Object To study the effect of rare-earth elements La3+ on growth of hairy roots and normal roots of Rheum palmatum L and their yield of anthraquinones. Methods The biomass and an- thraquinone yield of two hairy clones DH5c, DH7a, and normal root NOR cultures of R. palmatum were evaluated statistically after various concentration of La3+ were administrated into culture medium. Results Significant differences of biomass yield and anthraquinone yield were shown among six La3+ concentrations, in which 10 mg/L showed obvious inhibitory effect for root growth and 1. 0 mg/L was the best for anthraquinone yield. In general, aloe-emodin and rhein were predominant in five anthraquinones after treated with the rare-earth element. Conclusion The growth of hairy root cultures of R. palmatum and their anthraquinone yield are greatly promoted by addition of La3+ to the medium.

Objective To investigate the biotransformation of podophyllotoxin by cell suspension culture and root culture systems of Rheum palmatum.Methods Plant tissue culture technology was employed.The products were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.Results Adding of podophyllotoxin had no obvious effects on the pH value of cell suspension culture and root culture systems of R.palmatum.In the case of present study,73.8% of podophyllotoxin was converted by cell suspension culture and 56.3% by root culture.The products were different between the two culture system.Podophyllotoxin was converted into picropodophyllin with cell suspension culture system and many other products besides epipodophyllotoxin with root culture system.Conclusion Both of cell suspension culture and root culture systems of R.palmatum are able to convert podophyllotoxin.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can induce endogenous protection mechanism, which effectively prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury following organ transplantation. Cold and warm ischemia may induce ischemia/reperfusion injury of pancreas transplantation, and apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells is one of the important reasons of pancreas graft functional defect after transplantation. Mitochondrial DNA has repair system, and its balance with mitochondrial DNA injury influences disease occurrence and outcome.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of IPC on apoptosis of transplanted pancreatic acinar cells, and the possible role of reactive oxygen (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA repair enzyme.METHODS: A total of 50 health, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operated (n = 10), donors (n = 20) and recipients (n = 20). The recipients were randomly divided into ischemia/reperfusion group (IR, n = 10) and IPC group (n = 10). The sham operated group was subjected to abdominal open and close operation. IR group and IPC group received establishment of diabetic model by streptozotocin injection. IR rats received whole pancreatic-duodenal transplantation alone. IPC rats received whole pancreatic-duodenal transplantation exposed ischemic preconditioning with 5 minutes ischemia and 5 minutes reperfusion twice. All grafts were keep with warm ischemia time 15 minutes and cold ischemia (in 4 ℃ UW preservation solution) time 180 minutes. Twelve hours after reperfusion, serum amylase, blood glucose, Caspase-3, -9 activity were detected. Pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial cross-membrane potential (Δψ) was measured by monitoring the fluorescence spectrum of rhodamine 123. Mitochondrial H2O2 generation was determined using dichlorofluorescein as a probe. 8-oxodG in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was measured with HPLC system. Release of cytochrome C, phosphorylation of Akt and mitochondrial OGG1 protein expression were determined by Western-blotting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ischemia preconditioning can relieve the pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in pancreas graft and relieve IR injury by decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress, mtDNA injury, and increasing phosphorylation of Akt and mitochondrial OGG1 expression.

This study was aimed to exploreBi-Min-Gan (BMG) granules induced immune tolerance for allergic rhinitis cases through changes of Treg cells to achieve the goal of treatment. SD rats were used as experimental animal, which were divided into the blank group, model group and BMG granules group. Allergic rhinitis rat model was established. Intragastric administration of BMG granules was given. Levels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-13 were detected with flow cytometry and ELISA assay. The results of flow cytometry showed that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg decreased after the successful establishment of the model (P<0.05); but it increased after treatment of BMG granules (P<0.05) to reach the level of the normal blank group (P>0.05). ELISA showed the concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 decreased significantly after the successful establishment of the model (P<0.0001); concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 increased significantly (P<0.0001). While, after treatment of BMG granules, concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in blood rebound but did not reach the level of the normal blank group;concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 in the blood decreased but did not reach the level of the normal blank group. It was concluded that BMG granules can upregulate the number of Treg cells in allergic rhinitis rat, increase the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1, inhibit Th2 cell activity, and reduce secretion of IL-4 and IL-13, so as to improve symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the genotypes of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Huaibei Miner's General Hospital.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration of 36 strains of P. aeruginosa to 3 aminoglycoside antibiotics was determined. AME genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Most (62.2% to 81.1%) were resistant to aminoglycosides. And 27 strain (75.0%) carried one or more types of AME genes, including ant(3″)-Ⅰ (63.9%), aac(6')-Ⅱ (58.3%), aac(6')-Ⅰ (50.0%), aac(3)-Ⅱ (38.9%) and ant(2″)-Ⅰ (36.1%). The aac(3)-Ⅰ, aac(3)-Ⅲ, aac(3)-Ⅳ, aph(3')-Ⅳ genes were not identified.Conclusions The study indicates that the P. aeruginosa isolates in Huaibei are multi-resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. The prevalence of AMEs-positive strains is high.

