Objective To investigate immune responses and protective effect induced by two recombinant proteins of hepatitis C virus(HCV)in BALB/c mice.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant proteins HCV-T and(or)HCV-F4HVR1 three times.Specific antibodies in sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Five mice were sacrificed after 14 days of the last immunization.Splenic cells were isolated and levels of interferon(IFN)-γ,interleukin(IL)-4 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)cytotoxicity assay were measured in vitro.The remaining mice were subcutaneously injected with 1.0×106 SP2/0-NS3 cells on the back to investigate the protective effects.The differences of means between groups were compared by LSD-t test.Results Compared with phosphate bufter saline(PBS)group,combined immunization with HCV-T and HCV-F4HVR1 induced higher levels of specific IgG against HCV-F4HVR1(t=3.815,3.762,P＜0.05),HCV-NS3-specific CTL response(t=3.971,P＜0.05)and IL-4(t=3.512,3.417,P＜0.05)and IFN-γ(t=3.813,3.426,3.671,P＜0.05)secretions.Conclusion High levels of specific humoral immunity and cellular immunity are induced in vivo after combined immunization with HCV-T and HCV-F4 HVR1,which could effectively prevent from the attack of SP2/0-NS3 cells.

Objective To investigate the cellular and humoral immune responses and protective effect induced by co-immunization with two multi-epitope combinant antigens. Methods Mice were co-im-munized with the muhi-epitope HCV-T and HCV-E1 antigens three times. Sera antibodies IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were tested by ELISA. Spleens from BALB/c mice immunized were removed 10 days after the last im-munization. CTL activity was assessed using LDH cytotoxicity assay kit. IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cells were quantified using ELISPOT kit. Two weeks after the final immunization, the mice were challenged sub-cutaneously(s, c. ) at the back with 106 SP2/0-NS3 cells, and protective effect was observed. For therapy, 106 SP2/0-NS3 cells were implanted into the back of BALB/c mice. Seven days later, mice were immuniza-tion three times. Therapy effect was observed. Results Co-immunization with HCV-T and HCV-E1 induced high tiers of HCV-El-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, and high level of CTL activity. Synergistic effect in frequencies of both specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells was observed in mice co-immunized. Prophylactic as well as therapeutic administration of mT + mE1 in mice led to protecting mice against SP2/0-NS3 cells. These results suggested that mT + mE1 was potential as a prophylactic as well as therapeutic HCV vaccine. Conclusion Co-immunization with HCV-T + HCV-EI induced protective humor-al and cellular immune response. HCV-T + HCV-E1 was potential as a recombinant HCV vaccine.

Objective To research CpG and Al(OH)3 adjuvants enhancing immunogenicity of hepatitis C virus(HCV) recombinant ptotein combined vaccine(TIE).Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with candidate vaccine TFE using CpG,Al(OH)3,Al(OH) 3 + CpG,or freund's adjuvant(FA) as the adjuvant.Five mice were sacrificed after 10 d of the last immunization.Specific antibodies in sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Splenic cells were isolated and levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) cytotoxicity assay were messuredin vitro.The remaining mice were subcutaneouly injected with 1 × 106 SP2/0-NS3 cells on the back to investigate the protective effects.The differences of means between groups were compared by LSD-t test.Results The specific CTL activity of TFE + A1(OH) 3 + CpG group was higher than TFE + FA group and TFE + CpG group(P ＜ 0.05).The level of IFN-γsecreting cells in TFE + Al(OH)3 + CpG group was higher than that in TFE + M(OH)3 group or TFE + CpG group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Combining Al(OH) 3 and CpG could enhance specific cellular immunogenicity of candidate HCV vaccine TFE.TFE + M(OH) 3 + CpG could effetively prevent the attack of tumor cell SP2/0-NS3 expressing nonstructural protein NS3 of HCV.

In contrast to the gradual reduction in the number of locally transmitted malaria cases in China, the number of imported malaria cases has been increasing since 2008. Here, we report a case of a 39-year-old Chinese man who acquired Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection while staying in Ghana, West Africa for 6 months in 2012. Microscopic examinations of Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears indicated Plasmodium vivax infection. However, the results of rapid diagnostic tests, which were conducted 3 times, were not in agreement with P. vivax. To further check the diagnosis, standard PCR analysis of the small-subunit rRNA gene was conducted, based on which a phylogeny tree was constructed. The results of gene sequencing indicated that this malaria is a variant of P. ovale (P. ovale wallikeri). The infection in this patient was not a new infection, but a relapse of the infection from the one that he had contracted in West Africa.
Adult ; Azure Stains ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics ; Ghana ; Humans ; Malaria/*diagnosis/parasitology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium ovale/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recurrence ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Travel