OBJECTIVE:To discuss the model establishment and its standardization of medication history in China.METHODS:The model establishment and standardization of medication history in China was discussed by case study and reviewing of pertinent literatues both at home and abroad.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Medication history came into being because of the demand of pharmaceutical care,and which is the important document in the pharmaceutical services and pharmacists' intervention thus posing significant practical value.The medication history that tailored to Chinese condition will be formed and improved in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summery the characteristics and clinical guiding significance of National Formulary?The Part of Chemicals and Biological Products(2010 version).METHODS:Literatures at home and abroad were retrieved and literature review method was applied for analysis.RESULTS&CONCLUTION:National Formulary?The Part of Chemicals and Biological Products(2010 version) includes four parts,i.e.general part,special part,national appendix and index.It represents as authority,guideline and Chinese characteristics as well as cultural and distribution characteristics professionally.Comprehensive and typical National Formulary is also characterized with timeliness because it is revised regularly.It had been written scientifically and freely and serves as standard for clinical drug use to improve diagnostic and therapeutic level,safety and development of drug use.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advantage and pharmaceutical care of antiplatelet drug because antiplatelet drug has satisfactory effect on thrombotic disease and platelet disorder with rapid development and sound clinical utilization and evaluation. METHODS: Literature review method was adopted to analyze medical literatures at home and abroad. RESULTS&CONCLUSION: In the large number of clinical studies, anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug have sound efficacy. Therefore it is important to use anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug rationally and safely.

OBJECTIVE:Due to the development of pharmacy and biotechnology,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)have been regarded as the target sites in the attack against tumor cells,leading to the shift of drug treatment focus from cellular level to molecular level and enhancing curative effects of combined therapy of tumor. This paper summarized its advantages and pharmaceutical cure. METHODS:Medical literatures in recent years at home and abroad were collected and analyzed. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Large numbers of indication-based medical studies have proved that antithrombotic drugs have good efficacy,but rational use of antithrombotic drugs is very important,especially the avoidance of adverse drug reactions of antitumor drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the responsibility transformation of pharmacists and its necessity.METHODS: The process of transformation in fundamental responsibility of pharmacists were reviewed; the current situation in the development of pharmacist group was presented, and the necessity to transform the responsibility of pharmacists was analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION: It is the contemporary demand to transform the responsibility of pharmacists in China.Training of pharmacy talents and the development in the field of pharmacy, construction of information system, the development and utilization of information, scientific research, the development and utilization of new technology and method, as well as the strengthened management of drug distribution chain, and the establishment of Pharmacist Law can all help to achieve a full range of pharmaceutical care.

Objective: To understand the health literacy and healthy city satisfaction of residents in Ningbo,and to provide a basis for further development of healthy city . Methods: The permanent residents aged 15 years old and above in six urban districts of Ningbo were selected by stratified multi-stage sampling and probability-proportionate-to-size sampling method. The health literacy and healthy city satisfaction of residents were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between health literacy and healthy city satisfaction . Results: A total of 3 300 people were investigated and 3 035 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective rate of 91.97%. The scores of health literacy were 22.67±4.83 in males and 23.04±3.13 in females;the scores of healthy city satisfaction were 3.30±0.32 in males and 3.31±0.33 in females;there were no statistically significant differences in the scores above between genders（P>0.05）. The scores of health literacy were 25.65±4.14 in the residents aged 35-44 years and 20.34±3.54 in the residents aged 15-34 years;the scores of healthy city satisfaction were 3.16±0.32 in the former and 3.45±0.31 in the latter;the former scored higher in health literacy but lower in healthy city satisfaction than the latter （both P<0.05）. The scores of health literacy were 23.80±3.90 in the married residents and 18.94±3.22 in the single,divorced or widowed ones;the scores of healthy city satisfaction were 3.35±0.33 in the former and 3.22±0.32 in the latter;the former scored higher both in health literacy and healthy city satisfaction than the latter （both P<0.05）. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the higher the scores of health literacy,the higher the scores of healthy city satisfaction （β'=0.028,P<0.05） . Conclusion Improving health literacy of residents could improve their satisfaction with healthy city construction.

Objective To investigate the association between functional polymorphism IVS8-poly (T) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and prostate cancer risk.Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted including 230 prostate cancer patients and 230 agematched controls.PCR-STRP was used to analysis the IVS8-poly (T) tract in CFTR gene.Results The prevalences of the low expression allele,the IVS8-5T,in prostate cancer patients and controls were 1.52 ％ (7/460) and 5.22 ％ (24/460),respectively (x2 =12.489,P =0.002).Logistic regression analysis confirmed the 5T/7T genotype was in protective association with prostate cancer risk (OR =0.232,P =0.003,95 ％ CI0.090-0.599).Conclusion The low expression CFTR IVS8-5T allele contributes to a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Chinese Han population,and may be a protective factor against prostate cancer.

