Objective To investigate the early diagnosis, indications of operation, choice of operative procedure and effect of operation of closed injury of the duodenum . Methods The clinical data of 38 cases of closed injury of the duodenum treated in recent 11 years were retrospectively analysed . Results Thirty cases(78.9%) were diagnosed preoperatively, and 8 were misdiagnosed(21.1%). All of the 38 patients underwent surgical treatment. 36 cases(94.7%) were cured ,and 2 died(5.3%). Complications occurred in 9(23.7%) .Duodenal fistula was the main complication .Conclusions One must be alert to the possibility of injury of the duodenum in patients with closed upper abdominal injury. Early diagnosis, early operation and rational choice of surgical procedure are very important for the treatment of duodenal trauma.

Magnetoacoustic tomography (MAT) has some advantages such as high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The generating mechanism of acoustic source is the research foundation of forward and inverse problems. A coustic signals were respectively simulated by using monopole and dipole radiation theory in the experimental conditions, then the differences between their acoustic pressures were discussed, and furthermore the contrast and validation were conducted by physical experiments in this study. The physical experimental results showed that acoustic waveform of MAT had a certain directivity and therefore they indicated that dipole model showed higher approximation to the real facts than monopole model. It can be well concluded that this research has cardinal significance for the accurate algorithm of MAT.
Acoustics ; Algorithms ; Tomography ; methods

Resveratrol synthase (RS) plays a key role in resveratrol (Res) biosynthesis. RS gene has been formerly reported to be transformed into many plant species and microorganisms, and to play certain roles in metabolic and regulation processes. In this paper, the transformations of RS gene in plants, and the related changes of biological properties, such as metabolites, anti-pathogen activities, anti-radical properties, and developmental characters in transgenic plants, as well as the production of resveratrol in microbes by utilizing RS gene were summarized. Moreover, the application prospects of RS gene in bioengineering were also addressed.
Acyltransferases ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; enzymology ; genetics ; Stilbenes ; metabolism

The instantaneous changes of the body cavities under the impact of blast waves were studied in three dogs. The changes were recorded with the high-speed photography of three different speeds (563, 1526, and 6526 frames/second). It was demonstrated that there was an 11.7% reduction on average of the body cavities due to compression after 0.777 kg/cm2 of overpressure was received.In correlation with the authors' previous research work and with the relevant literature, it is believed that the 11.7% reduction is likely related to the severe pulmonary injury which is resulted from the abrupt disturbance of hemodynamics after blast wave impact.

Objective To investigate the clinical guiding significance of lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTc-DX for radical lateral lymph node dissection with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation(PANP) in lower rectal cancer.Methods In 67 patients with pathologically proven lower rectal cancer,37MBq/0.8ml 99mTc-DX was injected into submucosa of the rectum through rectal endoscopy.At 0.5h,1h,2h,3h,4h,6h,12h,and 24h after the injection,the patients underwent pelvic and lower abdominal lymphoscintigraphy. The operative method was determined according to the imaging results,and the results of lymphoscintigrams were correlated with postoperative lateral node histologic examination.Results The scintigrams were postive in 37 cases,and all were unilateral.The positive patients underwent PANP.The image results were compared with histological lymph node examination in all patients operated upon for rectal cancer.Histologically,the cases in conformity were 26(70.3 %),false positive in 11 cases(29.7 %),and 2 of 30 false positive patients who demonstrated metastases to lateral node were operated by PANP,while the others underwent only PANP(type Ⅰ) without lateral lymph nodes dissection.The percentage of good sexual function of the two groups of cases after operation was 74.4 % and 71.4 % respentively.The percentages of mild dysuria and good function of urination were both 100 %.Conclusions Lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTC-DX has particular guiding significance in selection of PANP for lower rectal cancer.

Objective To study the effects of total saponins of Chaenomeles speciosa on release of β-hexosaminidase from rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 ( RBL-2H3 ) mast cells. Methods After rat RBL-2H3 mast cells were prepared, total saponins of Chaenomeles speciosa and the RBL-2H3 mast cells were co-cultured.The toxic effects of total saponins of Chaenomeles speciosa on mast cells were detected by MTT method, β-hexosaminidase release rate was measured by fluorescence quantitative spectrophotometric method, and cell supernatants of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) release were detected by ELISA. Results After total saponins of Chaenomeles speciosa were co-cultured with RBL-2H3 mast cells with different antigen stimulation, β-hexosaminidase release rates and the levels of TNF-α of mast cells significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusion Total saponins of Chaenomeles speciosa inhibit the degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells in a dose dependent manner, which provids basis for studying mechanism of inhibiting allergic reactions.

