE and NADH staining showed no viable cells in the central ablation area. Conclusion With the advance of the technology and selection of materials, an EUS-guided needle electrode can be made. This preliminary animal trial demonstrates that radiofrequency ablation can be performed effectively and safely by using this EUS-guided needle electrode.

Objective To analyze the incidence and clinical features of urothelial tumors in renal allograft recipients.Methods A retrospective analysis of 1042 patients received renal allografts who had taken immunosuppression for at least six months between 2006 and 2011 in The First Centre Hospital of Tianjin was performed.Results Eleven cases of uroepithelial tumors were diagnosed in the 1042 cases of renal transplantation ( 1.06％ ),of whom 9 cases were noticed by hematuria ( 81.8 ％ ),2 cases ( 18.2％ ) by medical examination.Six patients were diagnosed with multifocal urothelial carcinomas.Surgery was performed on all the patients with renal tumors and followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy.Conclusion Malignancies in urinary tract after renal transplantation should be bore in mind.Early diagnosis is very important.The treatment options include reducing immunosuppressive agents and removing tumor lesions completely.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary duodenal carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 41 cases with primary duodenal carcinoma admired during 2000-2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Clinical manifestation was not specific, including abdominal pain, abdominal distention, jaundice, bowel obstruction or bleeding. The correct diagnosis rate of endoscopy, duodenography, ultrasound and CT was 86%, 90%, 20% and 33% respectively. 23 cases underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 6 cases received segmental duodenectomy, 9 cases received bypass operation and 3 cases underwent biopsy. Overall postoperative 5-year survival rate was 18%. Univariate analysis revealed that the operation types, tumor histology, depth of tumor invatian, lymphatic invasion correlated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only the operative types, depth of tumor invasion and lymphatic invasion were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Duodenography and endoscopy are major methods for diagnosis of primary duodenal carcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the choice of therapy for primary duodenal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment and improvement of work system for clinical pharmacist in PIVAS of our province even the country. METHODS:Questionnaire was conducted to investigate the PIVAS directors in the 65 third-grade class A hospitals in China,and the data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 65 questionnaires were sent out, 63 were effectively received,with effective rate of 96.9%. 98.4% respondents thought PIVAS should equip clinical pharmacist,but the actual situation in respondent's hospital was not ideal. 100% thought clinical pharmacist in PIVAS should have the ability of prescription checking and prescription evaluation;more than 95% thought clinical pharmacist in PIVAS should assume the medi-cine publicity and education and need to have good communication with clinic;only 42.9% thought clinical pharmacist in PIVAS need to take part in the routine drug dispensing. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to equip clinical pharmacist with professional training in PIVAS. Clinical pharmacist in PIVAS should focus their ability on prescription checking and evaluation,medicine public-ity and education,communication with clinic.

Objective To investigate the correlative factors affecting the plasma D-dimer level in elderly patients. Methods Five hundred and seventy-eight hospitalized elderly patients were included in this study. All participants were di-vided into normal group (＜0.4 mg/L) and elevated group (≥0.4 mg/L) according to the plasma D-dimer value,which was mea-sured by automated quantitative turbidimetric latex agglutination test. The differences in clinical indicators were compared be-tween two groups. The factors leading to the increased plasma levels of D-dimer in elderly patients were also analyzed. Results It was found that the patient age, C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, proportions of type 2 diabetes mellitus, ma-lignant tumor, bacterial pneumonia and (or) acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis were significant higher in elevated group than those of normal group (P＜0.05), but the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in elevated group than those of normal group (P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum level of D-dimer and age, C-reactive protein (r=0.254 and 0.265, P ＜ 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting plasma D-dimer level of elderly patients were aging, elevated C-reactive protein level, existing of malignant tumor, type 2 dia-betes mellitus, and bacterial pneumonia and (or) acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Conclusion Aging, existing of type 2 diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, or acute inflammatory state were the important factors leading elevated plasma D-dimer levels in elderly patients.