Objective To observe the effet of gross saponin of tribulus terrestris(GSTT) on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in anesthetic thoraco-opened dogs.Methods Thirty dogs were randomly divided into negative control,positive control,and experimental groups(GSTT of 6.26,12.52,and 25.00 mg?kg~(-1))(n=6).The administration of intravenous injection was used.The effects of GSTT on the indexes of the hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in anesthetic thoraco-opened dogs were observed.Results Compared with controls GSTT increased myocardial blood flow(CBF)(P

Objective:To compare the antihypertensive effect of L-amloipine with that of a mlodipine.Methods:Blood pressure and heart rate of SHRs were measured with blood press ure meter of rat (SBP-1) by administrating L-amlodipine and amlopdipine through mo uth.Hemodynamic parameter of anaesthetic dogs was determined by administrating drugs through duodenum with Polygraph System (RM6000).Results:L-amlodipine could slowly reduce the blood pressure and heart rates of clearing SHRs,it could also reduce the blood pressure of normal anaesthetic dogs and the action of L-amlodipine was similar to that of amlodipine.Conclusion:L-amlodipine as a new antihypertensive drug can significantly re duce blood pressure.

BACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial cel s participate in the coagulation cascade reaction or contraction of blood vessels by secreting abundant coagulating substances that promote coagulation. OBJECTIVE:To overview the effects of different coagulating substances secreted by vascular endothelial cel s, and provide theoretical basis for the screening of coagulant biomaterials. METHODS:A computer-based research in CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for relevant literatures addressing vascular endothelial cel s and its secreting coagulating substances published from 1988 to 2016 using the keywords of“vascular endothelial cel s, endothelin, Ang II, TXA2, tissue factor, col agen, fibronectin, von wilbrand factor, thrombospondin, platelet activating factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor, proaccelerin, antihemophlic factor”in English and Chinese, respectively. Final y 36 articles were enrol ed for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Vascular endothelial cel s can secrete numerous coagulation factors that play important roles in the process of coagulation, inflammation reaction and thrombosis fol owing vascular injury. Among them, coagulation factor V and VIII are directly involved in the coagulation cascade reaction and promote thrombosis. In the meanwhile, the vasoconstrictors narrow the lumen, thereby assisting coagulation and promoting thrombosis indirectly. Subject headings:Endothelial Cel s;Blood Coagulation Factors;Endothelins;Tissue Engineering

Objective To observe the changes of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) -immunoreactive positive nerve fibers innervation in bone tissue of femoral heads during the pathological process of early steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH), and explore its significance.Methpathological group of SANFH was induced.Immunohistochemical technique was used and the changes of CGRP-immunoreactive positive nerve fibers innervation in weight bearing area of the femoral heads during the pathological process of early SANFH were observed.Result The number of CGRP-immunoreactive nerves increased first and then decreased ( Peaked at 6 weeks, 10.28 ± 0.66 ), but it was more than that ofnormal control group.There was significant difference between two groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion There were changes in the distribution of CGRP-immunoreactive positive nerves fiber during the process of bone repair after SANFH.CGRP-immunoreactive positive nerves fiber might take part in the process of bone repair in SANFH.

Objective To measure the level of interleukin-15(IL-15) in serum and its expression in lung tissues,and analyze the correlations between IL-15 and IL-4,IFN-?,eosinophil(Eos),and explore the effect of IL-15 on bronchial asthma.Methods Thirty femal BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three group(n=10),group A(asthma model),group B(corticosteroid treatment) and group C(normal control).All mice were killed 24 h after final OVA challenge.Blood were obtained for measurement of serum IgE,IL-4,IFN-? and IL-15 levels by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA).Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BLAF) was collected for Eos count.The left lungs were isolated for pathological examination.The lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The expressions of IL-15 in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical SP method.Results ①The mouse asthma model appeared ethological changes specific to asthma,the Eos count in BALF was increased,and IgE and IL-4 levels in serum were also increased compared with control group(P

Objective:To observe the motor capacity of patients early after cardiac surgery using a cardiopulmonary exercise test.Methods:Patients who had performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test within 3 months after cardiac surgery were included in this retrospective study. Patients who took the test within 30 days of the operation formed a discharge group ( n=20), those within 30 to 60 days and 60 to 90 days formed the one month and two month groups ( n=10 for both). The discharge group was further divided into an aortic surgery group ( n=9), a bypass surgery group ( n=6) and a valve surgery group ( n=5) according to their procedure. The exercise capacity of each person was measured in terms of the changes in heart rate and systolic pressure from the resting to the anaerobic threshold stage. Anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent were also recorded. Results:All of the patients completed the cardiopulmonary exercise test above the anaerobic threshold, and no adverse events such as exercise accidents occurred. At the anaerobic threshold the average heart rate of the discharge group was (8.8±7.1)bpm, significantly lower than the averages of the one month and two months groups: (17.0±5.9) and (18.3±10.5)bpm respectively. The average anaerobic thresholds and peak oxygen uptakes of the 1 month and 2 months groups were not significantly different, but they were all significantly higher than the discharge group′s averages. There were, however, no significant differences among the groups in the average changes in their systolic pressure and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent. Moreover, the average anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake of the aortic surgery group and the bypass surgery group were significantly lower than the valve surgery group′s averages.Conclusions:Postoperative motor ability after cardiac surgery improves significantly for at least 30 days. Patients who have received aortic or bypass surgery have significantly lower exercise capacity than those after valve surgery.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease. Its most significant pathological change is destruction of articular cartilage and the main clinical symptoms are pain and dysfunction of joints. Recent studies have shown that the expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in chondrocytes can abnormally up-regulate or down-regulate and alter the activities of chondrocytes like their proliferation, migration and apoptosis, thus leading to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm, which are secreted in intercellular fluid, act as medium of intercellular communication. They protect ncRNA, protein, lipid and other bioactive materials from enzymatic degradation by encapsulating them and transferring to sibling chondrocytes, due to their good tissue permeability. They can also improve communication between cells and regulate the activities of chondrocytes. Thus, exosomes behave like gene carriers. The ncRNA carried by exosomes can supplement or adsorb the abnormal ncRNA in chondrocytes, so as to regulate the activity of chondrocytes, and is therefore considered as a possible candidate with capabilities to repair cartilages. In this study we reviewed existing literatures related to the roles and effects of exosome miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA on osteoarthritis. We also reviewed the pathogenesis of exosome ncRNA in osteoarthritis.

