Objective To investigate the difference of serum levels of adiponectin (APN)and its gene polymorphism +276 G/T 和-11377 C/G in Yao patients with CHD and Han CHD patients and Yao normal people in Guanxi district.Methods Yao CHD patients,Han CHD patients,Yao normal people and Han normal people,each of 100 cases were included in the study.The levels of serum adiponectin of all research object were detected by ELISA and APN+276 G/T and APN-11377 C/G genotyping were conducted by using PCR-RFLP.Results The levels of adiponectin in two groups of CHD patients were significantly lower than same race normal groups,the difference were statically significant (t=10.311,8.642,all P =0.000).The adiponectin levels of two CHD groups was not statically significant difference (t = 1.792,P =0.076);②The APN+276 G/T and APN-11377 C/G of four groups conform the Hardy-Weinberg population genetic equilibrium law (all P>0.05);③The main type of all groups APN+276 G/T was the wild type.The genotype frequencies of APN+276 G/T were no significant differences in between 4 groups (all P >0.05);④The CG and GG genotype frequency of APN-11377 C/G in two CHD groups were higher than same race normal group,the difference of Yao CHD group and Yao normal group was statically significant (χ2 =8.908,P =0.012;χ2 = 17.275,P =0.000),and the difference of Yao CHD group and Han CHD group were not statically significant (χ2 = 0.363,P = 0.834).Conclusion As with Han CHD patients,serum low APN level and APN-11377 C/G loci may be risk factors of Yao CHD patients.

Liver fibrosis occurs due to damages caused by liver diseases of various etiologies and activation of hepatic stellate cells, leading to the repairing and damaging cycle by secreting a large amount of extracellular matrix and formation of fibrosis tissues in the liver. Early reversal of this process could prevent further development and progression of the disease, which may reduce incidence of the end-stage liver disease and even liver cancer. This review summarized and discussed recent advancements and mechanisms of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Notch signaling pathway, YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and autophagy in regulation of liver fibrosis and then enumerated the Traditional Chinese Medicine in reversal of liver fibrosis process and the underlying molecular mechanisms. It expects to provide novel approaches and research ideas for future control of liver fibrosis using Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and not receiving antiviral therapy.Methods:This study retrospectively included CHB patients diagnosed by liver biopsy at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2008 to December 2022. According to the HBV DNA and HBeAg status of "immune tolerance period and immune control period", these patients were divided into three groups: chronic HBV carrier group, inactive HBsAg carrier group and indeterminate group including the patients that did not meet the inclusion criteria of the above two groups. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data and ordered categorical data between two groups. Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results:A total of 284 CHB patients with normal ALT were enrolled. There were 64, 88 and 132 cases in the chronic HBV carrier group, inactive HBsAg carrier group and indeterminate group, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed that there were 182 (64.08%) cases with pathological inflammation grade (G) and/or fibrosis stage (S)≥2, 155 (54.58%) with S≥2 and 120 (42.25%) with G≥2. The proportion of patients with G and/or S≥2 in the indeterminate group [70.45% (93/132)] was higher than that in the chronic HBV carrier group [48.44% (31/64)] and inactive HBsAg carrier group [65.91% (58/88)] (both P<0.05). Patient′s age and the ratio of patients with S≥2 in the chronic HBV carrier group [33 years old, 39.06% (25/64)] were smaller than those in the inactive HBsAg carrier group [39 years old, 56.82% (50/88)] and the indeterminate group [39 years old, 60.61% (80/132)] (all P<0.05). Patients in the inactive HBsAg carrier group (19 U/L) had lower ALT levels than those in the chronic HBV carrier group (26 U/L) and the indeterminate group (23 U/L) (both P<0.05). The proportion of patients with cytoplasmic/cytoplasmic nuclear-type HBcAg was higher in patients with G and/or S≥2 than in patients with G and S<2 [73.08% (57/78) vs 32.08% (17/53), P<0.05], and the proportion of patients with cytoplasmic/cytoplasmic nuclear-type HBcAg increased gradually with age. The proportion of patients with cytoplasmic/cytoplasmic nuclear-type HBcAg was higher in patients with G and/or S≥2 than in patients with G and S<2 in the chronic HBV carrier status and indeterminate groups [93.33% (28/30) vs 43.33%(13/30), P<0.05; 59.46% (22/37) vs 12.50% (2/16); both P<0.05]. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of significant liver injury between patients≤ 30 years old and >30 years old [52.7% (39/74) vs 68.1% (143/210), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Significant liver injury occurred in 64.08% (182/284) of CHB patients with normal ALT not receiving antiviral therapy, which required the attention of clinicians. Among CHB patients with normal ALT, the expression site of HBcAg in hepatocytes was related to the occurrence of significant liver injury and could be expected to serve as an important indicator for predicting the patient′s status and the necessity of antiviral treatment. CHB patients with positive HBV DNA who were older than 30 years required antiviral treatment, and CHB patients≤30 years with normal ALT and significant hepatic tissue damage also required antiviral treatment.

India is rich of traditional medicine knowledge. Due to inadequate protection on its traditional medicine knowledge, some of them have been illegally possessed or used by other countries, resulting in huge economic and cultural losses. In order to prevent such issues from happening, the Indian government has formulated a series of policies to protect and rationally develop traditional medicine knowledge, taken up many effective measures, such as collecting and archiving traditional medical knowledge, formulating laws and policies, establishing an administrative supervision system for traditional medicine knowledge, establish a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), as well as build a traditional medical knowledge registration and invention patent system. It also establishes an investment foundation, and conducts intellectual property culture building. At present, India has formed a relatively complete protection system for traditional medicine knowledge, which has achieved good results and gained recognition. To summarize the experience of traditional medicine knowledge protection in India can provide reference for China.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of children with glycogen storage disease (GSD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for ten children with GSD who were admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University and The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2002 to January 2022, based on medical history, liver biochemistry, and liver biopsy, and population characteristics, clinical manifestations, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathological characteristics were compared and analyzed. Results All ten children had developmental retardation and a short stature, with the manifestations of abnormal liver function, mild weakness, poor appetite, yellow urine, and yellow eyes, and four children had hepatosplenomegaly. Among the ten children, six had the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia, and one had bilateral gastrocnemius hypertrophy and positive Gower sign. Two children had positive CMV IgG. Liver histopathological manifestations included diffuse enlargement of hepatocytes, light cytoplasm, and small nucleus in the middle like plant cells, with or without fibrous tissue proliferation. Conclusion Most patients with GSD have developmental retardation and abnormal aminotransferases, and liver pathological examination shows specific pathological features.