Objective To introduce two modified surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and explore their clinical efficacies. Methods The clinical data of 100 CSDH patients, admitted to our hospital from March 2012 to February 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. Hematoma evacuation plus T-tube drainage was performed in 43 patients and minimally invasive microsurgery in 57 patients. Follow up of treatment efficacies was performed. Results During surgery, hematoma drainage of 5 patients (5%) was poor and the removal of hematoma was expanded. The clinical symptoms and signs of all of the patients improved after operation. Postoperative 24 h CT indicated that the ipsilateral subdural subdural effusion was found in 36 patients (36%), a small amount of ipsilateral subdural air was found in 13 patients (13% ), and a small amount of residual hematoma was found in 6 patients (6%). Follow up for 3-6 months indicated that subdural subdural effusion, subdural air and residual hematoma were absorbed completely; no hematoma recurrence, intracranial infection, scalp incision infection or death were noted; contralateral chronic subdural hematoma was found in one patient (1%), and hematoma was absorbed after conservative treatment. Clinical symptoms and signs of all patients were significantly improved and disappeared. Conclusion The minimally invasive double-hole hemodilution assisted with T-tube wall-draining or minimally invasive hematoma evacuation can effectively treat CSDH, and the postoperative complications are few;the above two surgical methods are worthy of clinical use, especially application and popularization of primary hospital.

Objective To study the effect of SNORD47 over-expression on proliferation and invasion of U87-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vⅢ glioma cells. Methods U87-EGFRvⅢ glioma cells at logarithmic phase were assigned into lenti-SNORD47 group, lenti-NC group and blank control group. The recombinant lentiviruses containing lenti-SNORD47 or lenti-NC were transfected into U87-EGFRvⅢ glioma cells of the lenti-SNORD47 group and lenti-NC group, respectively. Forty-eight h after transfection, the SNORD47 expression in the three groups was measured by real time quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9. The proliferation of U87-EGFRvⅢ cells 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after transfection was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to examine the invasion and migration of these cells. Results The SNORD47 expression in the lenti-SNORD47 group was significantly higher than that in the lenti-NC group and control group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 in the lenti-SNORD47 group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the lenti-NC group and control group (P<0.05). At 48, 72 and 96 h after transfection, the optical density and number of cloned cells in the lenti-SNORD47 group were significantly decreased as with those in the lenti-NC group and control group (P<0.05). The invasion and migration abilities of U87-EGFRvIII cells in the lenti-SNORD47 group were significantly suppressed as compared with those in the lenti-NC group and control group (P<0.05). Conclusion SNORD47 could inhibit the proliferative and invasive abilities of U87-EGFRvⅢ glioma cells.

Objective To study the effect of exsomes in SH-SY5Y cells after hypoxic ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cell hypoxic ischemia/reperfusion (HUVEC I/R) injury models were established,and the exosomes derived from HUVEC I/R were extracted and identified.SH-SY5Y cell hypoxic ischemia/reperfusion injury models (SH-SY5Y I/R) were established,and cells from SH-SY5Y I/R were divided into control group and exosomes-treatedgroup.The proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay 24,48and 72 h after cell inoculation.Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to examine the invasion and migration.Hochest33258 staining and Flow cytometry were used to monitor the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis.Expressions of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantificative-PCR and Western blotting.Results As compared with those in the control group,the proliferation abilities of SH-SY5Y cells in exosomes-treated group were significantly promoted (48 h:0.70±0.05 vs.0.94±0.08;72 h:0.83±0.05 vs.1.02±0.06),the cell cycle rate of S phase was significantly increased (14.39％±4.11％ vs.20.54％±3.46％),and G0/G1 phase was statistically decreased (71.26％± 5.24％ vs.66.87％±4.23％,P＜0.05).What's more,cell invasive was significantly promoted (44.00±6.56 vs.70.67±6.11),and relative wound injury area was significantly reduced in the exosomes treated group (0.61±0.07 vs.0.52±0.10);significant differences were noted between the two groups (P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the exosomes-treated group as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion HUVEC I/R-derived exosomes play neuro-protective role in human SH-SY5Y cells after hypoxic I/R injury.

At present, most scholars have found that majority of acoustic neuromas are subarachnoid tumors, and extra-arachnoid tumors are rare. However, with the further study of the membranous structures of the acoustic neuromas, it has been found that the membrane structures of the surface of the acoustic neuromas may be composed of arachnoid membrane, vestibular nerve membrane, degraded vestibular nerve fibers, and dural fibrous tissues. Combined with the characteristics of membrane structure of the acoustic neuromas, it is very important to adopt appropriate surgical strategies to perform micromanipulation on tumor resection and nerve function preservation. This article reviews the characteristics of the membrane structures of the acoustic neuromas and their surgical treatment, and proposes the role of the membrane structure in surgery.