159 kidneys from infant and neonatal cadavers were dissected under stereoscope.The study showed that there were a lot of lymphatics(11.11?2.48) originating fromthe lymphatic network of renal sinus.The lymphatics of renal pedicle variedslightly in diameter (0.25-0.40 mm).The mean value of the diameter oflymphatics in the renal pedicle was 4mm.The mean value of the ratio ofdiameter of lymphatics to that of renal vein on the same side is 90.47%.Therewere positive correlation between them.The renal lymph nodes were scattered singlyin number in each kidney.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of vindercine(VDS)in the interven- tional treatment of hepatic and pulmonary carcinomas.Materials and Methods:30 cases of mid-ad- vanced hepatic and pulmonary carcinomas,among them,13 eases of primary hepatic carcinomas,7 cases of matastic hepatic carinomas and 10 cases of primary pulmonary carcinomas,were treated by selective arterial infusion chemotherapy.The combination chemotherapeutic regimens conpored of VDS together with 5-Fu,MMC,carboplatin or Vp16.Results:The response rate for all cases was 60%,for primary hepatic carcinomas 61.5%,for metastic hepatic carcinoma 42.9% and for primary pulmonary carcinoma 70%.Myelosuppession was the main toxicity and 70% patients had the gastrointertional reac- tions as nusea,vomiting etc.Conclusion:VSD is a more effective drug for pulmonary carcinoma,but for hepatic carcinoma,the efficacy of VDS was unmarkable from other drugs.

Objective To evaluate the flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) system for determine the margin of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods From February 2008 to October 2011,a total of 51 patients with early gastric cancer or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm who received ESD were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental group to determine lesion margin by FICE (n =26) and control group to identify lesion margin by indigo carmine (n =25).Histological complete resection rate (the lateral and vertical margins were free of cancer),operation time,complications,post-ESD ulcer-healing rates and local recurrence were assessed.Results The histological complete resection rate,acute minor bleeding rate and post-ESD abdominal pain rate in experimental group were 2.3％ (24/26),88.5％ (23/26),15.4％ (4/26) and 73.1％ (19/26),which were not significantly different from those of control group,i.e.,92.0％ (23/25),84.0％ (21/25),12.0％ (3/25)and 72.0％ (18/25) (P＞0.05).The mean operation time of in experimental group was shorter than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).No massive bleeding,delayed bleeding or perforation occurred in either group.Follow-up showed no local residue or recurrence.Conclusion FICE is safe and effective to determine the tumor demarcation of early gastric cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm,and needs less operation time.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of CT in subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) induced by aneurysm rupture.Methods The clinical and CT data of 119 patients with SAH induced by aneurysm rupture were analyzed respectively.Results The CT characteristic of SAH induced by aneurysm rupture was full of hyperderse in sulcus and schizenceplay,or accompaning intracerebral hematoma in the straight gyrus of frontal lobe and the hippocampal gyrus of parietal lobe.Conclusion The CT has important value for diagnosing SAH induced by aneurysm rupture in the location and the nature.But it is indispensable that the CTA or DSA must be done for ascertaining the artery of responsibility of rupturing aneurysm.

The Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau is known as one of the highest endemic areas of echinococcosis However，the dog infection rates of Echinococcus granulosus in the plateau regions were similar to other non⁃Tibetan areas with the high endemic，and most of the rates were below 40%. The infected dogs with E. multilocularis were ubiquitous in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Qinghai Province where many survey data were done and available，which was much different from those in non⁃Ti⁃betan areas where the geographical distribution of dogs infected with E. multilocularis was sporadic. The total infection rates of Echinococcus in dogs kept stable from 1983 to 2009 in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and did not show much variation from 2000 to 2014 in Qinghai Province as well. Since 2006，the national comprehensive prevention and control strategy and mea⁃ sures against echinococcosis have been launched in China，and significant progress has been made. In the endemic Tibetan area of Sichuan，the general Echinococcus infection rates in dogs were 28.10%，15.87%，19.22%，3.28% and 1.11% from 2009 to 2013，respectively，and the Echinococcus coproantigen⁃positive rate in Gannan Prefecture of Gansu Province and parts of Qing⁃ hai Province also decreased. This paper reviews the literature on the characteristics of dog infections in the Qinghai⁃Tibetan Plateau，so as to provide useful information to support echinococcosis control and prevention there.

In order to meet the requirements of ultrasound bone density measurement, we proposed a software solution to improve the accuracy and speed of measurement of bone mineral density of the ultrasound bone densitometer. We used a high-speed USB interface chip FT232H, along with a high-speed AD converter chip to calculate speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA ) and other bone density parameters in the PC software. This solution improved the accuracy of the measurement data, reduced the measurement time and increased the quality of the displayed image. It is well concluded that the new software can greatly improve the accuracy and transmission speed of bone density measurement data through a high-speed USB interface and a software data processing technology.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Software ; Sound ; Ultrasonics

