DNA methylation is one of the regulators on the expression of genes,and the expression of genes can be ”silenced” by hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor genes,which is in close relationship with carcinogenesis.Gastric cancer is caused by multiple factors and multiple genes alteration and prolonged interaction.among them ,There is considerable relation between the hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor genes and the gastric carcinogenesis.

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the correlations between soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and intedeukin-8 (IL-8) levels and the condition and prognosis of severe pneumonia. Methods A total of 67 patients with pneumonia were identified at the intensive care unit and the Respiratory Department of Zibo Central Hospital between April 2007 and March 2008. The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of pneumonia: severe (Group A, n = 35) and non-severe (Group B, n = 32). Group A was also subdivided into two groups of patiems: patients with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrorae(MODS) (Group A_1, n = 13) and pa-tients with severe pneumonia alone (Croup A_2, n= 22). Thirty healthy people whose age and sex matched with the patients were enrolled as a control group (Group C). Patients with cancer, who had undergone surgery within the past 1 month, connective tissue disease or acute conplications of diabetes, for example, were excluded from the study. The serum levels of s-Eselectin and IL-8 were measured by EI.ISA, and correlations with Acute physiol-ogy and chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ)score, Oxygenation index(PaO_2/FiO_2), percentage of poly-morphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)levels were determined. The data were analyzed using t tests, one-way ANOVA, X~2 tests and linear correlation analysis using SAS 8.2 software. Results The sermn levels of sE-selectin and IL-8 in Croup A and Group B were significant higher than Group C (P < 0.05), and the levels in Group A were higher than those in Group B (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of sE-selectin and IL-8 were higher in Group A_1 than in Group A_2(P < 0.001). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the levels of sE-selectin and IL-8 in patients with pneumonia (r = 0.781,P < 0.01) ; and both were positively correhted with APACHE-Ⅱ score, PMN% and hs-CRP (P < 0.01), and nega-tively correlated with PaO_2/FiO_2 (P < 0.01).Conclusions sE-selectin and IL-8 levels are important indices for the assessment of the severity of pneumonia in tetras of the condition and prognosis.

Objective To explore pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility testing results in children with purulent meningitis in Jinan area. Methods A total of 54 children with purulent meningitis were selected from January 2010 to December 2014, the cerebrospinal fluid smear and culture, according to the national standard of clinical inspection technology for bacteria isolation and identification by disc diffusion method for drug sensitive test were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 54 strains of pathogenic bacteria including 36 strains of gram-positive coccus, and 17 strains of gram-negative bacillus and one strain of suspected Neisseria meningitides were found. A total of 31 strains gram positive coccus is Streptococcus pneumoniae, and most gram-negative bacilli is E. coli. In the Gram-positive coccus, 61.3% was sensitive to penicillin, and more than 90% was sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefepime, 83.3% was sensitive to meropenem, 94.7% resistant to azithromycin, and 58.1% resistant to oxazocilline. In Gram-negative bacilli, 60% was sensitive to ampicillin sulbactam 71.4% was sensitive to cephalosporin , 57.1% was sensitive to ceftriaxone , 66.6% was sensitive to cefepime. Conclusions From cerebrospinal fluid cultured of purulent meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and E. coli were major pathogenic bacteria in children with purulent meningitis in Jinan area.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive cognitive and behavioral disorders.Clinical manifestations include memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, impaired visual spatial function, executive power, decreased computing power, personality and behavior changes and so on.At present, the incidence of dementia is increasing year by year, causing a huge social burden, and there is still no effective treatment.Therefore, many scholars try to prevent and delay the occurrence of cognitive impairment through the identification and control of risk factors.Combining with previous studies, nap is helpful for the maintenance and consolidation of memory.This article discusses the effect of nap on cognitive function and its related mechanisms.First, nap can improve cognitive function, but it depends on the length, the frequency of the nap, and the difficulty of the task.Second, the effect of nap on cognition may be through inflammatory response, neuroendocrine, Aβ and gene polymorphism.In addition, this paper also proposes future research prospects in terms of standardized research methods, deepening research on relevant mechanisms, and lifestyle interventions in view of the lack of previous research.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of two treating principles and formulas, which are named 'invigorating spleen to remove phlem and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction' (Jianpi) and 'invigorate the kidney and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction' (Bushen), on the expression of osteogenic factors in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and Smads, as well as to explore and compare their mechanisms of prevention and treatment of SONFH.

METHODAnimal model of SONFH was established by injection with methylprednisolone in chest muscle on chickens. 48 SONFH chickens were randomly assigned to model, Jianpi and Bushen group. Another 16 normal chickens served as control group. At the 8th and 16th week, the expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1, Smad4 and Smad7 of bilateral femoral heads were detected with immunohistochemistry.

RESULTThe expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1 and Smad4 decreased, and Smad7 increased significantly in model group compared with control group. The expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1, Smad4 increased and Smad7 decreased significantly in Jianpi group at the 8th week compared with model group, and the same changes in Bushen group at the 16th week.

CONCLUSIONBoth Jianpi and Bushen formulas exerted preventive and therapeutic activity on SONFH through regulating the expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1, Smad4 and Smad7 to promote bone repair. Notably Jianpi formula took effect earlier than Bushen formula

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Methylprednisolone ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of the initial phase of acute osteomyelitis in children with skin and soft tissue infection as the main sign.Methods:The clinical data of 154 children with skin and soft tissue infections as the main sign from July 2017 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to MRI, 48 children with no signs of osteomyelitis and only simple skin and soft tissue infection were included in the non-osteomyelitis group, including 28 boys and 20 girls, aged 38.50 (12.00, 93.00) months; 106 children with acute osteomyelitis with skin and soft tissue infection as the main sign were included in the osteomyelitis group, including 65 boys and 41 girls, aged 49.50 (17.50, 87.00) months. The disease course, maximum body temperature at onset, inflammatory indicators (including white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) examined within 24 h after admission were compared between the two groups, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of each index in diagnosing osteomyelitis.Results:The white blood cell counts in the non-osteomyelitis group and osteomyelitis group were 13.72 (10.19, 19.19) ×10 9 /L and 14.74 (10.63, 18.67) ×10 9 /L, and the neutrophil counts were 7.79 (5.62, 11.91) ×10 9 /L and 9.58 (5.77, 13.67) ×10 9 /L, the difference was not statistically significant ( Z=-0.68, P=0.495; Z=-1.24, P=0.216). The course of disease in the non-osteomyelitis group and osteomyelitis group was 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) d and 5.50 (4.00, 9.00) d ( Z=-2.03, P=0.042), and the maximum body temperature at the onset of the disease was 38.50 (36.65, 39.00) ℃ and 39.00 (38.50, 40.00) ℃ ( Z=-3.72, P<0.001), C-reactive protein was 23.26 (8.16, 47.67) mg/L and 69.27 (26.28, 111.03) mg/L ( Z=-4.52, P<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 35.00 (24.25, 53.00) mm/1 h and 61.00 (43.00, 78.00) mm/1 h ( Z=-5.06, P<0.001), the differences were statistically significant. The proportion of patients with increased C-reactive protein was 70.8% (34/48) and 92.5% (98/106) in non-osteomyelitis group and osteomyelitis group, the proportion of patients with increased erythrocyte precipitation rate was 81.3% (39/48) and 100% (106/106), and the proportion of patients with fever was 66.7% (32/48) and 100% (106/106), respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=12.61, P<0.001; χ 2=21.11, P<0.001; χ 2=39.43, P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of osteomyelitis were 84.0%, 33.3% and 0.602, respectively. The maximum body temperature at onset was 99.1%, 35.4% and 0.687, and the C-reactive protein was 57.6%, 85.4% and 0.728, respectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates were 84.0%, 56.3% and 0.755, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the maximum body temperature was >37.6 ℃ [ OR=22.54, 95% CI (2.66, 190.81)] and C-reactive protein was >54.59 mg /L [ OR=4.23, 95% CI (1.63, 11.01)] was an independent risk factor for predicting osteomyelitis with skin and soft tissue infection as the main sign. Conclusion:Compared to simple skin and soft tissue infections, children with osteomyelitis had a higher proportion of fever, elevated C-reactive protein, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a longer duration of illness, and higher elevations in temperature, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Length of onset, maximum body temperature at onset, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate had certain diagnostic efficacy in determining the tendency of skin soft tissue infection to osteomyelitis. Maximum body temperature >37.6 ℃ and C-reactive protein >54.59 mg/L may independently predict the possibility of skin soft tissue infection as osteomyelitis, and prompt Magnetic Resonance Imaging is recommended for early diagnosis and treatment in such children.

