Objective To optimize the technology conditions of ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted extraction for sanguinarine from Zanthoxylum nitidum.Methods Extraction rate of sanguinarine determined by HPLC was served as an index.The applicability of the extraction solvent added with acid and enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment to the ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted extraction of Zanthoxylum nitidum was investigated.Ultrasonic power,extraction frequency and solvent volume were optimized by orthogonal experiment.Finally,ultrasonic extraction time was optimized in dynamic process.Results The optimal process was as follows:Zanthoxylum nitidum powder was extracted 3 times by ultrasonic-wave (250 W) with 40％ ethanol (0.2％hydrochloride) as solvent (extracted for 15 rmin with 6-fold solvent at the first time,then extracted for 12 min with 3-fold solvent at the second and the third time,respectively).The extraction rate of sanguinarine was 88.6％.Conclusion The process is economic,efficient,energy-and time-saving,and provides experimental basis for industrial production of sanguinarine.

To study the effect of HBx gene on the apoptosis of the cell lines (L02, HepG2) and the interaction between HBx and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the apoptosis of pcDNA3.1-HBx transiently transfected cell lines (L02, HepG2) was detected by flow cytometry and the mRNA expression of XIAP was assayed by real-time RT-PCR. Our study showed (1) the morphology of L02/pcDNA3.1-HBx was changed and the appearance of the cells mimicked that of HepG2 cells; (2) HBx gene could be detected in L02/pcDNA3.1-HBx and HepG2/ pcDNA3.1-HBx; (3) the apoptosis rate of L02/pcDNA 3.1-HBx was higher than that of L02 cells (P<0.01) and the apoptosis rate of HepG2/pcDNA3.1-HBx was lower than that of HepG2 cells (P<0.05); (4) the XIAP expression in L02 was about 3 times that in L02/pcDNA3.1-HBx cells (P<0.01), and the expression of XIAP in HepG2/pcDNA3.1-HBx was about 4 times that in HepG2 (P<0.01). It is concluded that HBx gene may promote the apoptosis of normal hepatocytes and inhibit the apoptosis of cells of hepatic carcinoma by regulating the expression of XIAP.

To study the effect of HBx gene on the apoptosis of the cell lines (L02, HepG2) and the interaction between HBx and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the apoptosis of pcDNA3.1-HBx transiently transfected cell lines (L02, HepG2) was detected by flow cytometry and the mRNA expression of XIAP was assayed by real-time RT-PCR. Our study showed (1) the morphology of L02/pcDNA3. 1-HBx was changed and the appearance of the cells mimicked that of HepG2 cells; (2) HBx gene could be detected in L02/pcDNA3.1-HBx and HepG2/pcDNA3.1-HBx;(3) the apoptosis rate of L02/pcDNA 3.1-HBx was higher than that of L02 cells (P＜0.01) and the apoptosis rate of HepG2/pcDNA3. 1-HBx was lower than that of HepG2 cells (P＜0.05); (4) the XIAP expression in L02 was about 3 times that in L02/pcDNA3.1-HBx cells (P＜0.01), and the expression of XIAP in HepG2/pcDNA3. 1-HBx was about 4 times that in HepG2 (P＜0.01). It is concluded that HBx gene may promote the apoptosis of normal hepatocytes and inhibit the apoptosis of cells of hepatic carcinoma by regulating the expression of XIAP.

