Objective To formulate paclitaxel loaded polymer nanoparticle and evaluate it's application in treatment of bladder.Methods Paclitaxel loaded Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated with microemulsion method,Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) was used as surfactant.Transferrin (Tf) was used to modify the nanoparticles.The size,Z-potential,drug loading,drug release,cytotoxicity of bland nanoparticles and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles on bladder cancer cell line J-82 were measured.Results The size of nanoparticles was about 200 nm,Z-potential was-24 mV,drug loading was about 6.5％ (w/w),cumulative drug release showed two phase curve.The size of Tf modified nanoparticles was a little bigger than no modified nanoparticles.The Z-potential,drug loading,drug release was similar.Two kinds of blank nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity on bladder cancer cell line J-82.However,both paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles had significantly higher cytotoxicity on J-82 compared to paclitaxel solution.Conclusions PLGA nanoparticle is a promising drug delivery vehicle,which could significantly improve the anticancer effect of paclitaxel on bladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pregnancy and delivery on allograft function and newborns in renal transplant recipients.Methods The effects of pregnancy and delivery on allograft function and newborns in 3 renal transplant recipients were observed and analyzed.The age of the 3 recipients was 32,31 and 31 years,respectively,at pregnancy.They all received triple immunosuppressive therapy(CSA+AZA+prednisone) for the prevention of acute rejection after renal transplantation.Results No acute rejection occurred during pregnancy,and the liver and renal functions were normal in the 3 patients.Preeclampsia occurred in 2 of them.Caesarean section was performed successfully on them at 34,38 and 37 gestational weeks,respectively.The weight of the neonates was 2350 g,3800 g and 3800 g,respectively;and the Apgar scores of the newborns were all 10.(Apgar scores include appearance,pulse,grimace,activity,and respiration.Apgar score ≥8 means newborns in healthy status).After follow-up for 14-46 months,there was no abnormity of the function of transplanted renal and the upgrowth of the newborns.Conclusions Successful pregnancy and delivery are possible in renal transplant recipients with normal renal function.

Objective To explore the surgical methods in the treatment of carotid aneurysms. Methods A retros-pective analysis was made on the operations and results in 21 cases with 24 carotid aneurysms. Of the 24 carotid aneurysms, 18 were true and 6 false aneurysms. Nineteen cases underwent various operations including emergency operation in 3 cases. Carotid shunting device was used in 3 cases during operation. Results 2 cases were re-operated because of the recurrence of aneurysm,and 17 cases had satisfactory outcome without complications.None died in this series in perioperative period. Conclusions For carotid aneurysms,the first choice of treatment is syrgery.Surgical treatment is relatively safe and effective.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the status quo of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in our hospital. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was applied to analyze 1 145 ADR cases reported in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Mar. 2009. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 1.52 ∶ 1. 68.91% of cases were induced by intravenous infusion and 33.62% of cases were induced by antibiotics. Organs and systems involved in ADR of cases were skin and its appendants (29.96%) and digestive system (26.81%), etc. CONCLUSION: In the clinic the indication of the use of antibiotics should be strictly controlled as well as utilization TCM preparation and solvent collocation. The intravenous infusion frequency and the category of injection also should be controlled.

Objective To compare the safety and clinical efficiency between minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in supine position and flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)in management of proximal ureteral calculi.Methods From Oct.2010 to May.2012,76 patients with single proximal ureteral calculus between 10-20 mm failed in SWL or other conservative therapy accepted MPCNL (32 cases)or FURS(44 cases).There was no significant difference between the groups in base-line parameters.Stone sizes were(15.6±2.5)mm and(14.9±2.3)mm,P＞0.05.Procedural time,post-operative hospitalization stay,complication rates(Clavien degree Ⅱ or over)and stone free rates were compared.Results In these two groups,procedural time was(49.3± 11.7)and(67.2± 17.3)min,P＜0.05,postoperative hospitalization stay were(4.2±1.1)and(1.8±0.8)days,P＜0.05,complication rates were 12.5％ and 6.8％,P＞0.05 and stone free rates(residual fragments≤3 mm)were 93.7％ and 84.1％,P＞0.05.Conclusions For patients with surgically indicated proximal ureteral calculi,both minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine position and flexible ureteroscopy are effective and safe therapeutic modalities.Patients treated with flexible ureteroscopy have faster postoperative recovery.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pregnancy and delivery after renal transplantation (RT)on recipients,graft and offspring.Methods Clinical data of 6 pregnancies in 5 recipients were retrospectively studied and literature was reviewed.Results Among them,6 pregnancies and 4 deliveries occurred in 5 female RT recipients.The mean age at pregnancy was 31.1 years,with a mean interval between RT and pregnancy being 3.6 years.Preeclampsia developed in two pregnancies and hyperlipemia in one pregnancy.One RT recipient who discontinued immunosuppressant following pregnancy on her own exhibited subsequent renal failure.She underwent a second RT and delivered a healthy baby two years following the second RT.One RT recipient decreased the immunosuppressant dose to half after the pregnancy on her own and developed renal failure thereafter.Four patients underwent a Cesarean section at 38 th,35 th,35 th,and 38 th week,respectively.The mean birth weight was 3262.5 g with all Apgar scores of 10.Conclusion Our data coupled with prior reports suggest that for the recipients with normal renal function,successful pregnancy is achievable if immunosuppressant was taken correctly,but the pregnancy is at high risk,and careful monitoring is needed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of active protein C (APC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced microglia activation.MethodsMicroglia from one day old Sprague-Dawley newborn rat was collected, purified and identified by primary culture and immunofluorescence staining, and then was randomly divided into four groups including LPS group (1.0μg/ml LPS plus 10μl phosphate buffered saline 12 h later), LPS+ APC group (1.0μg/ml LPS plus 0.1μg/ml APC 12 h later), APC group (10μl phosphate buffered saline plus 0.1μg/ml APC 12 h later) and control group (10μl phosphate buffered saline at each time point). The morphology of micaroglia in all groups was observed under microscope, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) were determined by immunofluorescence staining. One-way analysis of variance and LSD test were applied for statistical analysis.ResultsPrimary culture microglia was successful and the purity was no less than 99%. In LPS group, the microglia morphology was activated, and the expression of TNF-α was increased significantly than the control group (2.11±0.35 vs 1.38±0.28, LSD test,P=0.002). In LPS+APC group, the microglia morphological change was reversed, and the expression of TNF-α had no significant difference with the control group (1.35±0.36 vs 1.38±0.28, LSD test,P>0.05). The expression of PAR-1 in LPS+APC group was higher comparing with that in the control group (4.60±0.84 vs 2.64±0.41, LSD test,P=0.008) and the LPS group (2.44±0.86, LSD test,P=0.002). The expression of PAR-1 in APC group and LPS group had no obvious difference with control group (2.62±0.69, 2.44±0.86 vs 2.64±0.41, LSD test, bothP>0.05).ConclusionsBy increasing the level of PAR-1 in microglia, active protein C could inhibit the activation of miciroglia and the expression of TNF-α induced by lipopolysaccharide, therefore, protecting the brain tissues from inflammation-induced damage.