Objective: To analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile in Chinese children. Methods: This was a prevalence survey. From January 1 through December 31, 2016, the isolates were collected from 10 tertiary children hospitals in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by routine laboratory methods. The penicillin susceptibility of streptococcus pneumonia and Meropenem susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria were detected by E-test and disk diffusion method respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were interpreted according to the criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guideline 2016. The data of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from either the different patients (neonatal group and non-neonatal group) or various sources were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results: A total of 56 241 isolates were collected, of which 41.5% (23 328 isolates) were gram-positive organisms and 58.5% (32 886 isolates) gram-negative organisms. The five leading pathogens were Escherichia coli (7 995/56 214, 14.2%), Straphylococcus aureus (6 468/56 214, 11.5%), Streptococcus pneumonia (6 225/56 214, 11.1%), Haemophilus influenza (5 435/56 214, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (4 523/56 214, 8.0%). The Meropenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumonia isolates were 27.4% (326/1 189) , 8.1% (29/358) , 2.0% (27/1 362) , 19.5% (34/174) , 49.7% (230/463) in neonatal group and 15.4% (512/3 327) , 4.8% (40/841) , 2.3% (151/6 564) , 13.7% (252/1 840) , and 53.4% (860/1 611) in non-neonatal group. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates of neonatal group and non-neonatal group were 46.2% (649/1 404) and 33.3% (1 668/5 010) . The penicillin non-susceptible rates of Streptococcus pneumonia in the two groups were 17.6% (6/34) and 18.2% (1 121/6 158) respectively. The β-lactamase positive rates of Haemophilus pneumonia isolates in the neonatal group and non-neonatal groups were 33.8% (47/139) and 44.4% (2 345/5 282) respectively. Conclusion This investigation highlights the worrisome trend of antimicrobial resistance in children, especially among neonatal patients in China.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of pneumococcal infections and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children's hospitals, which would provide reference for preventing and treating pneumococcal diseases. Methods: This was a prevalence survey. In this study, the age, specimen type, monthly distribution characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 9 children's hospitals in China were investigated between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. The WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The comparison of rates was performed by Chi-square test. Results: A total of 6 200 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae were obtained, namely, 95.1% (5 876/6 177) from the respiratory tract specimens, 2.2% (136/6 177) from blood specimens and 0.4% (24/6 177) from cerebrospinal fluid specimens. The isolates were mainly from children older than 1 and younger than 5 years (54.7%, 3 381/6 185) . Most of strains (33.2%, 1 184/3 563) were isolated in November, December and January. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were completely sensitive to vancomycin (100.0%, 6 189/6 189) , linezolid (100.0%, 6 030/6 030) , moxifloxacin (100.0%, 3 064/3 064) , highly sensitive to levofloxacin (99.8%, 5 528/5 540), ertapenem (98.8%, 3 024/3 061) and lowly sensitive to erythromycin (1.7%, 102/6 016), clindamycin (3.7%, 116/3 136), and tetracycline (5%, 244/4 877), respectively. According to the parenteral susceptibility breakpoints for non-meningitis isolates, the sensitivity of Streptocococus pneumoniae to penicillin from children's hospital of Chongqing Medical University (49.3%, 892/1 809) was significantly lower than those of other hospitals (χ²=1 268.161, P<0.05) . Conclusions Streptococcus pneumoniae is mainly isolated from respiratory tract, from children older than 1 and younger than 5 years and during November to January in tertiary children's hospital of China. The Streptococcus pneumoniae from children is highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin. There are also significant differences in the sensitivity of penicillin for Streptococcus pneumoniae from different hospitals.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae ( CRE) isolated from children in China. Methods CRE strains were collected in 10 ter-tiary children's hospitals of China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the clinical strains was detected with disk diffusion method ( KB method) and automated method. The re-sults were analyzed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( CLSI) Standards published in 2017. WHONET 5. 6 software was used to retrospectively analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of these strains. Results A total of 3065 CRE clinical strains were isolated from children with an overall prevalence of 7. 7％ and among them, 13. 5％ were isolated in neonatal group and 5. 8％ in non-neo-natal group. The detection rate of CRE in 2017 was higher than that in 2016 (9. 7％ vs 5. 7％). Among the 3065 CRE strains, there were 1912 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (62. 0％), 667 strains of Escherichia coli (22. 0％), 206 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (7. 0％), 56 strains of Klebsiella aerogenes (1. 8％) and 47 strains of Serratia marcescens (1. 5％). Most of the strains were isolate in neonatology departments including neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and intensive care units (ICU), accounting for 44. 8％ and 19. 7％, respectively. Respiratory tract (61. 8％), urine (19. 4％) and blood (5. 7％) specimens were the main sources of CRE isolates. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the CRE strains were highly resistant to carbapenem antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem, as well as penicillins and most cephalosporins (79. 6％-100％), especially those isolated in the neonatal group (P<0. 05). Children had relatively low resistance rates to aminoglycosides such as amikacin (19. 7％) and fos-fomycin (11. 9％), fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin (37. 7％) and ciprofloxacin (43. 3％), and tige-cycline (3. 8％). Currently, no polymyxin B-resistant strains were isolated. Conclusions The prevalence of common CRE strains in children in 2017 was higher than that in 2016, especially in newborns. Drug re-sistance in CRE strains isolated from neonates to common antibiotics was more severe, suggesting that great attention should be paid to it and timely measures should also be taken.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2018 to December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 14 778 bacterial strains were collected from 50 hospitals, of which 4 117 (27.9%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 10 661(72.1%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.7%), Enterococcus faecium (3.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(3.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Streptococci(2.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.3%). The the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 27.4% (394/1 438) and 70.4% (905/1 285), respectively. No glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. More than 95% of S. aureus were sensitive to amikacin, rifampicin and SMZco. The resistance rate of E. faecium to vancomycin was 0.4% (2/504), and no vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in no carbapenem-resistance E. coli, carbapenem sensitive K. pneumoniae and Proteus were 50.4% (2 731/5 415), 24.6% (493/2001) and 35.2% (31/88), respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 1.5% (85/5 500), 20.6% (518/2 519), respectively. 8.3% (27/325) of carbapenem-resistance K. pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The resistance rates of A. baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 2.8% (14/501) and 3.4% (17/501) respectively, and that of P. aeruginosa to carbapenem were 18.9% (103/546). Conclusions:The surveillance results from 2018 to 2019 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while E. coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBLs-producing strains were in majority; the MRSA incidence is getting lower in China; carbapenem-resistant E. coli keeps at a low level, while carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is on the rise obviously.