Objective:To investigate the correlation of systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to select 152 patients with stage 5 CKD who received treatment in the Department of Nephrology, Hefei First People's Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 as research subjects. Based on the patients' intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, they were divided into three groups: low iPTH group ( n = 63), normal iPTH group ( n = 46), and high iPTH group ( n = 43). The differences in SII and MLR among the three groups were analyzed. The relationship between SII and the occurrence of high iPTH was analyzed to assess the predictive efficacy of SII for high iPTH. Results:Among the 152 patients with stage 5 CKD, the low iPTH group accounted for 41.45% (63/152), the normal iPTH group for 30.26% (46/152), and the high iPTH group for 28.29% (43/152). The prevalence of hypertension in each group was as follows: 85.71% (54/63) in the low iPTH group, 89.13% (41/46) in the normal iPTH group, and 60.77% (30/43) in the high iPTH group ( χ2 = 6.60, P = 0.037). Other parameters showed significant differences among the groups: neutrophil count was 3.60 (2.94, 4.79) × 10 9/L in the low iPTH group, 4.08 (3.16, 4.88) × 10 9/L in the normal iPTH group, and 5.21 (4.08, 6.75) ×10 9/L in the high iPTH group ( Z = 25.64, P < 0.001); lymphocyte count was 1.51 (1.13, 1.85) × 10 9/L, 1.18 (1.00, 1.68) × 10 9/L, and 1.10 (0.75, 1.66) × 10 9/L, respectively ( Z = 8.25, P = 0.016); monocyte count was 0.47 (0.36, 0.62) × 10 9/L, 0.53 (0.42, 0.70) × 10 9/L, and 0.43 (0.33, 0.54) × 10 9/L, respectively ( Z = 8.15, P = 0.017); serum albumin levels were (37.26 ± 5.77) g/L, (36.31 ± 5.68) g/L, and (41.53 ± 4.90) g/L, respectively ( t = 10.85, P < 0.001); creatinine levels were 214.00 (148.00, 343.00) μmol/L, 462.00 (338.50, 682.25) μmol/L, and 835.50 (702.50, 960.75) μmol/L, respectively ( Z = 74.65, P < 0.001); serum calcium levels were 2.19 (2.11, 2.28) mmol/L, 2.16 (2.04, 2.26) mmol/L, and 2.32 (2.10, 2.49) mmol/L, respectively ( Z = 11.77, P = 0.003); serum phosphate levels were 1.21 (1.04, 1.49) mmol/L, 1.47 (1.27, 1.83) mmol/L, and 1.99 (1.65, 2.49) mmol/L, respectively ( Z = 48.72, P < 0.001); SII values were 362.75 (292.68, 639.92), 491.03 (380.12, 715.77), and 851.50 (525.23, 1 149.72), respectively ( Z = 33.02, P < 0.001); and MLR values were 0.30 (0.24, 0.43), 0.43 (0.30, 0.52), and 0.35 (0.28, 0.61), respectively ( Z = 9.02, P = 0.011). All differences among the three groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding age, gender, height, body mass index, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, prevalence of diabetes, platelet count, serum total protein, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated SII ( OR = 1.003, P = 0.024) was an independent risk factor for increased serum iPTH ( P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve for SII predicting high iPTH in patients with stage 5 CKD was 0.774 ( P < 0.001). Conclusions:In patients with stage 5 CKD, elevated creatinine, serum calcium, and SII are independent risk factors for increased serum iPTH, and SII has predictive value for the occurrence of high iPTH in patients with CKD.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors associated with intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:This study used a cross-sectional design and included 150 adult patients who underwent MHD at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2023 to March 2024. Relevant clinical data were collected to analyze the occurrence of IDH in patients undergoing MHD over 3 months, and the associated risk factors.Results:Among the 150 patients undergoing MHD, there were 67 in the IDH group and 83 in the non-IDH group. The IDH group had a higher fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) [89.41 (73.30, 114.50) vs. 76.56 (65.80, 89.60), χ2 = -3.55, P < 0.001], an older age [(68.46 ± 14.10) years vs. (61.30 ± 12.23) years, t = -3.33, P = 0.001], a longer dialysis duration [(4 (3.5, 4.0) hours vs. (4 (4.0, 4.0) hours), U = -2.11, P = 0.044], a greater ultrafiltration volume [(2.20 ± 0.74) L vs. (1.92 ± 0.82) L, t = -2.16, P = 0.032], a higher ultrafiltration rate [(8.90 ± 2.64) mL·h?1·kg?1 vs. (7.75 ± 2.91) mL·h?1·kg?1, t = -2.51, P = 0.013], and a higher ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass ratio [(33.75 ± 9.76) mL/kg vs. (30.21 ± 11.39) mL/kg, t = -2.11, P = 0.046] compared with the non-IDH group. In the IDH group, the proportion of patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis was lower (19.4% vs. 37.3%, χ2 = 5.76, P = 0.016), fibrinogen levels were higher [(3.63 (3.15, 4.50) μg/L vs. (3.34 (2.90, 3.74) μg/L, U = -2.61, P = 0.009], albumin levels were lower [(41.26 ± 4.03) g/L vs. (43.42 ± 4.29) g/L, t = 3.15, P = 0.002], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower [0.90 (0.77, 1.09) mmol/L vs. 1.05 (0.84, 1.34) mmol/L, U = -2.77, P = 0.006], and C-reactive protein levels were higher [5.92 (2.79, 9.61) mg/L vs. 2.70 (0.99, 6.49) mg/L, U = -2.27, P = 0.023] compared with the non-IDH group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher FAR values ( OR = 1.030, P = 0.025), a history of chronic glomerulonephritis ( OR = 10.408, P = 0.012), older age ( OR = 1.062, P = 0.043), a high ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass ratio ( OR = 1.072, P = 0.037), and low HDL-C levels ( OR = 0.046, P = 0.015) are independent risk factors for IDH. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for FAR predicting IDH was 0.699 (95% CI: 0.571-0.827, P = 0.003). The combination of age, chronic glomerulonephritis, ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass ratio, HDL-C levels, and FAR for predicting IDH resulted in a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.750-0.929, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Among the risk factors for IDH in patients undergoing MHD, FAR is independently associated with an increased risk of IDH and serves as a valuable predictor for its occurrence in these patients.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR)feature-tracking strain analysis in risk stratification of diabetic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).Methods:In this retrospective study,a total of 215 patients with diabetic HFpEF who underwent CMR at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Fuwai Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018 were included.Myocardial strain parameters were calculated using CMR feature-tracking technology.Patients were followed up by medical records or telephone calls.Composite endpoint event,all-cause death or heart failure hospitalization during follow-up were recorded.Patients were divided into event group and event-free group.Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for the outcomes in diabetic HFpEF.The effects of hypertension and obesity on the prognosis of diabetic HFpEF patients and whether they affect the prognostic value of CMR feature-tracking strain analysis were also analyzed.Results:During a follow-up of(7.1±1.8)years,93(43.3%)patients had endpoint events(event group),including 28 all-cause deaths and 65 heart failure hospitalization.Compared with the event-free group(n=122),patients in the event group had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction,higher prevalence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement,and significantly reduced global longitudinal strain(GLS),global circumferential strain,global radial strain,and global systolic longitudinal strain rate(all P<0.05).The absolute GLS value was significantly lower in event group than in event-free group,regardless of the presence of hypertension and obesity.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that estimated glomerular filtration rate(HR=0.983,95%CI:0.972-0.993,P=0.001),left atrial volume index(HR=1.015,95%CI:1.005-1.026,P=0.004),and GLS(HR=1.142,95%CI:1.060-1.231,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic HFpEF patients.However,adjusted N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was not an independent prognostic factor.The cut-offvalue of GLS to predict outcome was-14.09%from ROC curve analysis.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that in patients with and without hypertension and obesity,patients with the GLS>-14.09%had lower event-free survival compared to patients with GLS≤-14.09%(all P<0.05),and the ability of GLS to predict adverse outcomes was not affected by hypertension and obesity.Conclusions:GLS obtained by CMR feature-tracking strain analysis is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in diabetic HFpEF,and its ability to predict adverse outcomes is independent of hypertension and obesity.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR)feature-tracking strain analysis in risk stratification of diabetic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).Methods:In this retrospective study,a total of 215 patients with diabetic HFpEF who underwent CMR at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Fuwai Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018 were included.Myocardial strain parameters were calculated using CMR feature-tracking technology.Patients were followed up by medical records or telephone calls.Composite endpoint event,all-cause death or heart failure hospitalization during follow-up were recorded.Patients were divided into event group and event-free group.Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for the outcomes in diabetic HFpEF.The effects of hypertension and obesity on the prognosis of diabetic HFpEF patients and whether they affect the prognostic value of CMR feature-tracking strain analysis were also analyzed.Results:During a follow-up of(7.1±1.8)years,93(43.3%)patients had endpoint events(event group),including 28 all-cause deaths and 65 heart failure hospitalization.Compared with the event-free group(n=122),patients in the event group had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction,higher prevalence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement,and significantly reduced global longitudinal strain(GLS),global circumferential strain,global radial strain,and global systolic longitudinal strain rate(all P<0.05).The absolute GLS value was significantly lower in event group than in event-free group,regardless of the presence of hypertension and obesity.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that estimated glomerular filtration rate(HR=0.983,95%CI:0.972-0.993,P=0.001),left atrial volume index(HR=1.015,95%CI:1.005-1.026,P=0.004),and GLS(HR=1.142,95%CI:1.060-1.231,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic HFpEF patients.However,adjusted N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was not an independent prognostic factor.The cut-offvalue of GLS to predict outcome was-14.09%from ROC curve analysis.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that in patients with and without hypertension and obesity,patients with the GLS>-14.09%had lower event-free survival compared to patients with GLS≤-14.09%(all P<0.05),and the ability of GLS to predict adverse outcomes was not affected by hypertension and obesity.Conclusions:GLS obtained by CMR feature-tracking strain analysis is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in diabetic HFpEF,and its ability to predict adverse outcomes is independent of hypertension and obesity.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to select 152 patients with stage 5 CKD who received treatment in the Department of Nephrology, Hefei First People's Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 as research subjects. Based on the patients' intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, they were divided into three groups: low iPTH group ( n = 63), normal iPTH group ( n = 46), and high iPTH group ( n = 43). The differences in SII and MLR among the three groups were analyzed. The relationship between SII and the occurrence of high iPTH was analyzed to assess the predictive efficacy of SII for high iPTH. Results:Among the 152 patients with stage 5 CKD, the low iPTH group accounted for 41.45% (63/152), the normal iPTH group for 30.26% (46/152), and the high iPTH group for 28.29% (43/152). The prevalence of hypertension in each group was as follows: 85.71% (54/63) in the low iPTH group, 89.13% (41/46) in the normal iPTH group, and 60.77% (30/43) in the high iPTH group ( χ2 = 6.60, P = 0.037). Other parameters showed significant differences among the groups: neutrophil count was 3.60 (2.94, 4.79) × 10 9/L in the low iPTH group, 4.08 (3.16, 4.88) × 10 9/L in the normal iPTH group, and 5.21 (4.08, 6.75) ×10 9/L in the high iPTH group ( Z = 25.64, P < 0.001); lymphocyte count was 1.51 (1.13, 1.85) × 10 9/L, 1.18 (1.00, 1.68) × 10 9/L, and 1.10 (0.75, 1.66) × 10 9/L, respectively ( Z = 8.25, P = 0.016); monocyte count was 0.47 (0.36, 0.62) × 10 9/L, 0.53 (0.42, 0.70) × 10 9/L, and 0.43 (0.33, 0.54) × 10 9/L, respectively ( Z = 8.15, P = 0.017); serum albumin levels were (37.26 ± 5.77) g/L, (36.31 ± 5.68) g/L, and (41.53 ± 4.90) g/L, respectively ( t = 10.85, P < 0.001); creatinine levels were 214.00 (148.00, 343.00) μmol/L, 462.00 (338.50, 682.25) μmol/L, and 835.50 (702.50, 960.75) μmol/L, respectively ( Z = 74.65, P < 0.001); serum calcium levels were 2.19 (2.11, 2.28) mmol/L, 2.16 (2.04, 2.26) mmol/L, and 2.32 (2.10, 2.49) mmol/L, respectively ( Z = 11.77, P = 0.003); serum phosphate levels were 1.21 (1.04, 1.49) mmol/L, 1.47 (1.27, 1.83) mmol/L, and 1.99 (1.65, 2.49) mmol/L, respectively ( Z = 48.72, P < 0.001); SII values were 362.75 (292.68, 639.92), 491.03 (380.12, 715.77), and 851.50 (525.23, 1 149.72), respectively ( Z = 33.02, P < 0.001); and MLR values were 0.30 (0.24, 0.43), 0.43 (0.30, 0.52), and 0.35 (0.28, 0.61), respectively ( Z = 9.02, P = 0.011). All differences among the three groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding age, gender, height, body mass index, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, prevalence of diabetes, platelet count, serum total protein, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated SII ( OR = 1.003, P = 0.024) was an independent risk factor for increased serum iPTH ( P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve for SII predicting high iPTH in patients with stage 5 CKD was 0.774 ( P < 0.001). Conclusions:In patients with stage 5 CKD, elevated creatinine, serum calcium, and SII are independent risk factors for increased serum iPTH, and SII has predictive value for the occurrence of high iPTH in patients with CKD.