Objective To compare the application effects of percutaneous tracheotomy and the traditional tracheotomy for patients in ICU. Methods From February 2015 to June 2016,56 patients in ICU of the First Hospital of Ninghai County were selected in the research and randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table, with 28 cases in each group. The traditional group received traditional tracheotomy. The percutaneous group received the percutaneous tracheotomy. The surgical blood loss,operative time,incision length,scar area,incision healing time, mechanical ventilation time,survival rate and incision infection,subcutaneous emphysema,trachea collapse and other complications were compared between the two groups. Results The operative blood loss,operative time,incision length,scar area,incision healing time,mechanical ventilation time in percutaneous group were (3. 14 ± 0. 15) mL, (10. 02 ± 3. 53)min,(1. 52 ± 1. 52)cm,(1. 18 ± 0. 12)cm2 ,(3. 53 ± 0. 44)d,(5. 73 ± 1. 13)d,respectively,which in the control group were (7. 24 ± 1. 91)mL,(30. 98 ± 11. 72)min,(5. 26 ± 5. 26)cm,(5. 72 ± 1. 95)cm2 ,(7. 46 ± 1. 25)d,(5. 67 ± 1. 82) d,respectively,the blood loss,operative time,incision length,operation scar area,incision healing time between the two groups had statistically significant differences (t = 8. 635,8. 052,8. 155,8. 742,9. 251, all P < 0. 05). The survival rate of the two groups was 100. 0％ . The incidence rate of incision infection,subcutaneous emphysema,trachea collapse in the percutaneous group was 17. 86％ ,which was significantly lower than 64. 29％ in the traditional group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 15. 014,P < 0. 05). Conclusion Percutaneous tracheotomy and the traditional tracheotomy have certain effect for patients in ICU,compared with traditional tracheotomy, percutaneous tracheotomy has less blood loss, less operation time, can reduce the complications, and can replace traditional tracheotomy for rescue and treatment for ICU patients.

Perthes disease is a hip lesion caused by vascular disorders in the femoral head of children.Although the disease is a self-limited disease,but often residualvary degrees of femoral head deformity,leading to early osteoarthritis.It is currently believed that the lesions of Perthes disease are mainly located in the femoral head.However,some studies demonstrated that patients with Perthes disease also appearvary degrees of acetabular morphological changes.In recent years,the acetabular retroversions were found in 31-60％ of patients with Perthes disease.The acetabular retroversion is a pathological anatomical variation of the acetabulum in the horizontal plan.It is related to the occurrence of the femoracetabular impingement and osteoarthritis.Many studies showed that the patients with poor prognosis (Stulberg Ⅲ,Ⅳ or Ⅴ) are associated with a higher prevalence of acetabular retroversion.The grading and the age of onset of Perthes disease are important factors affectingprognosis.Although existing studies illustrate that the lateral column grading,gender and age are not associated with the acetabular retroversion of Perthes disease significantly,the cases of the studies are limited and further researches are expected.Surgery containment therapy is an important wayto treat Perthes disease.The pelvic osteotomy can directly change the shape of the acetabulum and cause the acetabular retroversion,which result inthe femoracetabular impingement.The acetabular retroversion should be avoided as much as possible intraoperatively.Further research should be focused on whether the surgical interventions and the subsequent biomechanical changes could induce the acetabular retroversion.The cause of the acetabular retroversion in patients with Perthes disease is unclear.In order to elucidate the occurrence and development of acetabular retroversionin Perthes disease,some scholars found thataccompanying femoral head deformity,acetabular anteversion angleand inclinationdecreased significantly,and thecoverage angle in the superior,posterior,and inferior quadrants alsogradually reduced in animal studies.This is similar to clinical observations.This article reviews the progress of acetabular retroversion in Perthes disease by summarizing the relevant literatures.We hope to givenew insights for the etiology and pathology of Perthes disease,and provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of the femoracetabular impingement and early osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVETo disclose the molecular genetic mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine chromosomal location of type 2 diabetes mellitus gene.

METHODSGenome-wide screening and genotyping were conducted in a family of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and linkage analysis by LINKAGE and GENEHUNTER package was used to determine the potential chromosomal location of the family of type 2 diabetes mellitus gene.

RESULTSEvidence of linkage was found at the long arm of chromosome 2. The maximum Lod score is 1.80 and non-parameter Lod score is 5.06.

CONCLUSIONThe type 2 diabetes mellitus gene of the family is located at 2q.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree