Objective To evaluate the relationship of myocardial MR contrast delay-enhancement and nuclear perfusion-metabolism pattern in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).Methods Forty-two consecutive patients (29 men and 13 women,age:(53 ±12) years) diagnosed clinically with IDCM were enrolled.All patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT,18F-FDG PET imaging and MR contrast delay-enhancement imaging within 3-7 d.The myocardial perfusion-metabolism segment analysis was performed using a 17-segment model.Segmental 99Tcm-MIBI and 18F-FDG uptakes were scored visually using a 4-grade scoring system (0 =normal uptake,1 =mildly reduced uptake,2 =moderately reduced uptake,3 =severely reduced uptake).Patterns of perfusiorn/metabolism were classified as normal,mismatch,mild-to-moderate match and severe match.Myocardial MR contrast delay-enhancement was classified into 3 categories (non,mid-wall and transmural delay-enhancement).x2 test was used to analyze the differences of perfusion/metabolism patterns among non,mid-wall and transmural delay-enhancement groups and the myocardial MR contrast delay-enhancement incidence among four perfusion/metabolism groups.Resuits Among the 42 patients,myocardial delay-enhancement was present in 18 patients,of which 94.4％ (17/18) showed abnormal myocardial perfusion/metabolism patterns and only 33.3 ％ (8/24) patients without abnormal myocardial delay-enhancement had abnormal myocardial perfusion/metabolism patterns (x2 =15.944,P ＜ 0.001).Perfusion/metabolism patterns varied in three different categories of non,mid-wall and transmural delay-enhancement (x2 =14.276,P ＜ 0.001).The normal peffusion/metabolism pattern proportions in the non,mid-wall and transmural delay-enhancement groups were 86.2％ (526/610),71.0％ (44/62) and 28.6％ (12/42),respectively.The incidence of transmural delay-enhancement (44.4％ (12/27)) was significantly higher in segments with severe match than that in the other 3 groups (normal:2.1％ (12/582) ; mismatch:18.1％ (15/83) ; mild-to-moderate match:13.6％ (3/22) ; x2 =112.530,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions MR contrast delay-enhancement is much more sensitive in detecting moderate fibrosis,while nuclear perfusion-metabolism imaging can detect more impaired but viable myocardium.Combining the two imaging modalities is useful for providing comprehensive evaluations of myocardial injury in patients with IDCM.

The interaction between water-soluble CdS and gelatin 5n aqueous solution was explored using fluorescence,infrared (IR)and UV-Vis spectra at pH 12.0 and different temperatures.Results show that the formed complex had a strong ability to quench the fluorescence launched from gelatin.The fluorescence quenching data were analvzed according to Lineweave-Burk double-reciprocal equation and the gelatin had reacted with CdS to form a complex.This kind of static fluorescence quenching goes with non-radiation energy transfer happening within single molecule According to Lineweave-Burk equation,K(285 K:1.07×10~4 L/mol;292 K:9 69×10~3 L/mol;299 K:8.06×10~3 L/mol),the formation constants of the compound at different temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters(△H=-14.18 kJ/mol;△G=-21.98/-22.28/-22.36 kJ/mol;△S=27.36/27.74/27.36 J/K·mol) at certain temperatures were obtained,indicating that the binding force between them is mainly the static in nature.The binding locality was an area of 4.09 nm away from tryptophan residue in gelatin based on F(o)rster's non-radiation energy transfer mechanism.The results provide information for exploring the chemical mechanism of interaction between nanoparticle and this kind of biological macromolecule.

Objective To determinate the risk factors of gout in patients with hyperuricemia.Methods Patients detected with hyperuricemia both in epidemiological survey of Shandong coastal areas in 2004 and in health examination of our hospital were followed up for three years to observe the incidence of gout, relationship of diet and gout, and changes of biochemical indicators.Results During 3 years, 102 patients (19%) out of 536 patients with hyperuricemia developed gout. Age(OR=1.046, P＜0.05), serum uric acid(OR=1.021, P＜0.05), fasting plasma glucose(OR=1.021, P＜0.05), triglyceride(OR=1.008, P＜0.05), tony crab intake ( OR=5.992, P＜0.05),and beer intake(OR=1.012, P＜0.05) were the risk factors of gout attack in patients with hyperuricemia.Conclusions Excess intake of tony crab and beer resulting in fluctuation of serum uric acid is the main risk factor of gout in patients with hyperuricemia. Correcting metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid, reducing the intake of high-purine food, and controlling the level of serum uric acid are the measures to reduce gout attack.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between right ventricular (RV) glucose metabolism by18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and right heart function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
Methods: The18F-FDG PET imaging was performed in 34 consecutive DCM patients, with the reference of Herrero method, the corrected RV standard uptake value (cRVSUV), corrected left ventricular standard uptake value (cLVSUV) and the ratio of RV to LV SUV (cR/L) were obtained. And all 34 patients received cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) examination within 7 days, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and RVEF were automatically calculated with Simpson’s principle. The pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was measured by echocardiography.
Results: The corrected cRVSUV and cR/L by18F-FDG PET were negatively related to RVEF by cMRI, (r=-0.513, P<0.01) and (r=-0.463,P<0.01) respectively, and meanwhile, the corrected cRVSUV and cR/L were also negatively related to LVEF, (r=-0.387,P<0.01 andr=-0.362,P<0.01) respectively.
Conclusion: Increased RV glucose metabolism closely related to RV dysfunction, the18F-FDG uptake value by PET might be used as an index for assessing the right heart function and prognosis in DCM patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between hypothyroidism and myocardial injury in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) by 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/18 F-FDG PET and late-gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI-LGE).Methods Sixty-three consecutive patients (42 males and 21 females,(52±11) years) with IDC were enrolled from October 2010 to December 2012.Serum TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4 and TSH were determined using a fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay.All patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT/18F-FDG myocardial metabolism PET imaging and cMRI-LGE.Seventeen segments model was used for segmental analysis.Patterns of perfusion/metabolism were classified as normal,mismatch,mild-to-moderate match and complete match.cMRI-LGE was classified into 3 categories (non-LGE,mid-wall LGE and transmural LGE).x2 test was used for data analysis.Results All patients were divided into euthyroid group (n =53) and hypothyroidism group (n =10) according to the levels of serum thyroid hormones.The percentage of normal perfusion/metabolism segments in the euthyroid group was apparently higher than that in the hypothyroidism group:71.8％ (647/901) vs 57.6％ (98/170),x2 =13.50,P＜0.001 ; whereas the percentage of perfusion/metabolism mismatch segments in the euthyroid group was significantly lower than that in the hypothyroidism group:17.8％ (160/901) vs 31.2％ (53/170),x2=16.20,P＜0.001.The euthyroid group had a higher percentage of non-LGE segments (88.0％ (793/901) vs 69.4％ (118/170),x2 =35.70,P＜0.001) and a lower percentage of mid-wall LGE segments (4.8 ％ (43/901) vs 24.1％ (41 / 170),x2 =74.70,P＜ 0.001) compared to hypothyroidism group.Conclusions Hypothyroidism has a detrimental effect on myocardium.99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/18F-FDG PET imaging is sensitive in detecting viable/ischemia myocardium,and cMRI-LGE is good at detecting moderate fibrosis.Combining SPECT/PET imaging and cMRI-LGE for assessing myocardial injury would provide more comprehensive information.

Objective To explore the relationship between myocardial glucose metabolism in the right heart and cardiac function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).Methods From October 2010 to May 2013,64 consecutive patients (45 males,19 females; mean age:(53 ± 12) years) with IDCM were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent 18F-FDG myocardial PET imaging,late-gadolinium enhancement cardiac MRI (cMRI-LGE) and UCG.TrueD software was used to determine the SUVmax in right (SUV-R) and left (SUV-L) ventricular free wall,and the ratio of SUV-R to SUV-L (SUV-R/L) was calculated.The cMRI-LGE was used to evaluate LVEF,RVEF and LGE in left heart.Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was measured by UCG.Two-sample t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results Both SUV-R and SUV-R/L had negative correlation with LVEF (r=-0.48,-0.33; both P＜0.01) and also with RVEF (r=-0.45,-0.44; both P＜0.01).SUV-R/L positively correlated with PASP (r =0.58,P＜0.01).SUV-R/L of patients with and without LGE were statistically different (0.45±0.18 vs 0.36±0.12; t=2.50,P＜0.05).SUV-R and SUV-L of patients with LGE were 2.0±0.9 and 4.7±1.6,and those of patients without LGE were 1.7±0.9 and 5.0±2.8.Both differences of SUV-R and SUV-L between the two groups were not statistically significant (t=0.54 and 0.63,both P＞0.05).Conclusions Myocardial glucose metabolism in right heart is closely correlated with left and right ventricular function.The assessment of 18F-FDG uptake in right heart by PET imaging is potentially useful for evaluation of the severity and prognosis in IDCM patients.