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors associated with intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:This study used a cross-sectional design and included 150 adult patients who underwent MHD at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2023 to March 2024. Relevant clinical data were collected to analyze the occurrence of IDH in patients undergoing MHD over 3 months, and the associated risk factors.Results:Among the 150 patients undergoing MHD, there were 67 in the IDH group and 83 in the non-IDH group. The IDH group had a higher fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) [89.41 (73.30, 114.50) vs. 76.56 (65.80, 89.60), χ2 = -3.55, P < 0.001], an older age [(68.46 ± 14.10) years vs. (61.30 ± 12.23) years, t = -3.33, P = 0.001], a longer dialysis duration [(4 (3.5, 4.0) hours vs. (4 (4.0, 4.0) hours), U = -2.11, P = 0.044], a greater ultrafiltration volume [(2.20 ± 0.74) L vs. (1.92 ± 0.82) L, t = -2.16, P = 0.032], a higher ultrafiltration rate [(8.90 ± 2.64) mL·h?1·kg?1 vs. (7.75 ± 2.91) mL·h?1·kg?1, t = -2.51, P = 0.013], and a higher ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass ratio [(33.75 ± 9.76) mL/kg vs. (30.21 ± 11.39) mL/kg, t = -2.11, P = 0.046] compared with the non-IDH group. In the IDH group, the proportion of patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis was lower (19.4% vs. 37.3%, χ2 = 5.76, P = 0.016), fibrinogen levels were higher [(3.63 (3.15, 4.50) μg/L vs. (3.34 (2.90, 3.74) μg/L, U = -2.61, P = 0.009], albumin levels were lower [(41.26 ± 4.03) g/L vs. (43.42 ± 4.29) g/L, t = 3.15, P = 0.002], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower [0.90 (0.77, 1.09) mmol/L vs. 1.05 (0.84, 1.34) mmol/L, U = -2.77, P = 0.006], and C-reactive protein levels were higher [5.92 (2.79, 9.61) mg/L vs. 2.70 (0.99, 6.49) mg/L, U = -2.27, P = 0.023] compared with the non-IDH group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher FAR values ( OR = 1.030, P = 0.025), a history of chronic glomerulonephritis ( OR = 10.408, P = 0.012), older age ( OR = 1.062, P = 0.043), a high ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass ratio ( OR = 1.072, P = 0.037), and low HDL-C levels ( OR = 0.046, P = 0.015) are independent risk factors for IDH. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for FAR predicting IDH was 0.699 (95% CI: 0.571-0.827, P = 0.003). The combination of age, chronic glomerulonephritis, ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass ratio, HDL-C levels, and FAR for predicting IDH resulted in a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.750-0.929, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Among the risk factors for IDH in patients undergoing MHD, FAR is independently associated with an increased risk of IDH and serves as a valuable predictor for its occurrence in these patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between protein-energy wasting (PEW) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll 150 adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2022 to May 2023. These patients were categorized into four groups based on their PTH levels: low PTH group (< 150 ng/L), standard PTH group (150-300 ng/L), very high PTH group (300-600 ng/L), and extreme high PTH group (> 600 ng/L). The diagnosis of PEW was determined using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between PEW and PTH levels.Results:Among the 150 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, 52 (34.7%) were diagnosed with PEW. The prevalence of PEW was significantly higher in the low PTH group compared with the standard, very high, and extreme high PTH groups ( χ2 = 20.64, all P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a strong association between low PTH levels ( OR = 13.810, 95% CI: 2.907-65.603, P = 0.001) and an increased risk of PEW. The risk of PEW in the low PTH group was 13.810 times higher than that in the extreme high PTH group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that low PTH levels ( OR = 19.891, 95% CI: 1.810-218.620, P = 0.014) and low C-reactive protein levels ( OR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.015-1.099, P = 0.007) were independently associated with an increased risk of PEW. Higher hemoglobin levels ( OR = 0.959, 95% CI: 0.931-0.988, P = 0.005) and a larger middle upper arm circumference ( OR = 0.544, 95% CI: 0.338-0.875, P = 0.012) were independently associated with a reduced risk of PEW. The risk of PEW in the low PTH group was 19.891 times higher than that in the extreme high PTH group. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of PEW in the standard and very high PTH groups compared with the extreme high PTH group (both P > 0.05). Conclusion:The risk of PEW is markedly elevated in patients with low PTH levels, emphasizing the importance of clinical attention to the prevention and treatment of low PTH levels. Addressing this issue may hold great value in reducing the risk of PEW.