Objective To investigate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with depression using meta analysis. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to examine depression and interleukin-6 in Chinese patients us-ing“depression”and“interleukin-6”in Databases including PubMed, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data. A me-ta-analysis was performed to analyze correlation between depression and interleukin-6 using RevMan 5.2.8 software. Results A total of 9 studies were recruited, involving 432 depression patients and 277 healthy controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that concentration of IL-6 was higher in depression patients than in healthy controls(SMD=1.48, 95%CI:0.78~2.18,P<0.05). Subgroup analysis in the first-episode subgroup and the non first-episode subgroup showed that concentration of interleukin-6 was higher in depression patients than that in controls [the first-episode subgroup (SMD=1.94,95%CI:0.07~3.81,P<0.05), the non first-episode subgroup (SMD=1.26,95%CI:0.60~1.93,P<0.05)]. Conclusion There is a good correlation between depression and the serum IL-6 concentration. Due to the small number of studies and heterogeneity in different studies, the present meta-analysis has not yet confirmed the quantitative correla-tion between IL-6 and depression.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of arterial portography in the diagnosis an d management of prehepatic type portal hypertension(PHPHT). Met hodsBetween 2000 to 2002, all the 11 patients with PHPHT were dia gnosed by angiography and B type ultrasounography. Different operations were par formed including mesocaval shunt in 5 patients,portal-vena cava shunt in 1, splenorenal shunt in 2,and portoazygos venous disconection in 1. Two patien ts were not operated. Results Nine cases undergoing surgical operations had satisfactory outcome. Conclusions PHPHT can be correctly diagnosed by indirect portal venography which is important for the choice of operation.

Objective: To evaluate the changes of left and right ventricular function in patients after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). Methods: A total of 8 patients with successful PPVI in our hospital from 2014-05-27 to 2015-03-25 were studied. The patients received pre-operative evaluation including clinical symptoms, plasma BNP levels, ECG, chest X-ray, echocardiography, CT and MRI examinations. Post-operative follow-up study was conducted at 6 months after PPVI to compare the ventricular functional changes. Results: The average age in 8 patients was 14-42 (25.4±8.1) years including 7 with tetralogy of Fallot correction and 1 with pulmonary stenosis plasty for 24 years. Echocardiography found that 3 patients with mid to large pulmonary regurgitation and 5 with large regurgitation. Compared with pre-operation, at 6 months after PPIV, all patients had decreased right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD) as (44.0±4.8) mm vs (33.6±7.1) mm, right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) (150.1±25.7) ml/m2 vs (111.4±39.1) ml/m2, RVESVI (107.8±21.5) ml/m2 vs (80.7±22.2) ml/m2 and right ventricular cardiac output (RV-CO) (6.8±1.3) L/min vs (4.9±0.8) L/min, but right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was similar (40.5±6.2) % vs (39.5±9.9) %, P>0.05; while
increased LVEDD (42.9±4.4) mm vs (46.1±3.0) mm, P<0.05, but LVEDVI (61.8±15.0) ml/m2 vs (72.4±17.6) ml/m2, LVESVI (47.8±12.4) ml/m2 vs (41.0±10.4) ml/m2, LVEF (50.9±5.5) % vs (52.8±6.7) % and LV-CO (3.7±1.0) L/min vs (4.2±1.0) L/min were similar, allP>0.05. Conclusion: PPVI may decrease right ventricular preload, improve its reverse remodeling and maintain systolic function at normal level in relevant patients; while the impacts on left ventricular function and geometry should be further studied.