Objectives To discuss the characteristics of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) and its related prognostic value. Methods Thirty HCM patients with LVAA were collected from August 2004 to August 2013. All cases with coronary artery diseases were ruled out, and all patients underwent LGE derived by cardiac MR (CMR). Five cases of LVAA were pathological confirmed. Atrial and ventricular diameters, apical aneurysm diameters and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured, and apical aneurysm LGE was evaluated. All patients were then followed up. Comparisons in continuous parameters between patients with or without LGE were performed by independent t test. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard rate for adverse cardiovascular events. Results LGE was identified in 21 LVAAs and non-LGE in 9 LVAAs. Between two groups, there was no significant difference in the size of LVAA [(16.4 ± 11.5) mm vs. (20.3 ± 9.8) mm, P=0.63]. In particular, the complete transition from non-LGE to LGE LVAA was recorded during follow-up in one patient. Pathological findings confirmed that LGE indicated fibrous tissue in LVAA, and LVAA without LGE indicated viable myocardium. The follow-up suggested that the patterns and the size of LVAA were associated with the adverse events in these patients (LGE of LVAA, HR=7.94, P=0.064; the size of LVAA, HR=1.08, P=0.009). Conclusions LGE-MR had important clinical significance in HCM patients with LVAA. LGE in LVAA corresponded with the fibrous tissue and was associated with the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and relevant factors of overweight and obesity in adults of the Shandong coastal area in 2009,as well as to estimate the epidemiological trends by comparing with results found in 2004.Methods A random and stratified cluster sampling of adults aged 20 years or older was conducted,and 5060 inhabitants in the cities of Qingdao,Yantai,Weihai,Rizhao,and Dongying were included.Results The standardized prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity were 33.5％,16.1％,and 40.0％respectively in 2009,with respective increase of 0.6％ (P＜0.05),2.9％ (P＜0.01),and 6.8％ (P＜0.05)compared with those in 2004; the rates for male were 37.9％,17.1％,and 44.6％ respectively in 2009,with increase of 3.7％ (P＜0.01),3.7％ (P＜0.0l),and 10.2％ (P＜0.01) respectively compared with those in 2004 ;the prevalence of abdominal obesity for female was 38.6％,with an increase of 6.6％ (P＜0.01) compared with that in 2004.The prevalence of obesity increased consistently with age,reached a peak within 50-69 years old.There was a trend of developing obesity in younger,males,while obesity became more common in postmenopausal women.In contrast with the findings in 2004,the average age,body mass index,waist circumference,triglyceride,total cholesterol,uric acid,and blood glucose levels increased significantly (P＜0.01) in 2009.Logistic regression analysis showed that aging,dyslipidemia,hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperuricemia were positively related with obesity,and smoking was negatively related with it.Consumption of meat was related to male obesity,while carbohydrate consumption was related to female obesity.Conclusions A remarkable increase in the prevalence of obesity was found in 2009 compared with 2004,especially for the young and middle-aged men and postmenopausal women.Aging,hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperuricemia,dyslipidaemia,and incorrect components of diet contributed to obesity.Although smoking is a negative factor for body weight,it is not suggested.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of BRAF T1799A mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement in Qingdao and detect the expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in order to investigate the correlation between gene mutation and PDGF-B.Methods Fresh tissue from 48 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) patients was examined for BRAF mutation RET rearrangements (RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3) by PCR,followed by direct-sequence analysis.The expression of PDGF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results Among the 48 patients,14 (29.2％) were micro PTC; 18 (37.5％) had BRAF T1799A mutations and 23(47.9％) had RET/PTC rearrangement.There were 17 (35.4％) cases of RET/PTC1 and 6 (12.5％) of RET/PTC3,with no multiple rearrangements.Both BRAF T1799A mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement were present in 6 (12.5％) cases of non-micro PTC.The level of PDGF-B expression in BRAF T1799A positive was higher than that in the negative,and the level of PDGF-B expression in RET/PTC3 was higher than that in RET/PTC1 (P ＜ 0.05).The more advanced neoplasm stage was,the stranger PDGF-B expression was.Conclusions The incidence of BRAF T1799A mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement is higher in Qingdao.BRAF T1799A mutation and RET/PTC3 rearrangement in patients suggests a poorer prognosis than the negative one.The BRAF T1799A mutation and RET/PTC3 rearrangement may strengthen the expression of PDGF-B.Both variations suggest a poor prognosis.

Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout among residents aged≥20 years in Shandong coastal areas compared with the results of 2004. Methods A randomized stratified cluster sampling was conducted, and 5 191 inhabitants were investigated for prevalences of HUA and gout in Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao, and Dongying. Results (1)The level of serum uric acid had the tendency to increase in both males and females in 2009 compared with that in 2004. (2)According to the uniform population standardization, the standardized prevalence of HUA was 16.99%in 2009. The standardized rate increased by 3.72%compared to 2004, being 4.57%in males and 3.33%in females. (3) The standardized prevalence of gout was 1.36%. Compared with that in 2004, the standardized rate increased by 0.26%, decreased by 0.45%in males while increased by 0.85%in females. (4) Compared to 2004, the prevalence of HUA among males aged≤30 years was the highest, whereas aged between 50 years and 60 years was the lowest at present. (5) Currently, the prevalence of HUA among females aged≤30 years was significantly higher than that of 2004, and aged≥70 years was the highest. (6) Logistic regression analysis showed that the amount of daily intake of seafood, meat, beer, and liquor were independent risk factors of HUA and gout. Conclusions Compared to 2004, the level of serum uric acid and the prevalence of HUA and gout show a tendency to increase among younger in the population surveyed in 2009, significant in female. Dietary factors exert significant effects on the development of HUA and gout. The amount of daily intake of seafood, meat, beer, and liquor are independent risk factors of HUA and gout.