Objective: To investigate the disability status and its epidemiological characteristics in the elderly in urban and rural communities in China. Methods: The participants were from the project of Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China conducted in 2015. A total of 23 803 urban and rural residents aged over 60 years were selected through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in 6 provinces for a set of standardized questionnaire interview and physical examinations. Activities of daily living (ADL) scale was used to assess the disability status of the elderly. χ² test was used to analyze the difference in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disabilities in different elderly populations. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors for disability. Results: Taking bath had the highest impairment rate (1.7%) while eating had the lowest impairment rate (0.6%) in BADL. Making phone call had the highest impairment rate (16.6%), followed by taking bus (5.5%) and taking medicine (1.8%) in IADL. The BADL and IADL disability rates in community seniors were 2.1% and 19.1%, respectively. BADL disability rate was higher in females, the widowed, illiterate, the elderly with low body weight or obesity (P<0.05). IADL disability rate was higher in females, rural residents, the widowed, the elderly with lower educational level or lower body weight (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that risk for BADL disability increased with age and abnormal BMI, and decreased with the increase of education level. The risk factors for IADL disability included being female, age, rural residence, being widowed and low BMI. The risk for IADL disability was lower in those with higher education level and overweight or obesity. Conclusion The present study showed that the disability rate was high in the elderly in China, which was influenced by the aging and multi demographic characteristics of the elderly. It is important to strengthen the prevention of BADL and IADL disabilities and intervention in the elderly.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of obesity and its relationships to five common chronic diseases among the Chinese elderly population.Methods In 2013,The 4th Chronic Non-communicable Disease & Risk Factor Surveillance in China was conducted in 31 provinces.A multistage cluster sampling method was used at 298 National Disease Surveillance Points(DSPs).A total of 51778 adults aged 60 and over received a standardized questionnaire,physical examinations,and laboratory tests for blood lipid & glucose levels.The body mass index(BMI)was used for obesity measurement and waist circumference(WC)for central obesity measurement.After weighting adjustment of the sample,the prevalence of obesity and central obesity was compared between different genders,among different age groups,and among different regions.The unconditional Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the relationships of five selected chronic diseases with BMI and WC.Population attributable fractions (AFP)were also calculated.Results Among the elderly,the prevalence of obesity and central obesity was 13.2 ％ and 55.4 ％,respectively.Both were higher in women(16.3％ and 64.4％)than in men(9.9％ and 46.0％)and higher in the urban areas (15.6％ and 62.0％) than in the rural areas (12.0％ and 52.1％) (all P ＜ 0.05).The increased prevalence of five common chronic diseases was correlated with increased BMI and WC(all P＜0.05).After adjustment for confounders,obesity was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and stroke (ORs:1.43-2.68,AFP s:0.05-0.18);central obesity was associated with increased prevalence of the five chronic diseases (ORs:1.35-1.88,AFPs:0.16-0.33)Conclusions High prevalence of obesity and central obesity can be seen in aged women and the urban elderly population.Obesity and central obesity are both related to hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and stroke.Besides,central obesity is also associated with myocardial infarction.

Background: and PurposeHyperekplexia (HPX), a rare neurogenetic disorder, is classically characterized by neonatal hypertonia, exaggerated startle response provoked by the sudden external stimuli and followed by a shortly general stiffness. Glycine receptor alpha 1 (GLRA1) is the major pathogenic gene of the disease. We described the clinical manifestations of genetically confirmed HPX patients and made a literature review of GLRA1-related HPX to improve the early recognition and prompt the management of the disorder. Methods: Extensive clinical evaluations were analyzed in 4 Chinese HPX patients from two unrelated families. Next generation sequencing was conducted in the probands. Sanger sequence and segregation analysis were applied to confirm the findings. Results: All four patients including 3 males and 1 female presented with excessive startle reflex, a cautious gait and recurrent falls. Moreover, startle episodes were dramatically improved with the treatment of clonazepam in all cases. Exome sequencing revealed 2 homozygous GLRA1 mutations in the patients. The mutation c.1286T>A p.I429N has been previously reported, while c.754delC p.L252* is novel. Conclusions HPX is a treatable disease, and clonazepam is the drug of choice. By studying and reviewing the disorder, we summarized the phenotype, expanded the genotype spectrum, and discussed the possible pathogenic mechanisms to enhance the understanding and recognition of the disease. Early awareness of the disease is crucial to the prompt and proper administration, as well as the genetic counseling.