Objective To discuss CT,X-ray and sonographic features of atypical kidney cyst.Methods CT,X-ray and sonographic findings in 9 cases with pathologically-proved atypical kidney cyst were retrospectively analyzed.Results CT and sonography could diagnose atipical kidney cyst with a high accuracy.Of 9 cases,bloody kidney cyst 3 cases,calcified kidney cyst 2 cases,separate kidney cyst 3 cases.Renal milk of calcium kidney cyst 1 case.CT and ultrasound can display the forms and features of atypical kidney cyst.Conclusion CT and sonography are of great value for the diagnosis of atypical kidney cyst.It is difficult in differentiating the bloody kidney cyst and renal carcinoma with muddy cystic content.Ultrasound guided puncturing biopsy sould be carried out.

Objective To find new compound from gorgonian.Methods Three ceramides have been isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian Echinogorgia sp.by silica gel column chromatography.Results Their structures were established as(2S,3S,4R)-N-[2-(1,3,4-trihydroxyicosan-2-yl)]-hexadecanamide(1),(2S,3S,4R)-N-[2-(1,3,4-trihydroxyicosan-2-yl)]-heptadecanamide(2),and(2S,3S,4R)-N-[2-(1,3,4-trihydroxyicosan-2-yl]-octadecanamide(3) by spectroscopic methods and chemical conversion.Conclusion It is the first time to report the three chemical compounds from coral Echinogorgia sp.and compound 2 is a new compound.

Objective To study the effects of phytohormones and elicitors on the growth and anthraquinone production of Cassia obtusifolia hairy roots. Methods Blades and petioles of C. obtusifolia〖WTBZ〗 were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA9402 and the in vitro culture system of the hairy root was established. Results Hairy roots were induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402. The results showed that the addition of 0.5% NAA to the hairy roots increased the content of five kinds of anthraquinones by four times, and Aspergillus niger elicitor had no much effect and JA had slightly inhibitory effect on root growth, but both of them significantly promoted the anthraquinone accumulation, the anthraquinone yield increased more than two times with the treatment of 2.0 mL elicitor/50 mL medium and by 73% with the treatment of 10 ?mol/L jasmin acid (JA), respectively. JA had little inhibitory effect on the growth of fairy roots. Conclusion The fundation has been established for further oplimizing the proper cultural system for C. obtusifolia hairy roots and regulating the secondary melabolite.

Objective To study the effect of optimized media and clones on growth and anthraquinone yield in hairy root cultures of Rheum palmatum.Methods The four monoclones and four media were optimized statistically for studying the effect on the biomass accumulation and five anthraquinones yield in hairy root cultures of R.palmatum.Results Significant differences in biomass were shown among various clones and media,in which monoclone DH7a was the highest and WP medium was the best.Chrysophanol and physcion were predominant among five free anthraquinones in hairy root cultures of R.palmatum.Notable differences of total five free anthraquinones yield were observed among different clones, in which DH7a was the highest.Reciprocity analysis showed that the highest yield of five free anthraquinones is in the combinations of DH7a with B5 medium.DH5a less and DH5a the least with WP medium,DH7a and B5 medium were predominent for the yield of above five free anthraquinones with exception of DH5c which has no significant difference in four media.Conclusion The study lays the foundation for mass production of anthraquinone by hairy root culture of R.palmatum.