Objectives:To analyze the consistency of evaluating left ventricular hemodynamics (HDF) based on single plane and multi plane cine sequences of magnetic resonance mitral valve orifice.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 48 healthy adults, and two methods were used to measure the mitral valve diameter and calculate HDF parameters. The first method was to measure the diameter of the mitral valve opening in the left ventricular three chamber cine sequence; The second method is to measure the mitral valve diameter using cine sequences of two chamber, three chamber, and four chamber hearts, and then take the average value. Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in HDF measured by two methods, and Pearson correlation coefficient ( r), intra group correlation coefficient ( ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis were used to test the consistency and reproducibility of the two methods. Results:The root mean square (RMS) of longitudinal HDF calculated using single plane and multi plane mitral valve diameters were [(17.28±4.41)% vs (17.21±4.61)%] ( P=0.379) for the entire cardiac cycle, [(21.45±5.54)% vs (21.49±5.68)%] ( P=0.646) for systolic phase, and [(12.78±4.10)% vs (12.54±4.24)%] ( P=0.106) for diastolic phase, respectively. The difference in the calculation results of HDF parameters related to ventricular function was not statistically significant (all P>0.05), and there was good consistency ( r=0.924-0.996, ICC=0.924-0.995). The two HDF parameters related to atrial function were sensitive to the measurement method of mitral valve orifice diameter [RMS of longitudinal HDF during active atrial emptying: (3.26±1.51)% vs (3.32±1.55)%, P=0.006; longitudinal HDF pulse during active atrial emptying: (-2.60±1.28)% vs (-2.76±1.30)%, P<0.001]. Conclusions:The ventricular function related HDF parameters obtained from the analysis of mitral valve orifice diameter using single plane and multi plane methods have good consistency, and can be evaluated using relatively simple single plane methods for left ventricular HDF.

Objective To summarize the research status and hotspots of Wumei Pills;To provide ideas and methods for the follow-up research of Wumei Pills.Methods Related literature about Wumei Pills was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from the establishment of the databases to January 12,2023.The publication time,author,author unit and keywords were collected and extracted through NoteExpress 3.0 software to manage bibliographic data.VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was used to conduct co-occurrence and clustering analysis,and construct keyword time superposition network.Results After screening,a total of 2 105 articles were included,involving 3 554 authors,such as Yan Shuguang,Fan Heng,and Hui Yi.They were from 1 135 units,such as Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.The included articles contained 2 565 keywords,which appeared 7 061 times,and the research involved 4 main directions:digestive system diseases(ulcerative colitis),study on TCM classics(Shang Han Za Bing Lun),medical cases and experience,and biliary ascariasis.The hotspots of Wumei Pills were scattered in recent years.Six meridian disease to appear,opening and closing pivots,intestinal microbiota,serum inflammatory factors and insomnia were research hotspots in recent 3 years.Conclusion The research of Wumei Pills mainly focus on the research of digestive system diseases,TCM classics,medical cases and experience,and biliary ascariasis.Theoretical research of TCM and mechanism research possibly become new hotspots of this field.

Objective:To deeply understand the inner experiences of undergraduate nursing interns using Nursing Information Systems (NIS) and provide references for formulating relevant intervention strategies.Methods:A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted for this qualitative study. Purposeful sampling was used to select undergraduate nursing interns from four comprehensive hospitals in Hangzhou during February to May 2023 for semi-structured interviews. The interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method to extract themes.Results:Four themes were identified in this study: insufficient preparedness of undergraduate nursing interns in using NIS, low engagement of undergraduate nursing interns in using NIS, perceived benefits of using NIS by undergraduate nursing interns, and adaptation strategies of undergraduate nursing interns using NIS.Conclusions:There are issues such as insufficient preparedness and low engagement among undergraduate nursing interns in using NIS. Some respondents experience emotions such as anxiety, fatigue, and decreased enthusiasm. It is recommended that colleges and internship hospitals pay attention to the clinical work demands and the learning needs of nursing interns, thus providing education and support for the use of NIS.