Objective:To establish a Mongolian gerbils model by long-term infection of Helicobacter py-lori (Hp) with highly-expressed thioredoxin-1 (Trx1 ) gene and to investigate the histopathological findings of gastric mucosa in Mongolian gerbils.Methods:In this study,75 healthy male Mongolian ger-bils were randomly divided into 3 groups:Hp with highly-expressed Trx1 gene group (n =30),Hp with lowly-expressed Trx1 gene group (n =30),and control group (n =15).The animals underwent gastric perfusion of Hp suspension once a week for 5 weeks.The animals were sacrificed at the end of 4,20, 34,48,70,and 90 weeks after inoculation for detecting Hp colonization by rapid urease test and War-thin-Starry silver staining and histological examination,respectively.Results:(1)The Mongolian gerbil model of long-term infection of Hp with highly-expressed Trx1 gene and lowly-expressed Trx1 gene were successfully established.(2)The macroscopic mucosal lesions,including erythema,uneven,erosion, nodules,etc.could be observed in experimental groups.The severity of lesions and the time when lesions occurred in Hp with highly-expressed Trx1 gene group were heavier/earlier than that in Hp with lowly-ex-pressed Trx1 gene group.(3)Histopathologically,the gastric mucosa of Hp with highly-expressed Trx1 gene group showed the mild dysplastic hyperplasia of epithelial cells 34 weeks after the Hp inoculation, and the time was in the 48th week in Hp with lowly-expressed Trx1 gene group.At the end of the 90th week after Hp inoculation,the gastric adenocarcinoma could be detected in the two experimental groups (71.4% vs.42.8%).The difference between the two experimental groups did not reach statistical sig-nificance (P =0.592),which might be due to the small sample capacity and /or short observation time. In addition,there were 2 cases with severe epithelial dysplastic hyperplasia in Hp with highly-expressed Trx1 gene group,and only 3 cases with moderate epithelial dysplastic hyperplasia in Hp with lowly-ex-pressed Trx1 gene group.The uninfected control animals showed no abnormal findings throughout the en-tire observation period.Conclusion:Hp with highly-expressed /lowly-expressed Trx1 gene colonizes stab-ly in the glandular gastric mucosa of Mongolian gerbils.The histological changes after infection are similar to those of the Hp infected human being,and Hp with highly-expressed Trx1 gene cause the injury of gas-tric mucosa and the occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma.Trx1 maybe the virulence factor that partici-pates in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and Hp expressing high levels of Trx1 should be highly toxic for gastric diseases in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane delayed preconditioning on caspase recruitment domain (ARC) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation (group S); myocardial I/R group; sevoflurane + sham operation group (group S-S) and sevoflurane delayed preconditioning + myocardial I/R group (group S-I/R) . Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion in groups I/R and S-I/R. Group S-S inhaled 33% oxygen for 2 h, and sham operation was performed 24 h later. Group S-I/R inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h, and then myocardial I/R was induced 24 h later. Eight animals were sacrificed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group and the hearts removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (IS/AAR) . Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index was calculated. Another 4 animals were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion to determine the expression of ARC and Caspase-8 in myocardium by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased in groups I/R and S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in groups S-S and S-I/R, and Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in group S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated, while Caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in groups S-S and S-I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion Sevoflurane delayed preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury through up-regulating the ARC expression and decreasing the myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in inhaled sevoflurane-produced delayed myocardial protection in rats.Methods Ninety-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 270-350 g,were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n =16 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group,sevoflurane group (SEVO group),specific NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide (PTN)group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and PTN + sevoflurane group (PTN + SEVO group).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg,intubated and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In group I/R,33％ oxygen was inhaled for 2 h.In group SEVO,2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h.In groups PTN and DMSO,PTN 500 μg/kg and DMSO were administered intraperitoneally 15 min before oxygen inhalation respectively.In group PTN + SEVO,PTN 500 μg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before exposure to sevoflurane.Myocardial I/R was induced 24 h after intraperitoneal administration.Eight animals in each group were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and the hearts were removed to detect the NF-κB activity and expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B.The left animals in each group were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion and the hearts were removed to determine the myocardial infarct size (by TTC staining).Results Compared with group S,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased at 2 h of reperfusion in the other groups,and the NF-κB activity was significantly increased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in group SEVO (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the NF-κB activity was significantly increased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was up-regulated immediately before ischemia,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced at 2 h of reperfusion in group SEVO (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group SEVO,the NF-κB activity was significantly decreased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was down-regulated immediately before ischemia,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased at 2 h of reperfusion in DMSO,PTN and PTN + SEVO groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy are involved in inhaled sevoflurane-produced delayed nyocardial protection in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane (Sero) preconditioning (Precon) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱ myocardial I/R; group Ⅲ Sero and group Ⅳ Sevo-Precon + myocardial I/R. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ . In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 2.5 % sevoflurane for 30 min while in group Ⅳ the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min at 15 min before myocardial I/R. Eight animals were killed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group. The hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) (IS/AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Another 4 animals were killed before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion for determining the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein in myocardium by Western blot. Results Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly decreased infarct size and AI in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅱ (group I/R). Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased and caspase-3 protein expression was significantly increased after 2 h reperfusion as compared with the expression before ischemia in group I/R (group Ⅱ ). Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly reversed the I/R-induced changes in Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by decreasing myocardial apoptosis.