Objective To investigate the promoter methylation status of SFRP1 and SFRP2 gene in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Methods Methylation specific PCR (MSP) method was used to examine the methylation status of the 5' CpG island of SFRP1 and SFRP2 gene in tumors and corresponding normal tissues. Results Methylation frequencies of SFRP1 and SFRP2 gene in tumor specimens were 87.2 % (82/94) and 83 %(78/94), which was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (14.9 % and 55.3 %, respectively) (P <0.001). Methylation frequencies of SFRP1 in lymph node metastasis group (96.4 %) was significantly higher than that in no lymph node metastasis group (73.7 %). Methylation frequencies of SFRP1 and SFRP2 gene in poor differentiation group were all higher than that in moderate and poor-moderate differentiation groups, but both of them did not show significant difference(P >0.05). 63 cases of GCA showed both of SFRP1 and SFRP2 gene simultaneous methylation, which including 36 cases of lymph node metastasis group, 27 cases of no lymph node metastasis group. Simultaneous methylation frequencies of SFRP1 and SFRP2 gene in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in no lymph node metastasis group, poor differentiation group was higher than that in moderate and poor-moderate differentiation groups, but both of them did not show significant difference (P >0.05). Conclusion Promoter methylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 might be related with oncogenesis of GCA and hypermethylation of SFRP1 gene might be related with the malignant behavior of GCA.

Objective To evaluate the value of acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria for predicting hospital mortality in post-cardiosurgery elderly patients. Methods From October 2006 to January 2007, the elderly patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data included gender, age, operation type, perioperative hemodynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed according to the AKIN criteria, and severity of illness was determined after surgery by calculating Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ ) score. Results A total of 225 patients underwent cardiac surgery during this period, 169 patients were male (75. 1%), while 56 were female (24. 9%), mean age was (66. 7±5. 0) years old. The overall hospital mortality rate was 5.8% (13/225). According to AKIN criteria, there were 125 patients with acute kidney injury (55.6%), and the hospital mortality of stage 1, 2 and 3 patients were 2. l%(2/96), 9. 1% (1/11) and 50. 0% (9/18) respectively. A significant increase was observed in mortality based on AKIN criteria (P<0. 01). By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the AKIN criteria had a good discriminative power. Conclusions Both the incidence and mortality rate of acute kidney injury in the post-cardiosurgery elderly patients are high, the AKIN criteria is a simple and valuable method with a good prognostic capability for evaluating acute kidney injury.

Objective To investigate the difference of short-term clinical efficacy between decompressive laminectomy into In-Space and simple decompressive laminectomy for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability.Methods Thirty-three patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability admired from May 2009 to July 2010,were divided into two groups by random number table.Group A of 16 cases was treated with laminectomy decompression and placement In-Space,group B of 17 cases was treated with laminectomy decompression.Lumbar anteroposterior,lateral and flexion-extension X-ray films,preoperatively,and the follow-up were used to measure anterior and posterior disc height,foraminal height,segmental lordotic angle at surgical level.Using Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results All patients were followed up for (13.20 ± 2.91 ) months (range 6 to 21 months).The anterior disc height after operation of group A was slightly decreased compared with the preoperative(P＞ 0.05 ),the posterior disc height at 1 day after operation and foraminal height after operation of group A were significantly increased compared with the preoperative (P＜ 0.05).The anterior and posterior disc height,foraminal height of group B at 1 day,1 month,3 months after operation were no significantly different compared with the preoperative (P ＞ 0.05 ),at 6 months after operation and the end of follow-up were significantly decreased compared with the preoperative or 1 day after operation (P ＜ 0.05 ).Activity of lumbar vertebra by preoperative 9.86° ± 1.90° decreased to the end of followup 5.60° ± 2.02°in group A,while activity of lumbar vertebra by preoperative 9.89° ± 2.00°increased to the end of follow-up 10.76° ± 3.14° in group B.At the end of follow-up,lumbar back pain VAS,ODI score [ (2.02 ± 1.98 ),( 20.18 ± 18.80) scores ] of group A were significantly lower than those of group B [ (4.15 ±2.36),(30.39 ± 16.62 ) scores ],the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).No patient suffered In-Space loosening,fracture and emerge.Conclusion The operation of In-Space can maintain spinal mobility and stability as well as avoiding lumbar vertebral instability,and its short-term efficacy is satisfactory.

Objective To study the indications for extubation of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage(PTGD).Methods Between January 2009 and December 2013,PTGD were performed on 104 patients with acute cholecystitis.The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results PTGD were performed on all 104 patients successfully.In all the patients,after drainage the abdominal pain was relieved within 0.5 to 8 hours and mean time was(2.3 ± 1.9) h.The temperature decreased to normal in 1 days after drainage.The time of drainage was from 7 to 49 days,(22.4 ± 10.3) days on average.Thirteen patients'tubes were accidentally off during 3 to 12 days,5 patients were performed PTGD again,and 8 patients were given anti-infection,fluid infusion and other symptomatic treatments and all these patients were back to normal in time.Re-intubation rate was 4.8％.In 78 patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were performed 1 to 2 months after PTGD.Operation time was between 35 to 95 min and mean time was(52.7 ± 15.0) min.There were 6 patients done open operation and the conservation rate was 7.7％.A mount of blood during LC was 30 to 150 mL,(61.7 ± 31.0) mL on average.No operative deaths occurred during therapeutic session.Conclusions Patients who formed PTGD obey the indications can extubate in time and reduce retrograde infection and skin irritation,also shorten the time during hospital's,which will have a positive impact about LC.