Objective:To explore the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) examination before radiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma with clinicopathological characteristics and radiotherapy efficacy.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with advanced cervical cancer who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Nanjing from September 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DWI examination. The differences in ADC values among cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients with different clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The patients were divided into the effective group (complete remission+partial remission) and the ineffective group (stable disease+progressive disease) based on the radiotherapy effect, and the differences in ADC values between the two groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the radiotherapy efficacy of patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Results:Among 80 patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 21 achieved complete remission, 31 achieved partial remission, 25 achieved stable disease, and 3 achieved progressive disease after radiotherapy; there were 52 cases in the effective group and 28 cases in the ineffective group. The ADC value of the effective group before radiotherapy was higher than that of the ineffective group [(0.99±0.14)×10 -3mm 2/s vs. (0.76±0.20)×10 -3mm 2/s], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 6.01, P < 0.001); after radiotherapy, the ADC value of the effective group was also higher than that of the ineffective group [(1.43±0.25)×10 -3mm 2/s vs. (1.11±0.23)×10 -3mm 2/s), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.61, P < 0.001); the ADC values of both the effective and ineffective groups increased after radiotherapy compared to before radiotherapy (both P < 0.05). The ADC values of patients with different International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage, degree of pathological differentiation, depth of lesion infiltration, Ki-67 expression, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥FIGO stage Ⅲ, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic vessel infiltration, distant metastasis, and low ADC value before radiotherapy were independent risk factors for efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The ADC value before radiotherapy is a factor that affects the radiotherapy effect of patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The lower the ADC value before radiotherapy is, the worse the radiotherapy effect of patients will be.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and quality of life of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and pregabalin treatment for neuropathic pain with bone metastasis. Methods 32 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases were treated with radiotherapy combined with pregabalin treatment.Then, we prospectively studied the analgesic efficacy for neuropathic pain and quality of life, used the brief pain inventory and douleur neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4) to evaluate pain at baseline, one and two months after radiotherapy, assessed pain response using the international consensus endpoint definition of bone metastasis, and used European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and bone metastasis module (QLQ-BM22) for quality of life assessment. Results One and two months after radiotherapy, the average DN4 score of neuropathic pain decreased, and the objective pain relief rates were 62.8% and 68.6%, respectively.The physical, emotional, social, and role functional scores of EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scale significantly increased in the first month after radiotherapy.Symptom scale of pain (P=0.015), insomnia (P=0.035), and loss of appetite (P=0.022) improved, and fatigue was aggravated (P < 0.05).Two months after radiotherapy, the mean overall health score and all functional scale scores significantly increased than those at baseline.The scores of all symptom scales decreased, except fatigue, constipation, and financial difficulties (P < 0.05).In addition, pain responders showed significant improvement in emotional function (P=0.025) and physical function (P=0.029) in the functional scale and in pain (P=0.014) and fatigue (P=0.035) in the symptom scale.The QLQ-BM22 score showed that the painful sites (P=0.021) and pain characteristics (P=0.04) of the responders significantly improved compared with those of nonresponders two months after radiotherapy. Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with pregabalin can relieve neuropathic pain caused by bone metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma and greatly improve the quality of life, particularly in pain responders.

Objective To explore the effect of irbesartan combined with atorvastatin on C reactive protein and cystatin C of patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods A total of 60 diabetic nephropathy patients were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional treatment.On the basis of the control group,the observation group was treated with irbesartan and atorvastatin.Effect,CRP,renal function and cystatin C level were compared between two groups.Results In the observation group,the total effective rate was 95.0％,which was significantly higher than 75.0％ of control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,the TC,MAP after treatment were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05),CRP was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,levels of Scr,UAER,CysC after treatment were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference of adverse reactions between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Irbesartan combined with atorvastatin can significantly improve the levels of CRP and CysC in patients with diabetic nephropathy,reduce inflammatory response,improve renal function damage,improve treatment effect and delay the progress of the disease.

Objective To explore the effect of irbesartan combined with atorvastatin on C reactive protein and cystatin C of patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods A total of 60 diabetic nephropathy patients were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional treatment.On the basis of the control group,the observation group was treated with irbesartan and atorvastatin.Effect,CRP,renal function and cystatin C level were compared between two groups.Results In the observation group,the total effective rate was 95.0％,which was significantly higher than 75.0％ of control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,the TC,MAP after treatment were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05),CRP was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,levels of Scr,UAER,CysC after treatment were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference of adverse reactions between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Irbesartan combined with atorvastatin can significantly improve the levels of CRP and CysC in patients with diabetic nephropathy,reduce inflammatory response,improve renal function damage,improve treatment effect and delay the progress of the disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of the intra- and extra-hepatocyte sodium ions distribution in scalded rats during early postburn stage,with the aim of improving burn shock resuscitation regime and the resuscitation effects.

