Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) most commonly have refractory anemia accompanied by various degrees of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. At the time of cardiac surgery, both major infections and bleeding are severe complications in patients with pancytopenia due to MDS. However, there were very few patients with MDS who had undergone open-heart surgery. We reported a case of mitral valve replacement in a patient with MDS. A 68-year-old man with valvular heart disease and MDS, with a platelet count of 1.9×10⁴/mm³, underwent successful mitral valve replacement. The mitral valve was replaced by an SJM 25 A prosthesis after resection of left atrial thrombosis using cardiopulmonary bypass. Platelets were transfused after the bypass. Perioperative hemorrhage was moderate and postoperative course was uneventful. We evaluated platelet function by Sonoclot coagulation and a platelet function analyzer. We did not need a large amount of transfusion of red blood cells and platelets, and prevented major bleeding and severe wound infections in the acute postoperative state.

A 78-year-old woman with abnormal shadows on computed tomography (CT) was given a diagnosis of right-sided aortic arch and Kommerell diverticulum (KD), accompanied by aberrant left subclavian artery. Although no symptoms were observed, the maximum diameter of the aneurysm was 63 mm, and surgical intervention was chosen because of the possibility of rupture. At first, a 4-branched blood vessel prosthesis with a side branch was anastomosed to the ascending aorta. Next, after reconstructing the cervical branches, a Conformable GORE® TAG® (W.L. Gore and Associates, 34 mm×200 mm) was inserted from the side branch and expanded in the range of Zones 0 to Th 7. Finally, ALSA coil embolization was performed. She was discharged on postoperative day 36, and at her 2-year follow-up, she was doing well, with shrinkage of Kommerell diverticulum.