METHODSAdult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham scalding (C, n = 12) and scalding (S, n = 7) groups. The rats in S group were subjected to 40% TBSA III degree scalding on the back and were catheterized via jugular vein for fluid resuscitation. The rats in C group were catheterized via jugular vein without fluid infusion and were sham scalded by warm water in temperature of 37 degrees. The changes in the intra- and extra-hepatocyte sodium ion contents were determined in vivo by (23)Na-magnetic resonance spectrum technology, while the existing state of the intra- and extra-hepatocyte sodium ion was determined by detecting (23)Na-magnetic resonance horizontal delaying time (T(2)).

RESULTSThe extra-hepatocyte sodium content in S group at 24 postburn hours (PBHs) was 17% less than that in C group. In addition, the T(2f) (fast T(2)) in S group remained stable but maintained a higher ratio during the observation time. This suggested that the sodium binding sites in extra-hepatocyte matrix increased relatively and that intra-hepatocyte sodium content increased by 57%. But the T(2) and the fast and slow parts of the T(2) kept stable, which implied that intra-hepatocyte catabolizing products were increased. This led to an increase in the sodium ion binding sites within intra-hepatocyte matrix in proportion to the sodium ion content.

CONCLUSIONDuring early postburn stage, the extra-hepatocyte sodium in a remote organ such as the liver exhibited relative deficiency due to its ingress into hepatocyte cytoplasm and to the increase of sodium combining sites.

Animals ; Binding Sites ; Burns ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; metabolism

Objective:A prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical research was conducted to explore the diagnostic value of the new optical staining technology for domestic endoscope, spectral focused imaging (SFI) and variable intelligent staining technology (VIST), for gastric precancerous lesions.Methods:Patients who intended to undergo gastroscopy between August 2020 and May 2021 were randomly divided into the white light group and the new optical staining group at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. A sequential examination method was applied (white light to new optical staining or new optical staining to white light). The endoscopic diagnostic results and the detection results of Helicobacter pylori ( HP) of the two groups were recorded. At the same time, such five variables as gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, fold enlargement, nodular gastritis and diffuse redness were evaluated for the risk of gastric cancer in the two groups. Results:A total of 419 cases were enrolled, including 208 cases in the white light group and 211 cases in the new optical staining group. Compared with pathological findings, the detection rates of gastric inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and advanced cancer lesions in the white light group were 28.9%, 40.4%, 64.9%, 17.8%, 0.5% and 0.5% respectively; while those in the new optical staining group were 30.8%, 42.7%, 62.6%, 15.2%, 2.8% and 0.5%. There were no significant differences in the detection rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with pathology, the sensitivity, the specificity, the accuracy, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for gastric mucosal atrophy in the white light group were 92.9%, 61.3%, 74.0%, 61.9% and 92.7% respectively and those in the new optical staining group (SFI mode) were 94.4%, 64.5%, 77.3%, 66.4% and 94.0% respectively. The above 5 measures for gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia were 68.1%, 72.6%, 69.7%, 82.1% and 55.2% in the white light group, and 87.1%, 89.9%, 88.2%, 93.5% and 80.7% in the new optical staining group (VIST mode), with significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). In terms of HP infection with 13C-urea breath test ( 13C-UBT) results as the gold standard, the above 5 measures were 90.2%, 84.3%, 87.4%, 86.8% and 88.2% in the white light group and 92.6%, 77.1%, 85.4%, 82.2% and 90.1% in the new optical staining group respectively. The proportion of high-risk gastric lesions in the new optical staining group was higher in cases of a gastric cancer risk score≥ 4 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The new optical staining technology of domestic endoscopy has higher diagnostic value for gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia. Gastroscopy is helpful for the detection of precancerous lesions with gastric cancer risk score as a tool. The new optical staining technology of domestic endoscopy is similar to imported endoscopy in diagnosing gastric precancerous lesions and HP infection, which is an effective means to detect gastric mucosal precancerous lesions.

For the wounds caused by burns and other various reasons, the key of therapy is to close the open wounds in time by surgical operation. One of the most important methods is autologous skin grafting. However, for large area and long-term chronic trauma, the lack of autologous skin makes the treatment a huge challenge. For this reason, clinical medical workers have gradually developed miniature free skin grafting through continuous research. This paper reviews the relevant skin grafting techniques, including pinch free skin grafting, stamp free skin grafting, meek grafting, microne free skin grafting, etc.